Philadelphia, Oct. 3, 1775 ‡.
With as ardently as you can do for peace, and fhould rejoice exceedingly in co-operating with you to that end. But every fhip from Britain brings fome intelligence of new measures that tend more and more to exafperate; and it seems to me that until you have found by dear experience the reducing us by force impracticable, you will think of nothing fair and reasonable.We have as yet refolved only on defenfive meafures. If you would recall your forces and stay at home, we should meditate nothing to injure you. A little time fo given for cooling on both fides would have excellent effects. But you will goad and provoke us. You defpife us too much; and you are infenfible of the Italian adage, that there is no little enemy I am perfuaded the body of the British people are our friends; but they are changeable, and by your lying Gazettes may foon be made our enemies. Our respect for them will proportionally diminish; and I fee clearly we are on the high road to mutual enmity, hatred, and deteftation. A feparation will of course be inevitable.—'Tis a million of pities so fair a plan
as we have hitherto been engaged in for increafing ftrength and empire with public felicity, should be destroyed by the mangling hands of a few blundering minifters. It will not be destroyed: God will protect and profper it: You will only exclude yourfeives from any fhare in it.-We hear that more ships and troops are coming out. We know you may do us a great deal of mischief, but we are determined to bear it patiently as long as we can; but if you flatter yourselves with beating us into fubmiffion, you know neither the people nor the country.
The congrefs is ftill fitting, and will wait the refult of their laft petition.
A Griculture, takes place of manufactures until a country is fully
Air, humid, the circulation of, how produced, 511.
Albany plan of union. See Union.
Alphabet, fcheme for reforming, 467. Table of, 470. Specimens written in the propofed characters, 471. Correfpondence with a Lady in confidering the merits of it, 472.
America, the population of, not to be judged of, according to the principles applicable to Europe, 1. Marriages, why more frequent there than in Europe, 3. Why labour will long continue dear there, ibid. Argument against an union of the British colonies under one government, 21. State of toleration there, 76. Re- flections on the scheme of impofing taxes on the colonies without their confent, 120. Thoughts on American representation in the British parliament, 129. Forts in the back fettlements, no fe- curity against France &c. while in poffeffion of Canada, 155. The wars carried on there against the French not merely in the cause of the colonies, 162. Preference of North America over the Weft Indian colonies ftated, 171. Their great navigable rivers favourable to inland trade, 176. What commodities the inland parts of, are fitted to produce, 177. The productions of, do not interfere with thofe of Britain, 182. Comparative estimate of English exports to, and to the Weft India islands, 186. Ob- ftructions to an union of the different colonies, in a revolt against Britain, 191. Reafons given for reftraining the emiffion of paper- bills of credit there, 206. Remarks on these reasons, 207. The intended scheme of a Bank there described, 218.
Armies, the means of fupporting them pointed out, 20. Atmosphere, remarks on the height and denfity of, 515. On the cir- culation of, 511.
Aurora Borealis, conjectures toward forming an hypothefis for the explanation of, 504. And electric fluid, identity of, 510. By what ftages the fluid rifes, 514. Its motion in vacuo, 516. The feasons the aurora moft ufually appear in, 517. Arc and parallel rays of, 518. Queries relating to, 519. Farther hints relating to, by Dr. Franklin, 521. Another caufe of, conjectured, 527- M. Mairan's remarks upon, 529.
Baxter, Mr. remarks on his inquiry into the nature of the human foul, 479.
Bills of Mortality, reasonings formed on those for populous cities, not applicable to the country, 1.
Bishops, the introduction of, in America, by whom, and why dif- liked, 78.
Body, political and human, compared, 172.
Boston, preface to the votes and proceedings of the town meeting of, 323.
Bullion, the causes of its variations in price, 217.
Canada, its importance to this country compared with that of Gua- daloupe, 148. The confequences of leaving it in the poffeffion of France, itated, 154. Has always checked the growth of our colonies, 165. The rivers and lakes in, favourable to trade, 177. Is easily to be peopled, without draining Great Britain of inhabitants, 200.
Carriage, inland, no obftruction to trade, 174. Inftances, 175. China, precaution used there against famine, 42.
Clark, Dr. of Boston, his account of the French method of infti- gating the North American Indians against the English, 150, note. Clouds, the heights of, fuggefted, with conjectures, 522. Club at Philadelphia, rules for, 533.
Colonies, American, their former accustomed mode of granting aids to government, 231. Prevailing popular opinions ought to be regarded in fovereignty, 232. That money could not be levied on the colonists but by their own confent, an universal opinion, 233. The ftamp-act an unwife measure, 234. Its repeal highly acceptable, 235. New duties impofed on them, for the payment of crown officers there, 236. Sentiments of the colonists on the act for abolishing the legislature of New York, 239. The im- portation of British felons among them, highly difagrecable, 242. Thoughts on a union of, with Great Britain, 246. Governor Pownal's thoughts on an equal communication of British rights to America, 252. Reply to, 254. Dr. Franklin's examination before the house of commons on American taxation, 255. Ex- ternal and internal taxation diftinguifhed, 270. The acts of the affemblies and proceedings of the mobs, not to be confounded, 285. The laft war not undertaken merely for their defence, 288. Troops from Britain not neceffary to defend the inhabitants against
the Indians, 290. Mr. Strahan's queries relating to the difcontents there, 302. Replies to, 305. The duty on tea how confidered there, 306. General review of the difputes with, 323. Circum- ftances of their first establishment stated, 358. Intended offer of, 363. The ground of credit of, compared with that of Great Britain, 376. Governor Pownal's state of the conftitution of the colonies; with remarks by Dr. Franklin, 537. Corollaries from the foregoing principles, 541. The courts eftablifhed there, as ample in their jurifdiction and powers, as thofe in England, 542. Colony fubjects cannot be removed from their own courts to foreign jurifdictions, 543. They are in fuch cases intitled to the writ of Habeas corpus, 544.
Colonies, western, plan for fettling two in North America, 133. Advantages of, 136.
Colony governments, establishment of, and diftinction among, 358,. 387, note.
Commerce, its influence on the manners of a people, 20.
Fair and upon equal terms, ftated, 45. Is beft encouraged by being left free, 52. Should not be prohibited in time of war, 54. The profits of, mutual, 55. By inland carriage, how fupported, 174. Conductors, pointed, experiments of their utility in fecuring build- ings from lightning, 487. Objections confidered, 495. Occa-. fion of the difpute on the preference between blunted and pointed. conductors, &c. 499, note.
Congress, American, intended vindication and offer of, to parlia- ment, 357.
Corn, ill policy of laying reftraints on the exportation of, 50, 58. A country never drained of corn by exportation, 51.
Countries, diftant and unprovided, a plan for benefiting, 37. Scheme. of a voyage to that intent, 40.
Credit, that of Great Britain, and America, compared, 376. De- pends on payment of loans, 377. Induftry, ibid. Frugality, 378. Public fpirit, 379. Income and fecurity, 380. Profpects of future ability, 381. Prudence, ibid. Character for honesty, 383.
Dalrymple, Mr. fcheme of a voyage to benefit remote regions, pro- posed to be undertaken under his command, 40.
Denny, Governor, remarks on his official conduct in Pensylvania, 426.
Dickenson, Mr. his remarks on the late views of administration in framing laws over the colonies, 241. Remarks on his conduct, 451. On his proteft, 463,
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