But the worst feature of all attempts to force the negro into prominence as an equal of the white man is the suffering which it entails upon him and the harm it does in fanning the flames of racial discord.

The strike on the Q. & C. Railroad, which was occasioned by the road's refusal to accede to the demands made by the engineers and firemen through their organization that negroes be no longer employed as firemen, has already resulted in the death of ten men, most of whom were negroes, and the end is not yet in sight.

The demand of the engineers and firemen was not unexpected by the road. It was quietly made and the probabilities are that the refusal of the Queen and Crescent to do away with negro firemen will, SO far from helping the negro, hasten the time when a similar demand is made and ENFORCED on every railroad in the United States, and it is to be regretted that rather than comply with it a strike was precipitated.

The Sun does not condone murder in any form, and with all law-loving people we deeply regret the deplorable conditions that the strike on the Queen and Crescent has produced, but at the same time we condemn the attempt of the road to force their white employes to rescind their resolution to put a stop to an association of labor which had become intolerable.

There is no reason to suppose that the strikers had any hand in the murders that have been committed, but when class is armed against class it takes very little to set the bullets flying, and it is always much easier to raise a disturbance than to quiet one after it has been raised.

The question of doing away with negro firemen has been mooted for several years and, like Banquo's ghost, it will not down, therefore it is to be hoped that the various roads will begin now to prepare for accepting the inevitable, for Americans have determined that neither the negro, the Chinaman nor the Japanese will "run" either this country or its railroads. If the "cause" of the strike had been removed much bloodshed, suffering and sin would have been avoided, and it is incumbent upon the railroad managers to REMOVE IT before more trouble results.

Fourth of July Railroad Celebration -Collision a Feature.

The railroad men of Indianapolis propose to treat the public of that city to an exhibition of the tragic side of railroad life and are preparing plans for a celebration on July 4th next, a feature of which will be a spectacular head-end collision.

The arrangements are in charge of a committee consisting of thirty representatives of Divisions 11, 143 and 492 of the B. of L. E., Lodges 261 and 374 of the B. of R. T., and Lodge 14 of the B. of L. F. and E., all of Indianapolis.

The officers of the committee are as follows: T. L. Hadden, Lodge 261, B., of R. T., chairman; C. F. Shepherd, of the same lodge, secretary, and J. F. O'Brien, Lodge 14, B. of L. F. and E., treasurer.

The celebration will include a patriotic program, with speeches by several wellknown orators.

Arrangements are well under way for the completion of every detail of the celebration and it is expected to make it one of the greatest events in the railroad history of the Middle States.

The committee in charge of the work is known as the Associated Brotherhoods of Railroad Men in Train Service of Indianapolis. Headquarters will be maintained at the Trainmen's Hall in the Saks Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

It is expected that thousands of railroad men and their families from Indiana and adjoining States will attend the celebration, which, judging from the nature of the arrangements thus far completed, is sure to be a splendid success.

Lesson Papers for Sale.

We are now able to supply a limited number of sets of lesson papers of the Brotherhood Correspondence Schools to such as may desire them at the very low price of $2.75 per set. Each set contains 17 papers comprising the following subjects: Combustion, Parts 1, 2 and 3; The Locomotive Boiler; Valves, Cylinders and Valve Gears; Cylinders and Pistons; Slide and Piston Valves; Walschaert Valve Gear; Westinghouse Air Brake, Parts 1 and 2; Single Track Train Rules, Parts 1 and 2; Double Track Train Rules; Block Signal Rules, Parts 1, 2 and 3; Interlocking Rules. These papers include examination questions. Commencing with this issue of the Magazine the several papers will be taken up and published in their order, together with the answer to each question and reference to the articles in which the information may be found. By having a set of these papers on hand one may study ahead and can later find the answers to all the questions in the new department of the Magazine entitled "Our

Special Study Course." A set of these papers will be sent to any address in the United States, Canada or Mexico for $2.75. Orders should be addressed to John F. McNamee, Editor and Manager, Traction Terminal Bldg., Indianapolis, Ind.

Kentucky Students Our Friends.

In justice to the students of the University of Kentucky we desire to correct a statement appearing in the April issue of the Magazine to the effect that they were being hired to take the place of our men during the recent strike on the C., N. O. & T. P. Ry. (Queen and Crescent).

It now appears that the information upon which such statement was based was incorrect, and that not only were none of them hired for the base purpose of scabbing on our men, but they were all in deep and hearty sympathy with the strikers and with the Brotherhood in that struggle.

Justice to the students of the University of Kentucky demands that this statement be given the widest possible publicity, as in this particular they constituted a notable and noble exception to what, unfortunately, seems to be the rule regarding the disposition of university students generally towards organized labor.

We deeply appreciate the warm sympathy and support these young men extended to us in our recent trouble, and heartily thank them for the sincere friendship they evinced towards us on that occasion.

Bearing Good Fruit.

That our present organizing compaign is proving to be a splendid success is evidenced by the net gain in our membership of 3,121, which has been secured during the months of January, February and March of the present year. Our membership on the first day of April was 76,590. The results accomplished thus far demonstrate that by a general effort throughout the Brotherhood our membership should easily reach 100,000 before our next convention.

It is greatly to the credit of quite a number of our lodges that they have been actively co-operating in the carrying on of

this good work, but there are also a very large number of lodges which are making no special effort in this direction.

Every brother should ask himself if he and his lodge are doing all that they can do in pushing the work of organization. Every lodge in the Brotherhood should take the necessary steps without further delay to gather into its fold every man within its jurisdiction who is eligible to membership in our organization.

The benefits which our order secures for its members are enjoyed by all men of our occupation without, as well as within, its ranks, and it is only just and fair that all who enjoy these benefits should contribute their support financially and otherwise to the work of securing them. This they can do only by joining the Brotherhood and every member of our order should, as a matter of justice to himself, exert his best efforts to have all such men become members.

Death of Brother Michael Murphy.

His large number of friends and acquaintances will be deeply pained to learn of the death of Bro. Michael Murphy, who for nearly eight years had been identified with the work of the Grand Lodge office in the capacity of recording clerk.

For several months he had been a victim of lung trouble and about the middle of January went for a sojourn to Asheville, N. C., in the hope that his health would be materially benefited by the change of climate. While at that point, however, he unfortunately contracted pneumonia, which caused his death on March 16th last.

His funeral services were held at St. Patrick's Church, in Providence, R. I. Requiem High Mass was sung by the Rev. Father Pine, and the burial was at St. Ann's cemetery, Cranston, R. I.

Brother Murphy was born at Addison, N. Y., June 21, 1874. He became a member of the Brotherhood on March 25, 1894, joining Lodge 463. In 1895 he transferred to Lodge 478. In the latter lodge he held the office of Chairman of the Local Protective Board of the N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R., in which capacity he performed his duties to the great satisfaction of the members of that system. He represented his lodge as delegate at the Des Moines (1900), Chattanooga (1902) and Columbus (1908) conventions.

He leaves a wife, three daughters, father, one sister and three brothers to mourn his loss.

Brother Murphy's generous, warmhearted and genial disposition and his honest and candid manner won for him a host of friends. He was held in high esteem by the men associated with him in his daily duties. His death is deeply deplored by the men of the Grand Lodgethe men who were associated with him in his daily life.

Narragansett Lodge 478, at a regular meeting, held April 9th, adopted appropriate resolutions bearing on the death of Brother Murphy, attesting to his many sterling qualities and extending to his bereaved family and relatives the heartfelt sympathy of its members. An engrossed copy of the resolutions will be presented to his sorrowing wife.

The Magazine extends to his loved ones its sincere sympathy and condolence in their bereavement.

Montreal, the largest and wealthiest city in Canada and the commercial metropolis of the Dominion, is situated on an island, at the confluence of the St. Lawrence and Ottawa rivers, and therefore at the parting of nature's two great waterways to the interior of the continent. Montreal is at the head of the ocean navigation of the St. Lawrence, and-measured from the Straits of Belle Isle-is nine hundred and forty miles inland. Beyond and to the west stretch out the upper St. Lawrence and the Great Lakes, on the shores of which are the principal grain markets of America. Not only from Canada, but from the populous Western States, there pass through this port steamer after steamer, boats and barges, laden with the produce of a continent going forth to supply the world. Montreal is the eastern gateway of the New Continent.

was

The great geographical advantages of the island were fully appreciated by the pioneers of New France in North America. Its first European visitor Jacques Cartier, who arrived there in the autumn of 1535, and found a populous and strongly defended Indian town known as Hochelaga. Cartier and his party

climbed to the top of the mountain, and he was so charmed by the prospect that he gave the place the name of Mount Royal.

In

The discoverer of Canada passed away and Canada was forgotten for years. France these were years of war and intrigue and trouble. Towards the close of the sixteenth century peace was restored, and public attention was again directed towards the New World.

In 1603, Samuel de Champlain renewed the work of exploration, and subsequently became the founder of Canada. He made a survey of the St. Lawrence as far up as Jaques Cartier had gone, sixty-eight years before. The Indian town of Hochelaga had vanished. Although Champlain heard stories from Indians about streams and lakes to the west, he did not venture on this occasion beyond Lake St. Louis, above the Lachine Rapids.

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In 1611 the French planted their first post on the island of Montreal. Champlain called it "La Place Royale." Its site was where the Montreal house now stands. This place was not intended to be the foundation of a town, but an entrepot for trade in furs brought in by the Indians. Champlain was, however, fully alive to the great advantages of the location. Soon the post drew a large trade from the West, both down the St. Lawrence and the Ottawa rivers.

Place Royale remained a trading post until 1642, when the city was founded.

It was no bed of roses that the settlers enjoyed. Attacks from the Iroquois were frequent and determined. Only by constant watchfulness could a measure of safety be assured. Still the settlement struggled on and began to acquire weight in the colony.

France. It was here that the last important stand was made by the soldiers of France, and it was here that Vaudreuil surrendered to Amherst, on September 8, 1760.

During the American Revolutionary War, Montreal passed from the hands of the English into those of the Americans. In 1775, Ethan Allen, with a small body of men, attempted to take the city, which then had a population of 12,000. The attack failed and Allen was taken prisoner and sent to England. Later in the autumn, however, after Chambly and St. Johns had fallen, General Carleton retired to Quebec, which was strongly for

The city obtained a charter from the Legislature of Lower Canada in 1833. The first mayor was Jacques Viger, and he was succeeded in 1840 by Peter McGill. Upper and Lower Canada (now Ontario and Quebec) were united in 1841, and for a time Montreal was the seat of government, but in 1849, during a riot, the parliament buildings were burned and Montreal ceased to be the capital. Although no longer the political center, Montreal is still the commercial metropolis, not of old Canada on the banks of the St. Lawrence, but of a great dominion, whose shores are washed by the waters of two oceans.

tified, and the American forces under Montgomery occupied Montreal, making their headquarters at the Chateau de Ramezay. Montgomery himself also lived in the house at the corner of St. Peter and Notre Dame streets. The building is still standing, the lower part of it being now used as a restaurant. Montgomery invested Quebec, and, in a futile attack upon that place, in conjunction with Benedict Arnold, the former was killed and the latter badly wounded.

At the close of the eighteenth century, Montreal contained about twelve hundred houses and six churches. Between the town and the foot of the mountain was a mile of open country.

(W Notman & Son Photo, Montreal)

The commercial supremacy of Montreal has long been established on what is unquestionably a permanent basis. It is not only Canada's chief mercantile center, but one of the great business cities of the world. As it was when traffic was carried on in canoes, so it has continued with the batteau, the barge and the steamer. It has grown with the growth of traffic and the facilities for handling traffic. When the portage was succeeded by the canal, and the stage coach by the railway train, the geographical advantage of Montreal was but strengthened instead of weakened. Today, the commerce of a continent passes through her portals.

Millions of dollars have been and are