large half Mile to the Southward of Kingfdown upon the South Foreland,

2. How do you know when you can weather the South Sand-head?

A. When Upper Deal Mill is open to the Southward of Walmer Caftle, or when the Light-houfes are in one, and Folkftone Church is open with Hay Clift, I am clear.

2. Suppofe you were coming into the Downs with the Wind at S. W. blowing hard, which Way would you lay your Ship's Head to bring her up?

A. I would lay the Ship's Head to the Eastward, and come to with my best Bower, but if with the fmall Bower, I would heave her Head in Shore.

2. For what Reason would you do fo?

A. I should then keep the Cable clear of the Cut-water.

2. What is the Course from the South Foreland to Dungeness, and what are the Dangers?

A. From the South Foreland to Dungeness, the Course is S. W. by W. W. Distance 7 Leagues.

The Ripraps lie N. E. and S. W. about 5 Leagues in Length, the N. E. End bears from Dover Caftle S. S. E. 4 Leagues, from Folkstone S. E. by S. Calais Steeple bears from it S. E. and Calais Clifts S. S. E. 3 Leagues, the S. W. End bears from Dungenefs E. S. E. 4 Leagues, on the N. E. Part there are but 15 or 16 Feet low Water, on the S. W. End 4 or 5 Fathoms, it is fleep too on both Sides, having 20 and 22 Fathoms clofe to it. To the Weftward of Folkstone, there is a Ledge of Rocks that runs a large Mile off the Shore, I would come no nearer in than 14 Fathoms.

About 4 Miles E. by N. from Dungeness, there is a Shoal with not more than 12 Feet on it, which I thall avoid by keeping in 10 Fathoms.

2. Where will you anchor, and in what Depth of Water under Dungeness?

A. I would anchor with the Nefs Point S. W. by W. the Lighthouse W. S. W. athwart Romney Town, in 8, 9, or 10 Fathom Water.

There is a Shoal about two Miles to the Weftward of the Nefs, with only 18 Feet on it low Spring Tides, the Nefs Light bears from it N. E. by E. 12 Fathoms close to it.

2. What is the Course from Dungeness to Beachy-head, and what are the Dangers ?

A. W. S. Diftance about nine Leagues.

30

Off the High Land of Fairleigh, there is a Shoal of rocky Ground with 14 Feet on it, and liés pretty clofe in. In the Channel off Dun-genefs, there is 24 Fathoms, and off Beachy-head, from 26 Fathoms; I will, in thick Weather, keep in 15 or 20 Fathom, from the Nefs to Beachy-head. When I deepen my Water, haul to the Northward, but if I fhoal it, haul to the Southward. In clear Weather I may ftand in Shore until Beachy-head bears W. by N. and not have less than 10 Fathoms Water, must then tack to avoid

Pemfey Shoal, which lies about two Miles off the Shore, with Pemfey Church bearing N. and Beachy-head W. by S. 14 Feet on

it.

There is a Shoal with 14 Feet on it and lies with Beachy-head W. N. 7 or 8 Miles, Peinfey Church N. N. W. 7 Miles, and Fairleigh E. by N. 12 Miles; E. by S. 6 Miles from Beachy-head, is the Horse of Willington, a small Shoal, having 16 Feet on it at low Water

2. Being off Beachy-head, at the Clofe of a Winter's Even, in a Gale of Wind at N. E. bound to Spithead, what is beft to be done?

A. I would lie too with my Ship's Head to the N. N. W. till Morning, then fhe will drive about a Channel Courfe at the Rate of two Knots an Hour, allowing that what the would lofe in the Ebb, fhe would gain in the Flood, and be in a fair Way in the Morning; I would come no nearer to the Owers than 18 or 20 Fathoms.

2. What is the Courfe and Dangers between Beachy-head and Dunnofe?

A. The Course is W. by N. & N. Distance about 20 Leagues. The Dangers are, the Owers, the Mark to go clear off the Eaft Part of them, is the White Way on Brow Hill in one with Chichester Church, a little to the Eastward of Pagham Church, and the Mark to clear the Weft End, is St. Rook's Hill in one with Chichester Church, they bear from Culver Cliff E. S. E. S. about 4 Leagues; there is a floating Light on them which has been shifted feveral Times; in going down Channel, if I keep Dunnofe W. N. W. Northerly, will carry me without them, I will come no nearer to them in thick Weather than 18 or 20 Fathoms.

2. You are coming from the Weftward and off Dunnofe, whatwould you do?

A. I would fteer N. E. keeping Sandown Caftle clear of Culver Cliff until St. Helen's Mark, which is a white Building, is open of the Red Cliff bearing W. by N. then I may run in between Bembridge Ledge and the Princeffa Shoal, but with a Ship of a great Draught of Water, it is beft to go without the Princeffa Shoal until I get the Kickergill on the S. W. Part of Monkton Fort, and run into Spithead between the Buoy of the Dean and the Buoy of the Warner.

N. B. In going for Spithead from the Eastward, there are 5 black Buoys lying on the Dean and Horfe, they must all be left on the Starboard Side, the outer one is called the Eaft Buoy of Dean, it lies 27 Feet Water, the Marks for it are, the Flagstaff of Portsmouth Platform, a little open to the Weftward of a round Sentry-box of South Sea Caftle, bearing N. by W. 2 W. with Dunnofe open of Culver Cliff.

From the outer Buoy to the next, is W. N. W. about one Mile and a quarter, it lies in 6 Fathom; the third, formerly the firft Buoy of the Dean lies in 4 Fathom; the Buoy of the Warner bears West Southerly from this Buoy about 14 Mile, from the third to the fourth, or Elbow Buoy, is S. E. and N. W.; it lies in three Fathoms.

The Buoy of the Horfe bears from the third Buoy N. N. W. about 1 Mile, and lies in 3 Fathom; from this laft Buoy to the first Buoy of Sturbridge, is W. N. the Royal George lies in 13 Fathoms, of a Mile to the N. W. of the Edgar, the Buoy of the Royal George, that of Noman's Land, and the Kickergill lie all in a Line.

The two Buoys cf the Princeffa Shoal, lie N. E. by N. and S. W. by S. of each other, Distance about a Mile; they lie each in 5 Fathoms with 4 between them, the Marks for the inner Buoy which is white, are Sandown Castle one with Culver white Cliff, and Nettlestone Point on Bembridge Point, the Buoy of Bembridge Ledge is black, and the Nob Buoy is red, they lie E. N. E. and W. S. W. of each other, with Dunnofe open of Culver Cliffs.

2. Suppofe you were to the Northward of Bembridge Point, bound to Spithead, and the Buoys were all gone, what would you do?

A. I would bring St. Helen's Church to bear W. and keep in 12 Fathoms, and fteer N. by W. towards the Dean, keeping Archdown Mark above the Trees, will lead me into Spithead abreast of Ride; if it is thick Weather and the Wind Southerly, I will come no nearer to Bembridge Ledge than 6 Fathoms, and fteer N. W. by N. but if the Wind is on the other Side, I would come no nearer the Dean and Horse than 10 Fathoms; obferving the Courfe and Tides, I will anchor at Spithead with South Sea Caffle N. F. by E. and the Kicker Point N. W. in 14 Fathoms. Eaft-India Men and Merchants Ships generally anchor on the Mother Bank to the Weftward of the Sturbridge Buoy in 10 or 5 Fathoms; if I am obliged to turn into Spithead, I may turn the Kickergill on each Side of Fort Monkton, and come no nearer the Warner than 12 Fathoms, nor to the Dean than 9 or 10 Fathoms, nor to Noman's Land than 16 or 18 Fathoms being clofe it.

2. How do you come to an Anchor at St. Helen's?

A. I would keep Sandown Caftle juft open of Culver Cliffs, and bring St. Helen's Church a Sail's Breadth open of the Red Cliffs of Bembridge Point, and anchor in 8 or 9 Fathoms.

2. Suppofe you were moored at Spithead with a Cable and an half on the best Bower, and one on the fmall Bower, you have orders to fail, at what Time of the Tide would you unmoor, and which anchor would you take up first?

A. I would begin to unmoor at the firft of the Flood, and take up my fmall Bower first.

2. In failing within the Ifle of White and through the Needles what are your Obfervations.

A. To keep clear of the Weft Middle, I would keep South Sea Caftle a Sail's Breadth open of the Kicker Point until I open Weft Cowes Caftle, then steer directly for Hurft Caftle, and when abreaft of it, barrow pretty near it, then fteer for the Needles Point; the leading Mark through the Needles is the Light-houfe in one with Hurft Caftle, bearing N. E. by E. E. I must be careful to keep the Vanes of the Windmill which ftands on the Island in Sight, to keep me clear of Wardings Ledge; great Regard must be had to the Tides, for the

Flood fets on the Needles, and the Ebb on the Shingles with great Velocity. N. B. To the Northward of the Weft Middle lies the Bramble; the Bramble and West Middle have each two Buoys on them, if I fail to the Northward of the Weft Middle I must fail between it and the Bramble, leaving the Bramble on the Starboard Side; when I come to Weft Cowes Castle, I must give it a good Birth, as there is a Ledge of Rocks that lie off it: Warding Rock lies on the Inland Side with a Buoy on it, when I come near the Needles, muft give them a good Birth to avoid the Chalk Rock*.

2. What is your Course from Dunnose to Portland?

A. W. by N. 16 Leagues.

2. If you are forced into Portland, what Precautions are neceffary?

A. I must take care of the Shambles, they bear from Portland Lights, which lie North and South of each other; N. W. by W. 4 Miles with only 14 Feet on them at low Water; to fail into the Road from the Weftward, I must keep close to the Bill, and keep my Lead going; when I am round the East Point, haul up and anchor against the Pier, in 9 or 10 Fathoms, with the Bill bearing S. S. E. Portland Caitle S. S. W. and Weymouth Caftie N. W. In failing out of Portland Road, I must keep Week Church open of the Stone Pier, and that will carry me clear to the Eaft ward of the Shambles. It flows hard from the Road to the Bill E. S. E. 7 the Flood fets right off the Bill 9 Hours.

Hours, and

N. B. In cafe I fhould be embayed to the Weftward of Portland, and no poffibility of getting out, between Burton and Chifwell, where it ebbs 9 hours and flows only 3 Hours, there is a steep Beach of Pebbles, I would there run my Ship on Shore with as much Sail as I could carry, especially at the beginning of an Ebb, and remain on Board for three or four Seas, when I may get on Shore with Safety. 2. What is the Courie from Portland to Torbay, and how do you Anchor there?

A. The Courfe is W. N. W. and Distance about 14 Leagues; to anchor in the Bay, I would bring the Berry Head to bear S. by E. or S. S. E. and Brixham Church on with the Pier Head; the best anchoring for small ships is 1 Mile from Brixham Pier Head, in 7 Fathoms.

2. What is your Course from the Berry Head to the Start ?

A. S. W. about 6 Leagues.

2. Is there any Danger near the Start?

A. Yes, about 2 Miles to the Eastward of the Start, there is a Shoal with not more than 3 Fathom on it, the Bolt Head being kept open of the Start Point will carry me clear of it.

Q: What is your Course from the Start to the Eddiftone?

A. W. S. 7 Leagues.

2. What is your Courfe from the Start to the Ramhead?

A. W. N. W. 7 Leagues.

2. What

For a more particular Account, fee the Directions that go with Hamilton Moore's Chart

2. What is to be obferved in failing into Plymouth Sound?

A. If coming from the Weftward, and am got round the Ramhead, I must give Penlee Point a good Birth, by Reafon of a Ledge of Rocks that lies off from it, then haul N. N. E. E. for anchoring; the leading Mark in, is Plymouth Church, open with the Weft Part of the Citadel.

In going into the Sound I may anchor in Caufand Bay, in 20 Fathoms, with Penlee Point S. W. and the Town of Caufand W. N. W.

The leading Mark to carry me in between the Knap and Shovel, is Plymouth old Church, on with a white Patch on the Hoa.

I may go into the Sound on the East Side, between the Tinker and Shagitone, by keeping Mount Batton a Sail's breadth open of Staden Point, and keep in that Direction until Maker's Church bears N. W. and Withy Hedge opens, then haul over to the Eastward and

anchor.

2. How do you fail into Hamoaze?

A. I would keep Kingfand open of Redding Point, until the large House at Stoke touches the East Side of Mill Bay; steer in until the Obelisk comes on with Block-house Point; keep in that Direction, till the Eaftermott Summer Houfe on Mount Edgcumbe Side, comes open with the Point within which it ftands; then fteer for it, until the East Point of Mount Wife comes open with Block-house Point; then fteer Mid-channel for Stone-house Pool, till Drake's Ifland is fhut within Block-house Point: 1 muft not open it till South Down comes open with the Obelifk, then fteer up the Harbour with the Side of Drake's Island, juft touching Paffage Point, which will lead me to the Southward of the Harbour Shoal, on the outer Part of which, there is a Rock, with only 16 Feet on it, but on any other Part, there is 3 Fathoms.

N. B. The Marks to know the Sound when I am coming from Sea in the Day Time, are, Rain Church, which stands to the Northward of the Ram-head, and a square Tower standing on the highest Part of the Land.

2. You are bound into Falmouth, how would you proceed?

A. In going into Falmouth there is a Rock, called the Block Rock, with a Pole on it, and fhews itself at half Tide; it lies nearest to the West Shore; I may fail in on either Side of it, but the East Side is the best. If I would fail into Carrick Road, I muft keep in the fair Way, and my Lead going, as there is a narrow deep Channel all the way, of 16 or 18 Fathom. I may barrow on St. Maw's Side in 5 or 6 Fathom. The beft anchoring in Carrick Road, is St. Maw's Castle, E. S. E. and lay my Eaftermoft Anchor in 16 or 18 Fathoms, and my Weftermoft Anchor, in 4 or 5 Fathoms. Juft paft St. Maws, there is a Sand that is fteep to, called St. Maw's Sand, and lies almoft half Channel over.

N. B. Great ships anchor, with Manacle Point, on with the Point of Falmouth, or a great House, that is to the Weftward of Penryn, juft open Trefufis Point in 18 Fathom,-The Manacles lie from Fal mouth about S.S. E.