2. Definition of matter in its three forms-gaseous, liquid and solid. A chemist confines his attention to homogeneous forms of matter; importance of mass (weight) as a measure of matter; all matter, without an exception, is subject to chemical change. By continuing the chemical changes, which result in a lighter form of matter, chemists are led to a limited number of forms which can not be made to give any lighter matter. These forms of matter have distinct spectra as gases. From these in almost all cases the original matter may be constructed. They are therefore called the Elements. 3. The names of the Elements-The laws of combination of the Elements in Definite Proportion, Multiple Proportion, Reciprocal Proportion. Dalton's theory that the Elements are composed of atoms explains these laws. The use and meaning of the term molecule. The use of symbols to denote atoms and molecules, and the use of equations to denote chemical change. 4. Dalton's theory does not admit of practical application unless we have the means of measuring the number of atoms in a molecule. Dalton assumed that he knew this number, e.g. H O for water. Chemists solve the problem by Avogadro's Law, that "equal volumes of gases, measured at the same temperature and pressure, contain the same number of molecules, and therefore weigh in the ratio of the weights of these molecules," deduced from the physical laws of gases, and from their relative densities as compared with their combining weights, and also from the laws of combination by volume. 5. The study of the combination of the Elements, Hydrogen and Chlorine, gives proof that the molecule of Hydrogen contains two parts. The study of the compound Hydrogen Chloride convinces chemists that these parts are indivisible, and therefore atoms. Hydrogen is therefore sepresented by the symbol H2. 6. Hence, that volume of any gas will weigh its molecular weight in any system of weight, which weighs two units of weight when filled with hydrogen gas at the same temperature and pressure. Thus 22.327 litres at 0° C., and 760 mm. Bar. of Hydrogen, weigh two grams, and of any other gas its molecular weight in grams. In like manner 377 cubic feet at 60° F., and 30 inches Bar. of Hydrogen weigh 2 lbs., and therefore this volume of any gas at some temperature and pressure weighs its molecular weight in lbs. avoirdupois. 7. Chemists have agreed to take the least weight of any element found in such a molecular weight as the weight of the atom. 8. The law of the specific heat of the elements may be used to determine atomic weight. 9. Classification of the elements by their atomic weight and by the chemical character of their compounds. Outlines of Mendelejeff's classification. Allotropic modifications of the elements. Valency. 10. The relations of acids, salts and bases. Nomenclature. 11. The law of isomorphism; its application to the determination of atomic weight, 12. The conditions of chemical combination. Heat as cause and result of chemical action. 13. Many of the physical properties of bodies may be traced to the properties of the individual atoms. Molecular volume of solids and liquids. 14. The following selection of the elements, with their most characteristic compounds may be studied in illustration of the outlines of Mendeljeff's classification of the elements :- Mathematics. Second Class (Pass Matriculation) Examination. Arithmetic. The examination will cover the whole course. Algebra. Elementary rules; factoring; highest common measure; lowest common multiple ; square root; cube root; fractions; ratio; indices; surds; simple equations of one, two and three unknown quantities; quadratic equations. Euclid.-Books 1, 2 and 3. While the examination paper will consist in part of book work, its special object will be the determination of the extent to which candidates have mastered the principles of the subject rather than of their familiarity with the text in its usual form, and will include easy deductions illustrative of such principles. Commercial Course. Under departmental regulation 51, a commercial course is prescribed for the first form of high schools. In order to define more clearly the limits of this course and to indicate the scope of the examination, the following syllabus has been prepared by the Education Department for the guidance of candidates and high school masters : Writing. To take a correct position at the desk, and to hold the pen properly; to be familiar with the finger, forearm or muscular, whole arm and combined movements, and also with the exercises most suitable for each; to combine the elements so as to form the letters correctly; to analyze the letters; to combine letters so as to form words, paying attention to slant, spacing, height, shading, etc.; to classify letters according to their formation; to write fair ordinary script, and also headings of accounts, invoices, etc. It should be the aim to secure free movement from the first. As there is a tendency on the part of the pupils to use the fingers far too much, the teacher will do well to insist on the practice of the muscular movement. Book-keeping and Commercial Transactions. The nature and object of book-keeping; opening, conducting, and closing accounts, as cash, merchandise, personal and incidental accounts; to work easy exercises and sets, using only one "book of accounts"; to distinguish between the two great classes of accounts; to work out sets, using the day-book, journal and ledger; to take off a trial balance and correct errors; to make out a statement of resources and liabilities and also of losses and gains; to make out a balance sheet; to work out sets by single entry; to change from single to double entry and vice versa, to be familiar with the different kinds of commercial paper-bills, invoices, receipts, orders, due bills, credit notes, checks, promissory notes, chattel notes, accommodation notes, drafts, bills of exchange; the endorsement of notes, checks, etc.; the nature and use of auxilliary books-cash book, bill book, sales book, invoice book, inventory book, bank book, check book; entries for renewing and discounting notes, cross entries, writing off bad debts; the nature and use of the journal, day book, special column journal, special column cash book, petty cash book, petty ledger, private ledger; single and joint shipments, commission sales book, shipment invoices, and account sales; partnership-to open, conduct and close a set of books, branch houses, manufacturing, dealings with banks; correspondence-business letters, telegrams, advertisements, circulars, etc. Précis Writing. To condense correspondence or official documents so as to give what is really important in clear concise language, so methodically arranged that a person who has not time to read the originals may acquaint himself readily with all that is really essential in them. The merit of such a Précis consists in its brevity, completeness, clearness, and judicious arrangement. Indexing. To show how letters, bills, accounts, etc., should be arranged and indexed so as to be easily referred to. On and after July, 1888, the examination in the Commercial Course, as well as in Drawing and Reading, will be as difficult as it has hitherto been for Second Class certifiIn drawing the authorized Drawing books indicate the course fully. cates. List of Subjects and Number of Papers to be set at the Third Class, Second Class, and First Class C Non-Professional Examinations. The Senate of the University at the meeting mentioned adopted the following Schedule of subjects and papers: The following is a list of the By-Laws confirmed during 1887. Township of Barton, By- April 23rd, 1887 Union School Section Ancaster. law No. 234. Number 5. Township of Ancaster, do do Barton Confirmed 9th May, 1887. do Township of Tilbury March 25th, 1887 Sections Nos. 6 & 9. Sections Nos. 2 & 5, Confirmed June 1st, West, By-law No. 227. 1887. Tilbury East. Township of Tilbury April 15th, 1887 Sections Nos. 2 & 5. Sections Nos. 6 & 9, do |