History of Europe: From the Fall of Napoleon, in 1815, to the Accession of Louis Napoleon, in 1852, Volum 6

Sir Archibald Alison

W. Blackwood and sons, 1857

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CHAPTER XXXIV	1

Fresh creation of peers ib 3 M Arago as a political leader	2

His failings	3

Blanc Dupont de lEure and Lafitte	4

Opening of the Chambers	5

Rapid growth of railway companies	6

Aragos Report on the railway lines	7

General prosperity of the country	8

Mr Cobden and Mr Villiers and first proceedings in Parliament on	322

73	323

7576 77	328

78	329

79	330

80	332

81	333

1	334

Fever of speculation in France	9

General frauds committed on the public	10

Influence of the passion for gain on literature and the press	11

Change it induced in the system of government	12

Scandalous increase of corruption in France	13

Position of Count Molé and his attention to the Court	14

Statistics of the army and social concerns ib 17 Last illness and death of Talleyrand	16

His character	17

Conspiracy of Hubert	18

Louis Napoleon is obliged to leave Switzerland and come to England	20

Evacuation of Ancona	22

Military preparations and wild views of the Belgian republicans	23

Views of the English Cabinet on the subject	24

Obstinacy of the Belgians and military preparations of France and Prussia	25

Failure of the Bank of Brussels and settlement of the question	26

Commencement of the troubles in Canada	27

Differences of France and Mexico	28

Reflections on the attack of land defences by sea forces	29

Instances on each side	30

Probable conclusion on the subject	31

Coalition against and dissolution of the Chambers	32

Ministerial crisis and attempt to form a Liberal Administration	33

Vain attempts to form a Ministry	34

La Société des Familles Its organisation	35

Which is changed into the Société des Saisons	36

Insurrection of May 12 which is suppressed	37

Second Ministry of Marshal Soult	38

Character of M Villemain	39

State of parties after this change	40

Trial of Barbès and the conspirators	41

Conviction and sentences of the accused	42

Views of Barbès and his associates in this conspiracy	43

Progress of the Napoleon party	44

Increased strength of the Government	45

Debate on the affairs of the East	46

4750 Lamartines speech on the subject	47

Great rise of Sir R Peel in general estimation from this short Adminis	50

5153 Argument of M Villemain on the other side	51

Marshal Soults measures in the East	54

Jouffroys exposition of the Government system	55

Affairs of Africa after the storm of Constantine	57

Their threatening aspect	58

Commencement of the insurrection	59

Vigorous defensive measures and successes of the French	60

Death of the Princess Maria of Würtemberg	61

Creation of twenty peers	62

Commencement of agitation for a lowering of the suffrage	63

View of the Liberals as to the government of the executive	64

Commencement of the session of 1840 the Kings speech	65

6669 Speech of M Thiers on the Eastern question	66

Reflections on this debate	70

Thiers second Ministry	73

First division supports the Ministry	74

Early measures of the Ministry	75

State of the public press	76

Bill regarding infant labour	77

Expedition of Louis Napoleon to Boulogne	80

8182 Failure of the enterprise	81

His trial and sentence of imprisonment	83

His life in prison and its beneficial results	84

Glorious conduct of the militia in the upper province	88

Thiers answer	91

Report of the committee of the Assembly on the wants of Canada	94

Vigorous measures of the French Cabinet	95

Division of opinion on the fortification of Paris	96

Great preparations of M Thiers	97

Guizots memorandum to the English Government	98

Guizots opinions on the Eastern question	99

Withdrawal of the French fleet from the Levant	100

Immediate cause of M Thiers downfall	101

The new Ministry	102

Kings speech at opening the Chamber	103

104106 Debate on the Address	104

105 Loss of the Commissariat Fort	105

107109 Answer of M Guizot	106

Fatal effect of these losses	107

Storm of Mahommed Shereefs Fort	108

Jealousy between Elphinstone and Shelton	109

Division in favour of Government	110

Continuance of the fortifications of Paris	111

Marshal Soults military view of the question	112

Alarming state of the finances	113

Treaty of Feb 13 1841 regarding the East	114

Great escape which Europe made at this period	115

Reflections on this treaty	116

Way in which this was brought about	117

What occasioned the error	118

Negotiations with the enemy	119

Arrival of Akbar Khan and renewal of the negotiation	120

Capitulation with the Affghans	121

Faithlessness of the Affghans and increased misery of the troops	122

Difficulties consequent on	123

His murder by Akbar Khan	124

Reflections on this event	125

Fresh treaty which is opposed by Pottinger	126

Conclusion of the treaty	127

Commencement of the march	128

Increasing horrors of the march	129

378379	130

Ascent of the Coord Cabul plateau and surrender of the ladies	131

Almost entire destruction of the columnn	132

Continuance of the retreat to Jugdulluck	133

Termination of the retreat and arrival of one survivor at Jellalabad	134

Difficulty about the household appointments which causes the negotia	135

Observations of Sir R Peel Lord Melbourne and the Duke of Well	136

ington on the subject 386	138

CHAPTER XXXVI	160

Fate of the bill in the Commons and Peers	175

The state of the Irish corporations	193

The bill is carried in the Commons	200

Treaty of July 15 1840	202

Reestablishment of the Catholic Association	206

Agricultural Distress Committee and refusal of currency investigation	212

ceedings regarding Orange lodges	213

52	215

53	216

5354 54	217

55	218

56	219

Statistics of Irish destitution	224

Page	231

Her Majestys Speech to the Privy Council	240

Death of Mrs Fitzherbert	241

86	242

Ilfounded complaints against him by the Conservatives	243

Beneficial effect of the change of Ministry and dissolution	244

Cause of this	245

CHAPTER XXXVII	246

23 Its many sources of weakness 247248	247

what was its great want?	249

Vast advantages of a paper currency in America	250

Great prosperity of America from 1820 to 1835	251

88	252

Prudence upon the whole of the United States banks	253

Vast purchase of lands in the Far West with these notes	254

Difference between the political feeling of landholders in Europe and America	255

Aristocracy in America grew naturally in the towns	256

What renders party contests so violent in America	258

General jealousy of the banks on the part of the Democratic party	259

his measures against the banks ib 15 Ostensible and real grounds of complaint against the banks	260

the Bank Charter 18 Withdrawal of the public deposits from the United States Bank	262

Which is approved of by the House of Representatives and condemned	263

by the Senate 20 General crash in the Union	264

New York in vain petitions in favour of the Bank	265

Increased hostility of General Jackson to the Bank	266

Increased banking mania in the West	267

The Presidents account of the operations of the western banks	268

Treasury order regarding cash payment for public lands	269

Mr Biddles description of the effects of these measures ib 27 Disastrous effects of this state of things	270

Universal ruin which ensued in America	272

Increased straits of Government and ruin of the revenue	273

JUNE 1837	274

Disastrous effect of these measures on the United States	276

Excess of imports over exports	279

Effect of these changes on the currency	285

89	288

Panic in Belgium and France	291

ib 57	293

Debate on the subject in the House of Commons	297

Vast effect of the changes in the Currency Laws during the peace 2 Leading evils of the Currency Laws 3 Grand error from which they spring 4 Dan...	298

Answer to this argument 11 Such a currency must be based on the national security 12 Effect of the monetary laws in inducing the prosperity of 1835	301

The trial and its results	304

Irish elections and junction of Liberals and Catholics there 22 Division on the choice of a Speaker 23 Division on the Address 114	307

58	308

59	309

60	310

6163 64	314

65	315

66	316

67	317

68	318

69	319

70	320

71	321

116	367

117	369

119	370

120	371

121	372

123	373

124	375

Capture of the vessel by the Russians	376

126	377

128	378

129	379

130	380

131	381

133	382

Election of a Speaker and second Jamaica Bill	387

CHAPTER XXXVIII	388

Her coronation	389

Her marriage to Prince Albert	390

Reflections on this auspicious event	391

His family and Protestant principles	392

Legislative measures of the period Criminal law	393

Reflections on this subject and the neglect of secondary punishments	394

Mode in which the change was brought about	395

1011 Important facts connected with emigration and colonisation brought out in this debate 397398	397

New colonial system of England	399

First settlement of British colonists in New Zealand	400

Postoffice reform Mr Hills plan	405

Results of the measure	406

Causes of its failure as a source of revenue	407

Stockdales case and the privilege of Parliament	409

Committal of the Sheriffs for breach of privilege	410

2324 Reflections on this subject	411

Murder of Lord Norbury and crime in Ireland	412

Statistics of Irish crime in 1837 1838 and 1839	413

Alliance of the Government with OConnell	414

Lord Normanbys wholesale liberation of offenders	415

The misery of Ireland and inadequacy of the remedies proposed	417

Which mainly arose from Ireland being the battlefield of parties	418

ib 32 Increased perils of the country in various quarters	420

Injustice of the general opinion on the subject	421

Slight increase of the army in 1839	422

Extreme weakness of the navy ib 36 Outcry for the abolition of the Corn Laws	424

Mr Villiers motion for the repeal of the Corn Laws lost	426

Increased agitation on the subject ib 39 Attack on the Queen	427

Extreme difficulties of Ministers	429

New Reform Bill for Ireland and its fate	430

The Whig budget	431

Which is lost on a division	432

4447 Sir R Peels argument against the budget 433435	433

4852 Lord Palmerstons reply 436439	436

Reflections on this debate	440

Subsequent measures Vote of want of confidence	441

Dissolution of Parliament	442

Immense excitement in the country ib 57 Result of the elections decidedly in favour of the Tories	443

Defeat of Ministers in both Houses and their resignation	445

Reflections on the fall of the Whigs	447

The fall of the Whigs was owing to the Reform Bill	448

The supremacy of England was destroyed by the Reform Bill	449

Which is owing to Catholic ascendancy in Ireland and passion for self government in Scotland	450

CHAPTER XXXIX	452

Reasons of this universal feeling	453

Apparent exception this rule in British India	454

Advantages of the English government ib 5 Evils of the English government which have subsequently appeared	455

Extent of the British empire in India 7 Great payments drawn from India and spent in England	456

Injury to Indian industry from the connection with Great Britain	459

Causes of the extreme poverty of the inbabitants of India	460

Great extent of the seacoast of India 13 Great public works which formerly existed in India 14 Difficulties of the British Government as regards publi...	468

Effects of a real reciprocity if established with India	469

Neglect of India as a cottonproducing country	470

Impossibility of augmenting indirect taxes in India	471

Revenues of the Company	473

Monopolies of opium and salt and lesser sources of revenue	476

Military establishment in British India ib 26 Military establishment of India not excessive	478

Sepoy troops	480

True policy to be pursued in regard to India by the British Gove ib ernment	482

Judicial establishment of India 30 The protected States and their rapid decline	483

Great want of a paper circulation in India	484

the Radicals in the Commons	486

Splendour of the recent history of India 34 Lord Cornwalliss second administration	487

Discreditable terms of the treaty to the English Governm ent	488

489	489

concludes the Mahratta peace	491

Lord Mintos Administration	492

Lord Moiras Administration	493

Ghoorka war	494

Early disasters of the campaign ib 42 General Ochterlonys successes	497

Negotiations for a final treaty broken off by the Ghoorkas	498

Causes of the Pindarree war and their outrages	499

Lord Hastings great preparations and commencement of the war	500

Farther successes of Lord Hastings Battle of Kirkee	501

Second check of the Peishwa	502

Farther successes of the British	503

Ravages of the cholera in Lord Hastings army	504

Victory of Lord Hastings and termination of the war	505

End of the war and of Lord Hastings administration	506

Reflections on Lord Hastings government of India	507

Amherst Administration and war with Burmah	508

Irruption of the Mughs and causes of discord with the Burmese	509

Resources of the Burmese and difficulties of the war	510

First operations of the war Taking of Rangoon	511

Slow progress of the war and sickness of the British	512

Successes of the British	513

Reverses sustained by them ib 61 Sufferings of the British in Rangoon	514

Reverses on the Arracan frontier	516

Victories of the British before Rangoon	517

Actions during the advance on Prome	518

Capture of Prome	519

Renewed difficulties of the British from sickness	521

Decisive victories of the British	522

Advance of the British towards the capital and submission of the Burmese	523

Renewal of hostilities and final defeat of the Burmese	524

Conclusion of peace O	525

Reflections on the Burmese and Pindarree wars	526

The Burmese war was necessary and unavoidable	527

Treaty with the King of Siam	528

Mutiny at Barrackpore	529

Reflections on this event	531

Commencement of the difference with the Rajah of Bhurtpore	532

Increased disturbances at Bhurtpore and interference of the British	533

Commencement of the war and forces of the British	534

Commencement and difficulties of the siege	535

Progress of the siege	536

Assault of the place	537

Decisive results of this victory	538

Acquisition of Singapore in the Straits of Malacca	539

CHAPTER XL	540

Restoration of the passage to India by the Red Sea	552

Persia is the chief barrier against the north	558

Rupture with Persia and alliance with Affghanistan	564

Policy which should have been pursued was to support Dost M	576

The siege	584

Final assault	585

Extreme distress of the besieged	587

Interference of the English and raising of the siege	588

Great effects of the raising of the siege in Asia	589

Great effects of this defeat of Russia	590

Great mistake committed on this occasion by the English Government	591

Treaty for the restoration of Shah Soojah 592 54 Treaty for the restoration of Shah Soojah 55 Reflections on this treaty	593

Preparations for the Affghanistan expedition 594 56 Preparations for the Affghanistan expedition 57 The forces	595

Magnificent displays in the Punjaub	597

Commencement of the march	598

Increased sufferings of the troops ib 64 Reception of Shah Soojah in Candahar	603

Passage of the Kyber by Colonel Wades force	604

Great sensation in India from these events	605

Movement of the army towards Cabul	606

Description of Ghuznee and plans of Dost Mahommed	607

Melancholy tragedy before Ghuznee and plan of the attack	608

Capture of the fortress	610

Results of the victory	611

Vain efforts of Dost Mahommed to make a stand and his flight ib 74 Entry of the British into Cabul	612

Honours bestowed on those engaged in the expedition	613

Flattering appearance of the country	614

Real causes of embarrassment to the Indian Government ib 78 Plans of Lord Auckland for the future in Affghanistan	615

Attack on Khelat	616

Pleasant quarters of the troops in Cabul in autumn and winter	617

Growing difficulties of the British position	618

Russian expedition against Khiva	619

Fresh difficulties in Affghanistan	620

Disquieting intelligence from Herat and the Punjaub ib 85 Threatening aspect of things in the Punjaub	621

Progress and varied success of the insurgents	622

Checks in the Bamian Pass	623

Further disasters in the Bamian ib 89 Dost Mahommeds defeat at the Bamian Pass	624

Fresh efforts of Dost Mahommed	625

562	626

His surrender	627

Increased tranquillity of the country	628

Renewed insurrection and victory of Nott	629

Victory of Colonel Wymer near KhelatiGhilzye	630

Commencement of the insurrection	650

657	657

862	663

666	666

Reflections on the injustice of the Affghanistan expedition 138 Errors in the conception of the expedition 139 Disproportion of the force to the objec...	671

672	672

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Bibliografisk informasjon

Tittel	History of Europe: From the Fall of Napoleon, in 1815, to the Accession of Louis Napoleon, in 1852, Volum 6 History of Europe: From the Fall of Napoleon, in 1815, to the Accession of Louis Napoleon, in 1852, Sir Archibald Alison
Forfatter	Sir Archibald Alison
Utgiver	W. Blackwood and sons, 1857
Original fra	University of Michigan
Digitalisert	13. sep 2007

Eksporter sitat	BiBTeX EndNote RefMan

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