ante (taking also the form anti); before. Antecedent (cedo, I go; going before), antediluvian (diluvium, a flood; before the food), anticipate (capio, I take; to take before). Anteroom, antechapel.

This prefix must not be confounded with the Greek preposition, anti, against; as in Antichrist, antipathy, anticlimax. apud; near, at, with.

circum (taking also the form circu); round, around. Circumference (fero, I bear or carry; that which is carried round, the measure round a circle), circuit (eo, I go; a going round, the extent round anything). Circumambient, circumflex, circumfuse, circumlocution, circumnavigate, circumscribe.

circa; around, about.

circiter; about.

cis; on this side of.

Cis-alpine (on this side of the Alps). citra; on this side of (a longer form of cis).

clam; unknown to. Clancular (secret).

contra (taking also the forms contro, counter); against. Contrast (sto, I stand; to stand against, to place in opposition), counterbalance (to balance against). Contradict, contradistinguish, contravene, contrary, controvert, counterfeit, countermine, counteract.

cum (taking in English the forms co, col, com, con, according to the sound of the next letter); with, together with. Cooperate (opus, a work; to work with), colloquy (loquor, I speak; a speaking with, conference), compel (pello, I drive; to drive together, to force), connect (necto, I tie; to tie together, unite). Co-ordinate, collect, colleague, collision, collateral, command, common, commit, commerce, conceal, concert, conclude, congeal, conspire.

de; from, concerning, of (in English words this prefix often has the force of "down"). Descend (scando, I climb; to climb down or from, to go or come down), describe (scribo, I write; to write down or concerning). Defer, decline, decide, decease, decay, declivity, dejection, denominate, deplore, depend.

e (taking also the forms ef, ex, according to the sound of the following letter); out of, from. Eject (jacio, I throw; to throw out), effect (facio, I make; to make out, produce), extract (traho, I draw; to draw out). Elect, evince, educe, effulgent, efface, effigy, effluence, export, exhibit, expect, explain, extend. The prefix ec, as in eclipse, eccentric, is from the Greek preposition, ek.

erga; towards.

extra; outside of, beyond. Extraordinary (ordo, order; out of order, beyond the lines or ranks), extravagant (vagor, I wander; wandering beyond the bounds).

in (taking also the forms im, il, ir); in, into. Invade (vado, I go; to go into, enter as an enemy), imbibe (bibo, I drink; to drink in). Incite, indent, increase, impress, improve, irrigate, illustrate. infra, below.

inter; between, among. Intercede (cedo, I go; to go between, mediate), interject (jacio, I throw; to throw between). Interchange, intervene, international, interfere, interpose, intersect, interweave.

intra (taking in English the form intro); within. Introduce (duco, I lead; to lead in). Intromit, introvert. juxta; next to, nigh to.

to).

Juxtaposition (a being placed near

ob (taking also the forms oc, of, op); over against, against. Object (jacio, I throw; to throw against, urge against), occur (curro, I run; to run against, to come into the mind), offer (fero, I bear, carry; to bear over against, present), oppose (pono, I place; to place against, or in the way of). Obstacle, oblation, occupy, occasion, offence, oppress.

palam; in the sight of, in the presence of. penes; in the power of.

per (taking also the form pel when followed by 1); through. Pervade (vado, I go; to pass through), pellucid (luceo, I shine; shining through, pervious to the light, very clear). Pertain, persecute, perspire, perfect, perform.

pone; behind.

post; after, behind. Postpone (pono, I place; to place behind), postscript (scribo, I write; that which is written after). Postdiluvian, posthumous, postmeridian.

prae (taking in English the form pre); before. Precede (cedo, I go; to go before), predict (dico, I speak ; to say beforehand). Prevent, preside, prelude, prelate, prefect.

praeter; beside, past (taking in English the form preter). Pretermit (mitto, I send ; to send beside, pass by), preternatural (past or beyond what is natural). Preterperfect.

pro (taking also the form por); before, for. Produce (duco, I lead; to lead before or forth), portray (traho, I draw; to draw forth, describe, paint). Provide, project, prolong, protect,

provoke.

prope; near.

propter; on account of, nigh.

secundum; next, according to.

sine; without. Sinecure (cura, care; without care, an office which has revenue without employment).

sub (taking also the forms suc, suf, sug, sup, sur, sus); under. Subaqueous (aqua, water; lying under water), succour (curro, I run; to run under, to help), suffer (fero, I bear, carry; to be under for the purpose of bearing, to bear), suggest (gero, I bear or bring; to bring under, in the way of hint), support (porto, I carry; to be under for the purpose of carrying), surrogate (rogo, I ask; one who is asked to go under or in the place of another, a deputy), sustain (teneo, I hold; to be under for the purpose of holding up, to bear). Subordinate, subscribe, succeed, suffice, supplant, suspend.

subter; under. Subterfuge (fugio, I flee; flying under, evasion).

super (taking also the form sur); over, upon. Superscribe (scribo, I write; to write over), survey (video, I see; to see over, view), surname (a name over or above, an additional name).

supra; above. Supramundane (mundus, the world; being above the world, heavenly).

tenus; as far as.

trans (taking also the form tra); across, beyond. Transport (porto, I carry; to carry across, or away), transplant (to carry away and plant somewhere else), tradition (do, I give; that which is given or handed down to us across the ages which have passed). Transfigure, transpose, transmigrate, transmit, transatlantic, traverse, traduce.

ultra; beyond. Ultramontane (mons, a mountain; beyond the mountains, i.e. the Alps). Ultramarine, ultramundane. versus, or versum; towards.

The above is a complete list of the Latin prepositions. There are a few other English prefixes derived from a Latin source. With these the pupil should be acquainted; we therefore subjoin a list of them.

Bene; well. Benediction (dico, I speak; a speaking well, blessing). Benefactor, benefit, benevolent.

Bis, or bi; twice. Biscuit (coquo, I cook; a twice baked, i.e. hard baked substance), biped (pes, a foot; an animal with two feet). Bissextile, binomial, bifurcated.

Dis, di, or dif; asunder. Disunite, disobey, disorder, dilute (luo, I wash; to wash asunder, make thin), differ (fero, I bear; to bear asunder, separate). Diffuse, digest.

In, ig, im or ir; not. Inactive, ineffectual, inexhaustible, impenetrable, impossible, impregnable, ignoble (not noble), ignominious (nomen, a name; without a name, unknown, obscure, dishonourable), irregular.

This prefix is usually employed in the formation of adjectives. It must be carefully distinguished from the preposition "in," which means in or into, and is generally used in the formation of verbs.

Non; not. Nonsense, nonconformist, nonentity, nonsuit, nondescript.

Pene, or pen; almost. syllable but one in a word).

Penultimate (ultimus, last; the last
Peninsula.

Retro; backwards, back. ing back, review of the past).

Retrospect (specio, I see; a look-
Retrograde, retrocession.

Re or red (before a vowel) back, or again. Return (to turn back), recline (clino, I bend; to lean back), redeem (emo, I buy ; to buy back). Reconsider, redolent, reflect.

Se; aside, apart. Seduce (duco, I lead; to lead aside, or out of the right way), secede, seclude, separate.

He

The pupil should carefully examine each example we have given, look out its meaning and derivation in his dictionary, and observe particularly the force of the Latin preposition. should also form other lists of examples for himself, and become familiar with the use of the prefixes in as many words as possible. A copious list of Latin, Greek, and other roots is given in our book for Fourth Year.

PARSING AND ANALYSIS OF SEN

TENCES.

These subjects have been fully treated in the preceding volumes of this Course. The following examples are taken from Government Examination Papers. Some notes are given for the assistance of the pupil. Nos. 5 and 11 are answered fully. "Alas! and is domestic strife-

(1)

That sorest ill of human life—
A plague so little to be feared
As to be wantonly incurred

To gratify a fretful passion

On every trivial provocation?"-Cowper.

Point out the enlargements of the subject and predicate that occur in the above passage. Parse the words in italics.

Here the sentence in its simple form is "Strife is a plague." The enlargements of the subject are: "domestic," "that sorest ill of human life."

The enlargements of the predicate are : so little to be feared as to be wantonly incurred to gratify a fretful passion on every trivial provocation." The article "a" may also be regarded as an enlargement of the predicate.