An Elementary Course of Civil Engineering

abutments advantage Alumina angle appareil arch bark basalt boats bottom breadth Briare canal brick bridge caisson calcined called canal carriages cast iron catchwater causeway cement centre chain pumps coffer-dam consequently construction course culverts curve determine dimensions direction distance ditches earth embankment employed engineer equal excavation experiments exterior extremity feet forged iron gates give grillage ground harbor hard horizontal hydraulic lime inches inclination inclined planes interior jettie joints kind length lock manner masonry means method mortar navigation necessary obtained opus incertum particularly pass perpendicular pieces piers piles placed plane plaster Plate pounds pressure principles puzzolana quicklime rail reservoir resistance river road rubble sand side silica slope sluices soil solid species specific gravities square stone substance summit level surface thickness tide timber tion velocity vertical vessels Vitruvius voussoirs wall weight wheels wings wood yards