the shoes; so that in that way these great Rochdale cooperati systems have avoided undercutting the market price, and ha thereby saved themselves great deal of opposition which th ordinarily would have aroused.

I should think in this country that the Rochdale system is goir to become permanent, and it is more likely to become permane than any other system that involves a decided profit not only to tl producers but to the consumers; and any bill your committee wou draft would therefore have to contain a very clear analysis of ju what a cooperative society is, and would have to take into co sideration that very question of profits; and if the cooperati societies in this country are organized on the Rochdale system the will certainly be profit in the organization, because that has been o of the fundamental bases of the success of those cooperative societi Senator NORRIS. How often do they distribute these profits amo the members?

Miss HAVER. I do not know how often they are distributed. think it is yearly.

Senator NORRIS. Is it a stock corporation?

Miss HAVER. Yes; the members buy stock, and there is a limitati to the amount of stock which they may buy. The member, howeve has only one vote in the organization, which has been a protecti against control, and I know they tell the story of a woman with ni children, and they ate themselves into a house at the end of a yeɛ As the members buy their goods month after month a bank accou grows to their interest, and at the end of the year they leave th bank account there or divide it; and anyone can buy in a consume: society, whether they are members or not, but they do not get profit. I presume the same thing is true of the selling agencies; th do not get the profit accruing to those who are members of t organization. It has been those safeguards that have meant t success of those organizations. It is stated that one-third of t population of England are members of them. The history of the growth and development is very frequently astonishing. They of their own wheat fields and raise their own products, and they of their own ships and dairies, and are now buying and operating th own factories, and they have gone back almost to the production all the necessities of life; and our organization believes that finally meet this question of the cost of living will necessitate t establishment of entirely new channels of commerce between t producers and consumers; and we feel that it must be done along t lines of the Rochdale system, which has had a test for 50 yea practically, and the experiment is now an established success in the countries.

Senator NORRIS. We are very much obliged to you, Miss Hav although this particular bill that we are considering, I presume, is ǹ involved; not now, I believe. It is simply a bill which remov these producers' organizations from under the antitrust laws.

If there is nothing further, I think the hearings are ended.

Mr. DENEEN. We are very much obliged to you for your courtes Senator NORRIS. It has been very interesting, I assure you. I ha enjoyed it.

(Thereupon the subcommittee adjourned, subject to the call of t chairman.)

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