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And, being enfranchis'd, bid him come to me :-
"Tis not enough to help the feeble up,
But to support him after.-Fare you well.
Ven. Serv. All happiness to your honour !3
Enter an old Athenian.

Ord Ath. Lord Timon, hear ine speak.
Tim.

[Exit.

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Luc. Humbly I thank your lordship: Never may
That state or fortune fall into my keeping,
Which is not ow'd to you!

[Exeunt LUCILIUS and old Athenian. Poet. Vouchsafe my labour, and long live your lordship!

Tim. I thank you; you shall hear from me anon, Go not away.-What have you there, my friend? Pain. A piece of painting, which I do beseech

Tim.

Freely, good father. Your lordship to accept.
Old Ath. Thou hast a servant nam'd Lucilius.
Tim. I have so: What of him?
Old Ath. Most noble Timon, call the man before

thec.

Tim. Attends he here, or no?-Lucilius!
Enter LUCILIUS.

Luc. Here, at your lordship's service.
Old Ath. This fellow here, Lord Timon, this thy
creature,

By night frequents my house. I am a man
That from my first have been inclin'd to thrift;
And my estate deserves an heir more rais'd,
Than one which holds a trencher.

Tim.
Well; what further?
Old Ath. One only daughter have I, no kin else,
On whom I may confer what I have got:
The maid is fair, o' the youngest for a bride,
And I have bred her at my dearest cost,
In qualities of the best. This man of thine
Attempts her love: I pr'ythee, noble lord,
Join with me to forbid him her resort;
Myself have spoke in vain.
Tim.

The man is honest.
Old Ath. Therefore he will be, Timon:4
His honesty rewards him in itself,

It must not bear my daughter.

Tim.

Does she love him?

Old Ath. She is young, and apt:
Our own precedent passions do instruct us
What levity's in youth.

Tim. [To LucILIUS.] Love you the maid?
Luc. Ay, my good lord, and she accepts of it.
Old Ath. If in her marriage my consent be missing,

I call the gods to witness, I will choose

Mine heir from forth the beggars of the world,
And dispossess her all.

Tim.

How shall she be endow'd,
If she be mated with an equal husband?
Old Ath. Three talents, on the present; in fu-
ture, all.

Tim. This gentleman of mine hath serv'd me long;
To build his fortune, I will strain a little,
For 'tis a bond in men.

Give him thy daughter:

1 Should we not read When he most needs me?"

2 Johnson says this thought is better expressed by Dr. Madden in his Elegy on Archbishop Boulter :More than they ask'd he gave; and deem'd it mean Only to help the poor-to beg again.'

It is said that Dr. Madden gave Johnson ten guineas for correcting this poem.

3 See note on King Richard III. Act iii. Sc. 2.
4 It appears to me that a word is omitted in this line.
Perhaps we should read:--

Therefore he will be [rewarded,] Timon;
His honesty rewards him in itself,
It must not bear iny daughter.

It is true that Shakspeare often uses elliptical phrases,
and this has been thought to mean:- You say the man
is honest; therefore he will continue to be so, and is sure
of being sufficiently rewarded by the consciousness of
virtue; he does not need the additional blessing of a
beautiful and accomplished wife.' But it must not
bear my daughter,' means, His honesty is its own re-
ward, it must not carry my daughter.' A similar ex-
pression occurs in Othello :-

• What a full fortune does the thick-lips owo If he can carry her thus.'

Painting is welcome.
The painting is almost the natural man;
For since dishonour traffics with man's nature,
He is but outside: These pencill'd figures are
Even such as they give out. I like your work
And
you shall find, I like it: wait attendance
Till you hear further from me.

Pain.
The gods preserve you!
Tim. Well fare you, gentlemen: Give me your
hand;

We must needs dine together.-Sir, your jewel
Hath suffer'd under praise.

Jew.

What, my lord? dispraise?
Tim. A mere satiety of commendations.
If I should pay you for't as 'tis extoll'd,
It would unclew me quite.

Jew.

My lord, 'tis rated

As those, which sell, would give: But you well

know,

Things of like value, differing in the owners,
Are prized by their masters believe 't, dear lord,
You'mend the jewel by wear ng it.

Tim.

Well mock'd. Mer. No, my good lord; he speaks the common tongue,

Which all men speak with him.

Tim. Look, who comes here. Will you be chid ?
Enter APEMANTUS.

Jew. We will bear, with your lordship.

Mer.
He'll spare none,
Tim. Good morrow to thee, gentle Apemantus!
Apem. Till I be gentle, stay thou for thy good

morrow;

When thou art Timon's dog, and these knaves honest,10

Tim. Why dost thou call them knaves? thou know'st them not.

Apem. Are they not Athenians?

Tim. Yes.

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Have theirs, themselves, and what is theirs in compt,
To make their audit at your highness' pleasure,
Still to return your own.'

6 Pictures have no hypocrisy; they are what they profess to be.

7 To unclew a man is to draw out the whole mass of his fortunes. To unclew being to unwind a ball of thread.

possessor is held.
8 Are rated according to the esteem in which their

cian, in his Auction of the Philosophers; and how well
9 See this character of a cynic finely drawn by Lu
Shakspeare has copied it.

10 Stay for thy good morrow till I be gentle, which will happen at the same time when thou art Timon's dog, and these knaves honest,'—¡, e, never.

192

TIMON OF ATHENS

Tim. Whither art going?
Apem. To knock out an honest Athenian's brains.
Tim. That's a deed thou'lt die for.
Apem. Right, if doing nothing be death by the law.
Tim. How likest thou this picture, Apemantus?
Apem. The best for the innocence.

Tim. Wrought he not well, that painted it? Apem. He wrought better, that made the painter; and yet he's but a filthy piece of work.

Pain. You are a dog.

Apem. Thy mother's of my generation; What's she, if I be a dog?

Tim. Wilt dine with me, Apemantus?

Apem. No; I eat not lords.

Tim. An thou should'st, thou'dst anger ladies. Apem. O, they eat lords: so they come by great bellies.

Tim. That's a lascivious apprehension.

Apem. So thou apprehend'st it: Take it for thy labour.

Tim. How dost thou like this jewel, Apemantus?
Apem. Not so well as plain-dealing, which will

not cost a man a doit.

Tim. What dost thou think 'tis worth?

And all this court'sy! The strain of man's bred out
Into baboon and monkey.

Alcib. Sir, you have sav'd my longing, and I feed
Most hungrily on your sight.

Tim.

Right welcome, sir:
Ere we depart,' we'll share a bounteous time
In different pleasures. Pray you, let us in.
[Exeunt all but APEMANTUS
Enter two Lords.

1 Lord. What time a day is't, Apemantus ?
Apem. Time to be honest.

1 Lord. That time serves still.

Apem. The most accursed thou, that still omit'st it.
2 Lord. Thou art going to Lord Timon's feast.
Apem. Ay; to see meat fill knaves, and wine
heat fools.

2 Lord. Fare thee well, fare thee well.
Apem. Thou art a fool, to bid me farewell twice.
2 Lord. Why, Apemantus?

Apem. Should have kept one to thyself, for I
1 Lord. Hang thyself.
mean to give thee none.

Apem. No, I will do nothing at thy bidding; make

Apem. Not worth my thinking.-How now, poet? thy requests to thy friend.
Poet. How now, philosopher?

Apem. Thou liest.

Poet. Art not one?

Apem. Yes.

Poet. Then I lie not.

Apem. Art not a poet?
Poet. Yes.

Apem. Then thou hest look in thy last work, where thou hast feign d him a worny fellow. Poet. That's not feign'd ne is so.

Apem. Yes, he is wortav of thee, and to pay thee for thy labour: He that loves to be flattered, is worthy o' the flatterer. Heavens, that I were a Jord!

Tim. What would'st do then, Apemantus? Apem. Even as Apemantus does now, hate a lord with my heart.

Tim. What, thyself?

Apem. Ay.

Tim. Wherefore?

Apem. That I had no angry wit to be a lord.2Art not thou a merchant?

Mer. Av, Apemantus.

Apem. Traffic confound thee, if the gods will not!
Mer. If traffic do it, the gods do it.

Apem. Traffic's thy god, and thy god confound

thee.

us.

Trumpets sound. Enter a Servant.
Tim. What trumpet's that?
'Tis Alcibiades, and
Serv.
Some twenty horse, all of companionship.'
Tim. Pray, entertain them; give them guide to
[Exeunt some Attendants.
You must needs dine with me:-Go not you hence,
Till I have thank'd you;-and, when dinner's done,
Show me this piece.-I am joyful of your sights.
Enter ALCIBIADES, with his Company.
[They salute.
Most welcome, sir'
Apem.
So, so; there!-
Aches contract and starve your supple joints!—
That there should be small love 'mongst these sweet
knaves,

1 Alluding to the proverb: Plain-dealing is a jewel,
but they who use it die beggars.

2 This line is corrupt undoubtedly, and none of the emendations or substitutions that have been proposed are satisfactory. Perhaps we should read, That I had (now angry) wish'd to be a lord: or, That I had (so angry) will to be a lord.' Malone proposed to point the passage thus, That I had no angry wit. To be a lord!' and explains it, That I had no wit (or discretion] in my anger, but was at surd enough to wish myself one of that set of men, whom I despise.' These are the best helps I can afford the reader towards a solution of this enigmatical passage, and it must be confessed they are feeble.

3i. e. Alcibiades' companions, or such as he consorts with and sets on a level with himself.

2 Lord. Away, unpeaceable dog, or I'll spurn thee hence.

Apem. I will fly, like a dog, the heels of the ass. [Exit.

1 Lord. He's opposite to humanity. Come, shall
we in,

And taste Lord Timon's bounty? he outgoes
The very
heart of kindness.

2 Lord. He pours it out; Plutus, the god of gold,
Is but his steward: no meed, but he repays
Sevenfold above itself; no gift to him,
But breeds the giver a return exceeding
All use of quittance.
1 Lord.

The noblest mind he carries, That ever govern'd man.

2 Lord. Long may he live in fortunes! Shall we in? 1 Lord. I'll keep you company.

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My father's age, and call him to long peace.
He is gone happy, and has left me rich:
Then, as in grateful virtue I am bound
To your free heart, I do return those talents,
Doubled, with thanks, and service, from whose help
I deriv'd' liberty.
O, by no means,
Honest Ventidius: you mistake my love;
I gave it freely ever; and there's none
Can truly say, he gives, if he receives:
If our betters play at that game, we must not dare
To imitate them; Faults that are rich, are fair."
Ven. A noble spirit.

[They all stand ceremoniously looking on
TIMON.

4 Man is degenerated; his strain or lineage is worn down into a monkey.

5 It has been before observed that to depart and to part
So in King John, Act i
were anciently synonymous.
Sc. 2-Hath willingly departed with a part.'
6 Ritson says we should read:-

The more accursed thou."
The more degenerate and base art thou.'
So in The Two Gentlemen of Verona :---
7 Meed here means desert.

8 i. e. all the customary returns made in discharge of obligations.

9 The faults of rich persons, and which contribute to the increase of riches, wear a plausible appearance, and as the world goes are thought fair; but they are faults notwithstanding.'

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I come to have thee thrust me out of doors.
Tim. Fye, thou art a churl: you have got a humour
there

Does not become a man, 'tis much to blame :-
They say, my lords, ira furor brevis est,
But yond' man's ever angry.2

Go, let him have a table by himself;
For he does neither affect company,
Nor is he fit for it, indeed.

3

Apem. Let me stay at thine apperil, Timon; I come to observe; I give thee warning on't. Tim. I take no heed of thee; thou art an Athenian ; therefore welcome: I myself would have no power: pr'ythee, let my meat make thee silent.* Apem. I scorn thy meat; 'twould choke me, for I should

Ne'er flatter thee.-O you gods! what a number
Of men eat Timon, and he sees them not!
It grieves me, to see so many dip their meat
In one man's blood; and all the madness is,
He cheers them up too.

I wonder, men dare trust themselves with men :
Methinks they should invite them without knives;
Good for their meat, and safer for their lives.
There's much example for't; the fellow, that
Sits next him now, parts bread with him, and pledges
The breath of him in a divided draught,

Is the readiest man to kill him: it has been prov'd

If I

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round.

2 Lord. Let it flow this way, my good lord. Apem. Flow this way! A brave fellow!-he keeps his tides well. Timon,11 Those healths will make thee, and thy state, look ill. Here's that, which is too weak to be a sinner, Honest water, which ne'er left man i' the mire: This, and my food, are equals; there's no odds. Feasts are too proud to give thanks to the gods.

1 There seems to be some allusion to a common proverbial saying of Shakspeare's time, Confess and be hanged. See Othello, Act iv. Sc. 1.

2 The old copy reads Yond' man's very angry.' 3 Steevens and Malone dismissed apperil from the text, and inserted own peril: but Mr. Gifford has shown that the word occurs several times in Ben Jonson:'Sir, I will bail you at mine own upperil. Devil is an Ass.

4 'I myself would have no power to make thee silent, but I wish thou wouldst let my meat stop your mouth.' 5 For in the sense of cause or because.

6 It grieves me to see so many feed luxuriously, or sauce their meat at the expense of one man, whose very blood (means of living) must at length be exhausted by them; and yet he preposterously encourages them to proceed in his destruction.'

7 It was the custom in old times for every guest to bring his own knife, which he occasionally whetted on a stone that hung behind the door. One of these whetstones was formerly to be seen in Parkinson's Museum. It is scarcely necessary to observe that they were strangers to the use of forks.

8 The windpipe's notes' were the indications in the throat of its situation when in the act of drinking; it should be remembered that our ancestors' throats were uncovered. Perhaps, as Steevens observes, a quibble is intended on windpipe and notes. Z

APEMANTUS'S GRACE. Immortal gods, I crave no pelf; I pray for no man, but myself: Grant I may never prove so fond, 19 To trust man on his oath or bond Or a harlot, for her weeping; Or a dog, that seems a sleeping: Or a keeper, with my freedom

Or my friends, if I should need 'em. Amen. So fall to't:

Rich men sin, and I eat root.

[Eats and drinks. Much good dich thy good heart, Apemantus! Tim. Captain Alcibiades, your heart's in the field

now.

Alcib. My heart is ever at your service, my lord. Tim. You had rather be at a breakfast of enemies, than a dinner of friends.

Alcib. So they were bleeding new, my lord, there's no meat like them; I could wish my best friend at such a feast.

Apem. 'Would all those flatterers were thine enemies then; that then thou might'st kill 'em, and bid me to 'em.

1 Lord. Might we but have that happiness, my lord, that you would once use our hearts, whereby we might express some part of our zeals, we should think ourselves for ever perfect."

Tim. O, no doubt, my good friends, but the gods themselves have provided that I shall have much help from you: How had you been my friends else? why have you that charitable' title from thousands, did you not chiefly belong to my heart? I have told more of you to myself, than you can with moconfirm you. O, you gods, think I, what need we desty speak in your own behalf; and thus far I have any friends, if we should never have need of should we ne'er have use for them: and would most them? they were the most needless creatures living, resemble sweet instruments hung up in cases, that

keep their sounds to themselves. Why, I have often wished myself poorer, that I might come nearer to you. We are born to do benefits: and what better or properer can we call our own, than the riches of our friends? O, what a precious comfort 'tis to have so many, like brothers, commanding one anobe born!15 Mine eyes cannot hold out water, ther's fortunes! O joy, e'en made away ere it can methinks to forget their faults, I drink to you.

Apem. Thou weepest to make them drink, Timon. 2 Lord. Joy had the like conception in our eyes, And, at that instant, like a babe sprung up.

Apem. Ho, ho! I laugh to think that babe a bastard. 3 Lord. I promise you, my lord, you mov'd me much.

Apem. Much!16

[Tucket sounded Tim. What means that trump?-How now?

9 i. e. armour.

10 My lord's health in sincerity. So in Chaucer's Knightes Tale:

'And was all his in chere, as his in herte."

11 This speech, except the concluding couplet, is printed as prose in the old copy, nor could it be exhibited as verse without transposing the word Timon, which fol lows look ill, to its present place. Ithink with Malone that many of the speeches in this play, which are now exhibited in a loose and imperfect kind of metre, were intended by Shakspeare for prose, in which form they are exhibited in the old copy.

12 Foolish.

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not

Depraved, or depraves? who dies, that bears
Not one spurn to their graves of their friends' gift?
I should fear, those, that dance before me now,
Would one day stamp upon me: It has been done;
Men shut their doors against a setting sun.
The Lords rise from table with much adoring of
TIMON; and, to show their loves, each singles out
an Amazon, and all dance, men with women, a
lofty strain or two to the hautboys, and cease.
Tim. You have done our pleasures much grace,

fair ladies,

Set a fair fashion on our entertainment,
Which was not half so beautiful and kind;
You have added worth unto't, and lively lustre,
And entertain'd me with mine own device;
I am to thank you for it.

1 Lady. My lord, you take us even at the best. Apem. 'Faith, for the worst is filthy; and would not hold taking, I doubt me.

Tim. Ladies, there is an idle banquet* Attends you: Please you to dispose yourselves. All Lad. Most thankfully, my lord. [Exeunt CUPID and Ladies.

Tim. Flavius,Flav. My lord. Tim. The little casket bring me hither. Flav. Yes, my lord.-More jewels yet! There is no crossing him in his humour Else I should tell him,-Well,-i'faith, Í should,

[Aside.

1 Shakspeare probably borrowed this idea from the puritanical writers of his time. Thus Stubbes, in his Anatomie of Abuses, 8vo. 1583, Dauncers thought to be madmen. And as in all feasts and pastimes dauncing is the last, so it is the extream of all other vice.' And again, There were (saith Ludovicus Vives) from far countries certain men brought into our parts of the world, who when they saw men daunce, ran away marvellously afraid, crying out and thinking them mad,' &c. Perhaps the thought originated from the following passage in Cicero, Pro Murena 6, Nemo enim fere sal tat sobrius, nisi forte insanit,

2 The glory of this life is like [or just such] madness, in the eye of reason, as this pomp appears when opposed to the frugal repast of a philosopher feeding on

oil and roots.'

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3 i. e. you have conceived the fairest of us,' or 'you think favourably of our performance, and make the best of it.'

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2 Serv. May it please your honour, the Lord Lucius,

Out of his free love, hath presented to you
Four milk-white horses, trapp'd in silver.

Tim. I shall accept them fairly: let the presents
Enter a third Servant.

Be worthily entertain'd.-How now, what news? 3 Serv. Please you, my lord, that honourable gentleman, Lord Lucullus, entreats your company to-morrow to hunt with him; and has sent your honour two brace of greyhounds.

Tim. I'll hunt with him; And let them be receiv'd, Not without fair reward.

Flav. [Aside.]

What will this come to? He commands us to provide, and give

Great gifts, and all out of an empty coffer.
Nor will he know his purse; or yield me this,
To show him what a beggar his heart is,
Being of no power to make his wishes good;
His promises fly so beyond his state,

That what he speaks is all in debt, he owes
For every word; he is so kind, that he now
Pays interest for't; his land's put to their books,
Well, 'would I were gently put out of office,
Before I were forc'd out!

Happier is he that has no friend to feed,
Than such as do even enemies exceed.
I bleed inwardly for my lord.

Tim.

[Exit. You do yourselves Much wrong, you bate too much of your own merits :Here, my lord, a trifle of our love.

2 Lord. With more than common thanks I will receive it.

3 Lord. O, he is the very soul of bounty! Tim. And now I remember, my lord, you gave

4 So in Romeo and Juliet:

'We have a foolish trifling supper towards.'

5 An equivoque is here intended, in which cross'd means have his hand crossed with money, or have money in his possession, and to be cross'd or thwarted. So in As You Like It, Yet I should bear no cross if I did bear you.' Many coins being marked with a cross on the reverse.

6Tis pity bounty [i. e. profusion] has not eyes behind [to see the miseries that follow it]; that man might not become wretched for his nobleness of soul." 7 i. e. prefer it, raise it to honour by wearing it. Jeweller says to Timon in the preceding scene, 'You mend the jewel by wearing it.'

The

8 Steevens, to complete the measure, proposed to read :'I pr'ythee, let us be provided straight?

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All Lords.

None so welcome.
Tim. I take all and your several visitations
So kind to heart, 'tis not enough to give;
Methinks I could deal' kingdoms to my friends,
And ne'er be weary.-Alcibiades,

Thou art a soldier, therefore seldom rich,
It comes in charity to thee: for all thy living
Is 'mongst the dead: and all the lands thou hast
Lie in a pitch'd field.
Alcib.

Ay, defiled land, my lord.
1 Lord. We are so virtuously bound,-
Tim.
And so

Am I to you.

2 Lord.

So infinitely endeared

Tim. All to you.2-Lights, more lights.
1 Lord.
The best of happiness,
Honour, and fortunes, keep with you, Lord Timon!
Tim. Ready for his friends.
[Exeunt ALCIBIADES, Lords, &c.
Apem.
What a coil's here!
Serving of becks,' and jutting out of bums!
I doubt whether their legs be worth the sums
That are given for 'em. Friendship's full of dregs:
Methinks, false hearts should never have sound legs.
Thus honest fools lay out their wealth on court'sies.
Tim. Now, Apemantus, if thou wert not sullen,
I'd be good to thee.

Apem. No, I'll nothing: for, if I should be brib'd too, there would be none left to rail upon thee; and then thou would'st sin the faster. Thou givest so long, Timon, I fear me, thou wilt give away thyself in paper shortly: What need these feasts, pomps, and vain glories?

Tim. Nay, an you begin to rail on society once, I am sworn, not to give regard to you. Farewell; and come with better music. [Exit.

Apem. So;-thou'lt not hear me now,-thou shalt not then, I'll lock thy heaven from thee. O, that men's ears should be

To counsel deaf, but not to flattery!

[Exit.

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He owes nine thousand; besides my former sum,
Which makes it five and twenty.-Still in motion.
Of raging waste? It cannot hold; it will not.
If I want gold, steal but a beggar's dog,
And give it Timon, why the dog coins gold:
If I would sell my horse, and buy twenty more
Better than he, why, give my horse to Timon,
Ask nothing, give it him, it foals me straight,
And able horses: No porter at his gate;"
But rather one that smiles, and still invites
All that pass by. It cannot hold; no reason
Can sound his state in safety. Caphis, ho!
Caphis, I say!

Caph.

Enter CAPHIS.

Here, sir; what is your pleasure?
Sen. Get on your cloak, and haste you to Lord
Timon;

Importune him for my moneys; be not ceas'd1o
With slight denial; nor then silenc'd, when-
Commend me to your master-and the cap
Plays in the right hand, thus :-but tell him, sirrah
My uses cry to me, I must serve my turn
Out of mine own; his days and times are past,
And my reliances on his fracted dates
Have smit my credit: I love and honour him;
But must not break my back, to heal his finger:
Immediate are my needs; and my relief
Must not be toss'd and turn'd to me in words,
But find supply immediate. Get you gone:
Put on a most importunate aspect,
A visage of demand; for, I do fear,
When every feather sticks in his own wing,
Lord Timon will be left a naked gull,11
Which12 flashes now a phoenix. Get you gone.
Caph. I go, sir.

Sen. I go, sir?-take the bonds along with you,
And have the dates in compt.
Caph.
I will, sir.
Sen.

Go. [Exeunt.

SCENE II. The same. A Hall in Timon's House,
Enter FLAVIUS, with many Bills in his hand.
Flav. No care, no stop! so senseless of expense,

1 i. e. could dispense them on every side with an un-That he will neither know how to maintain it, grudging distribution.

2 That is, all good wishes to you,' or 'all happi-Nor cease his flow of riot: Takes no account ness attend you.'

3 A beck is a nod or salutation with the head. Steevens says that beck has four distinct significations,' but they will resolve themselves into two. Beck, a rivulet, or little river; and beck, a motion or sign with the head; signa capitis voluntatem ostendens. This last may be either a nod of salutation, of assent or dissent, or finally of command.

4 He plays upon the word leg, as it signifies a limb, and a bow or act of obeisance.

5 Warburton explained this, be ruined by his securities entered into.' Dr. Farmer would read proper, i. e. I suppose, in propria persona. Steevens supports this reading by a quotation from Roy's Satire on Cardinal Wolsey :

their order

Is to have nothing in proper,
But to use all thynges in commune.'

6 By his heaven he means good advice; the only thing by which he could be saved.

How things go from him ; nor resumes no care
Of what is to continue; Never mind
Was to be so unwise, to be so kind.11
What shall be done? He will not hear, till feel:
I must be round with him now he comes from hunt-
ing.
Fye, fye, fye, fye!

9 Johnson altered this to found his state in safety.' But the reading of the folio is evidently sound, which I think will bear explanation thus:- No reason can proclaim his state in safety, or not dangerous.' So in King Henry VIII. Act v. Sc. 2:

'Pray heaven he sound not my disgrace!
10 Be not stayed or stopped :—

Why should Tiberius' liberty be ceased
Claudius Tiberius Nero, 1607.
11 This passage has been thus explained by Roger
Wilbraham, Esq. in his Glossary of words used in
Cheshire: Guil, s. a naked gull; so are called all

7 The commentators have made difficulties about
this passage, which appears to me quite plain and intel-nestling birds in quite an unfledged state.'
ligible without a comment. If I give my horse to
Timon, it immediately foals, i. e. produces me several

able horses.'

8 Sternness was the characteristic of a porter. There appeared at Kenilworth Castle, [1575] a porter tall of parson, big of lim, and stearn of countinauns.' The word one, in the second line, does not refer to porter, but means a person. He has no stern forbidding porter at his gate to keep people out, but a person who smiles and invites them in

12 Which for who. The pronoun relative applied to things is frequently used for the pronoun relative ap plied to persons, by old writers, and does not seem to have been thought a grammatical error. It is still pre served in the Lord's prayer.

13 This is elliptically expressed :—
Never mind

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Was [made] to be so unwise [in order] to be so kind,ꞌ Conversation, as Johnson observes, affords many examples of similar lax expression

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