be the same Power, as the first little horn; notwithstanding they resemble each other in the circumstance of their alike being notoriously antichristian tyrannies. For to suppose their identity would not only be to impute to Daniel a superfluous repetition : but, what is much worse, it would be to charge him with a manifest incongruity of description and with a plain disregard of chronology.

The ten-horned wild-beast, from which the first little horn springs, is clearly the Roman Empire : and the four-horned he-goat, from one of whose notable horns the second little horn springs, is no less clearly the Macedonian or Grecian Empire. But it is incongruous to describe the same Power as the germinating little horn of two different beasts or Empires : for, as the symbolical imagery of Daniel is borrowed from the physical economy of animals, it would be a monstrous zoological anomaly to describe the same horn as growing upon the heads of two different beasts. Accordingly, no such ill-digested opinion will derive any support from history. The characteristic marks of the first little horn, which springs from the head of the Roman wild-beast, are such, whether personal or chronological or geographical, as to leave no reasonable ground for doubting that it is the symbol of the Papacy. But the Papacy, which sprang up out of the proper Roman Empire agreeably to the prediction, most assuredly did not spring up out of the Grecian or Macedonian Empire. Therefore the two little horns of the two beasts cannot be

the Apostasy, and is allowed to domineer over the eastern apostates on account of their Apostasy. Therefore the two little horns cannot be identical.

(2.) What, then, is the Power, symbolised by the second little horn or the little horn of the Grecian he-goat ?

From three very distinctly specified characteristics, this question may, I think, be answered, even before we proceed to examine the more minute circumstantial particulars detailed by the prophet.

Let us begin with noticing the geographical characteristic of the second little horn.

Since the ten-horned beast symbolizes the Roman Empire; since, in the configuration of that beast, which (as severally pourtrayed by Daniel and St. John) swallowed up and comprehended the Empires of all its three predecessors, the ten horns geographically express the peculiar and exclusive Empire of the Romans ; and since the little horn of that beast springs up behind and among the ten larger horns : we must evidently look for the little Roman horn in the same quarter, where we look for its ten larger companions; that is to say, we must seek it in the west. Accordingly, we have there found a Power, which exactly corresponds with the prophetic description of the first little horn, in every particular both chronological and personal. Hence, analogically, since the fourhorned he-goat symbolises the Grecian Empire; and since those two principal horns, which soon swallowed up the two others or at least reduced

them to insignificance, were seated in Egypt and Syria: we must obviously look for the second little horn, which was to spring up behind the dominions. of one of the four conspicuous horns, in the opposite region of the EAST. In fact, if we seek it behind the Macedonian horn in the west instead of behind the Syrian horn in the east, we shall encroach upon the proper Roman Empire, which is the peculiar stage of action allotted to the first little horn; an arrangement, alike contradicted by history and geography and chronology.

Such is the geographical characteristic of the second little horn; it is to arise in the EAST: let us next attend to its personal characteristic.

The first little horn, or the little horn of the Roman beast, typifies (as we have seen) a spiritual or ecclesiastical kingdom; which small as it was originally, became in process of time a great spiritual or ecclesiastical Empire, symbolised in the Apocalypse by a two-horned lamb-like beast'. Hence, unless we wholly depart from the radically vital principle of homogeneous interpretation, the second little horn, or the little horn of the Grecian he-goat, must also represent a spiritual or ecclesiastical kingdom which, small as it was originally, soon waxed very great toward the south and toward the east and toward the pleasant land or the land of Judèa; a description, which plainly makes the EAST (as we have already concluded) to be the peculiar

1 Rev. xiii. 11—17.