claim, as our invention, the manufacturing of ploughshares and blades, or wings, or whatever that part of the plough may be called, which makes the horizontal cut in the land in the work called ploughing, as before described, of wrought iron or steel, either or both, stamped or pressed into the form required, by means of dies and presses, or stamps, or by rollers, or any the like suitable machinery. And we further claim, forming the said shares and blades, or wings, complete of wrought iron only, and then subjecting them, in their finished state, to such known processes as will convert the iron of which they are made into steel."—[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, May, 1836.]

To JOHN ASHDOWNE, of Tunbridge, in the county of Kent, gentleman, for his invention of improvements in apparatus to be added to wheels, to facilitate the draft of carriages on turnpike and common roads.-[Sealed 13th May, 1836.]

THE Patentee describes his invention as consisting of a certain apparatus to be attached to the wheels of waggons, carts, coaches, and other carriages, whereby the friction of such wheels is materially reduced, and, consequently, rendering the draft considerably easier.

The novel apparatus consists of an endless chain, or what may be called a portable railway, placed round the periphery of the wheels, and made somewhat larger than the outer circumference of the said wheels; so that, as the wheel revolves, the endless chain may always present a hard and solid surface for the wheel to run upon, as will be hereafter described.

VOL. X.

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Fig. 28, Plate VII., represents the side of a cart, with the apparatus attached to the wheel: a, a, being the felloe of the wheel, and b, b, the endless chain or railway which is passed round the same; c, c, is a lever, extending from the axle, and is supported by an arm d, which is attached to the cart: e, e, e, are guards or guides, which are affixed to the body of the cart, and are for the purpose of preventing the endless chain from getting off the periphery of the wheel. It will now be seen, that as the wheel revolves, the endless chain will pass over the expanded end f, of the lever c, c, and will thus present to the wheels a hard and solid surface, similar to a railroad. It may here be observed, that this apparatus is attached to both the wheels, and in a similar manner.

The Patentee says, in conclusion, that he does not mean or intend to claim the construction of the endless chain, or any other of the parts separately; but what he does claim, is the precise arrangement of apparatus herein shown, for the purpose of reducing the friction or draught of wheels on turnpike and common roads.[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, November, 1836.]

TO WILLIAM GODFREY KNELLER, of Hackney, in the county of Middlesex, Esq., for his invention of certain improvements on stills and apparatus for distilling.— [Sealed 29th June, 1831.]

THIS is an apparatus to be introduced into a still-head, for the purpose of rectifying the alcoholic vapours emitted from the still below.

The apparatus is shown in section, in Plate VII., at fig. 29, consisting of a series of cylindrical vessels, placed concentrically one within another. A very brief description of this figure will render the invention obvious.

Part of the vessel, in which the wash is placed for distillation, is represented at a, a; upon the top of this, a cylindrical vessel b, b, is affixed, by flanges bolted thereto. Within this vessel, several other cylindrical vessels, as c, c, d, d, e, e, f, f, g, g, and h, h, are fixed, each being attached, by its broad flange, to the outer vessel b, b, at i, i.

The cylindrical vessels c, e, and g, have bottoms; the other cylinders are open at their lower ends. A small quantity of water is to be introduced at the man-hole above, from whence it flows down into the vessel g, and from thence passes off, by a small hole in the side, in the vessel e, and thence into c. By these means, a few inches of water is left at the bottom of each vessel, for the purpose of taking up any empyreumatic matter which may happen to come over with the spirit; and the superfluous water flows away through the small holes into the still.

The operation of the rectifying apparatus will be this: the alcoholic vapour, as it rises from the still, passes up between the outer cylinder b, and the vessel c, as shown by the arrows; at the top of this vessel it proceeds through small openings to the interior vessel c, and descends between it and the cylinder d, into the water at bottom. After passing through the water, the spirituous vapour rises within the cylinder d, and at top passes into the vessel e, and so on, until it at length rises in the cylinder h, and passes off in the ordinary way to the refrigerating worm.

The Patentee claims the "congeries of tubes," applied

in the way shown, to a still, whether such tubes be cylin drical or of any other suitable form; and whether they are placed erect, as shown, or in any other position.[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, December, 1831.]

To THOMAS EDGE, of Great Peter-street, in the parish of St. John the Evangelist, in the city of Westminster, gas apparatus and lamp manufacturer, for certain improvements in lighting or illuminating by gas, oil, or spirit lights, or lamps, being partly a communication from a foreigner residing abroad. [Sealed 28th October, 1836.]

THESE improvements in "lighting or illuminating by gas, or other lights or lamps," apply to the mode or method of lighting or illuminating shop-fronts, show-glasses, and other situations, by external lights and reflectors; and more particularly apply to lighting or illuminating by means of gas lights placed on the outside of shop-fronts or windows, or on the outside of glazed show-cases, containing goods requiring to be kept from the external atmosphere, and the injurious effects of deleterious vapours arising from the combustion of gas; and consists, in the first instance, in lighting or illuminating by means of external gas lights, lanterns, and reflectors, applied, fitted and used, in the manner hereinafter more particularly described; and secondly, in the same improved mode of applying and fitting external oil or spirit lamps and reflectors. And I would here remark, that I am aware that oil and spirit. lamps have been heretofore used for externally illuminating shop fronts and such other situations; but they have been applied with fixed and stationary brackets, suspenders, and fittings, whereas the object of these improvements, as

regards illuminating by these means, is to adapt, fit, and, use external lamps in such manner that they may be easily taken away in the day time, or when not required, and all appearance of the lamps, and the obstructions they would. otherwise offer to the full exposure of the shop front be removed, at the same time they can be easily and readily applied when wanted. And these improvements in the mode of illuminating by means of gas lights and reflectors have the same object; and further, the removal of the gas and vapours arising from its combustion, from within the shop window or show-case, in order that the goods may not be subject to the deleterious effects arising therefrom, whereby the articles exposed to view will not require to be moved or re-arranged to suit the difference of the illumination by day or night, which is more particularly desirable with drapers' goods, lace, jewellery, silks, or woollen manufactures, all of which are liable to be injured by the gas escaping, either from the carelessness of the persons who apply and remove the lights and their fittings, or from the imperfections in the fittings themselves, the only moveable part of the fittings, in this improved mode of applying gas lights and their connexions with the stationary supply pipe, being on the outside of the window; and the escape of gas (if any) will be to the atmosphere, by which means, the vapour arising from the combustion of the gas will also be prevented from coming into contact with the goods. And further, these improvements have for their object, the preventing, as much as possible, the escape or wasting of the gas, the time of applying and removing the lights, and further, in protecting the fittings or joints which connect the brackets or suspenders to the end of the stationary supply pipe by day, from the action of the atmosphere upon the interior of such joints or fittings, which would