in fig. 2. It will be seen that the winch or handle i, is connected by a socket to the centre of the pinion on the middle of the set of revolving brushes; and this pinion, on being turned, will give a rotary motion to the whole series of brushes, as the pivot of each brush is furnished with a small wheel or pinion for this purpose, which will be very readily perceived by reference to fig. 6.

"I have also thought it advisable, in order to prevent any part of this improvement from being misunderstood, to show a pattern after it has been printed by the block, which has taken up its various colours and left them upon the surface of the fabric intended to be printed; and this impression is represented at fig. 7.

"In conclusion, I wish it to be understood that although I have shown in the drawing only one mode of effecting the object required, it will be evident that, as there are other modes of varying the manner of causing the brushes h, h, h, to revolve, I do not mean to confine myself to any particular manner of doing the same, nor do I intend to determine any particular size or arrangement of the said brushes, as a centre might be formed of one colour having a ring of another colour around it, and so forth, by a different arrangement of the bristles or hairs forming the brushes; and it will also be understood, that, instead of brushes, small cushions of leather or other material may be used in place of the said brushes. But, I do claim any method by which spots or compartments of two or many colours are kept in a proper state for the preservation of the block in all processes of block-printing, and thereby properly spread and laid upon the surface of the sieve cloth after the manner I have described in this my specification, in which I presume I have fully complied with the intents

of the proviso made in the grant of the above recited Letters Patent."-[Inrolled in the Rolls Chapel Office October, 1836.]

Specification drawn by Messrs. Newton and Berry.

TO WILLIAM COLES, of Charing-cross, in the county of Middlesex, Esq., for his invention of certain improvements applicable to locomotive-carriages.-[Sealed 16th December, 1835.]

THE Patentee describes his invention as being more particularly applicable to that description of locomotive-carriages called railway carriages, and consists in reducing the friction of the wheels. The way in which this is carried into effect, we give in the Patentee's own words.

In Plate XV., at figs. 8, 9, 10, and 11, A, is the upper part of the frame, sixteen feet long, six inches deep, eight inches broad, and substance one inch; B, is the lower part of the frame, ten feet six inches long; the ends b, b, cach six feet; the narrow part B, four feet six inches; b, six feet long, eight inches broad, six inches deep, and two inches raised at the axle boxes; c, are guides in the form of crosses fixed to the inner sides of the frame A, and to the outer sides of the ends b, b, with a nave in the centre of these parallel guides, to contain the axle for the fric-* tion wheel D, which is one foot nine inches in diameter, six inches broad, resting on the axle c, of the wheel E, which runs on the rail: E, is a cast iron or spoked wheel, two feet six inches in diameter; a, a, a, a, are four braces, fixed to the centre of the frame A, above, and

upon the frame b, b, b, b; d, d, d, d, are four cross bearings at the lower ends of the parallel guides secured to the four points d, on B.

Now, the object of this invention is the reducing of the friction of the axles of railway carriages by the application of the friction wheels D, resting on the axles at c, of the wheels E, which run on the rails of the railway, the axles c, being prevented from getting out of their proper position, by the parallel guides c.-[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, June, 1836.]

To ALEXANDER MASSIE, of the parish of St. John, Wapping, in the county of Middlesex, engineer; Robert Morton, of the same place, engineer; William Ranwell, of Woolwich, in the county of Kent, coal-merchant, and Ebenezer Ranwell, of the same place, miller, for certain improvements in the construction of paddles, or paddlewheels, for propelling of vessels, which improvements are also applicable to the construction of water-wheels for mills.-[Sealed 9th February, 1836.]

THESE improvements in the construction of paddles or paddle-wheels for propelling vessels on water, or for driving mills by water power, consist in constructing the paddles or float-boards of paddle-wheels and water-wheels, with sliding shutters or tumbling flaps, by means of which the resisting surface or face of each paddle may be partially opened in order to allow the water to flow through it, or completely closed and made to present its greatest resisting surface to the water.

The manner in which we propose to construct the paddles or float-boards of our wheels, and the machinery for working them is shown in Plate XV., fig. 12, represents the face of one of the float-boards of a paddle-wheel, which is formed by a frame of open rails fixed to two parallel radial arms. The spaces between these open rails are intended to be closed by a similar frame of open rails sliding upon the face of the fixed frame; a, a, are the radial arms of the wheels attached to the shaft or axle b. The fixed frame of open rails c, c, c, which is to constitute the paddle, is securely attached to the radial arms a, a. The sliding frame of open rails d, d, is held against the face of the fixed frame by rebates or brackets e, e, extending from the arms of the wheel, or by any other convenient

means.

A lever f, at the side of the wheel, is mounted between brackets, upon a fulcrum pin at g, the lower end of which lever is attached to the sliding frame d, by a joint at h, and the upper end of the lever, as the wheel revolves, works in an inclined circular groove in the stationary box i, which is intended to be fixed to the side of the vessel. Fig. 13, is a side or edge view of one of the paddles, showing the lever by which the sliding shutter is moved with one of radial arms of the wheel, and also the stationary box in the periphery, of which the inclined circular groove is formed, that works the lever as the wheel revolves, and thereby gives the sliding lateral movements to the shutters of the paddle.

Fig. 14, is a similar view of the paddle to that represented in fig. 12, in which the sliding frame has began to move, and the spaces between the rails of the fixed frame have become partially open.

As the wheel revolves, the spaces between the fixed rails

of those of the lower paddles, which are acting against the water, will be closed by the inclined circular groove in the stationary box i, having caused the levers to bring the sliding frames into the closed positions; while those of the paddles, which are rising up through the water, are opened to avoid the resistance of the water and air against the faces of those paddles that have passed the propelling position. The descending paddles also, by remaining open until they arrive at the propelling position, avoid much of the impeding effect of the back-water.

Another modification of our invention of improvements in paddle wheels, consists in constructing them with tumbling-flaps, which may be opened for the purpose of allowing the free passage of the water; or closed, so as to oppose the entire surface of the paddle to the resistance of the water.

Fig. 15, represents in perspective one pair of the radial arms of a paddle-wheel detached from its axle, and having two tumbling-flaps to form the paddle; a, a, are the arms connected by a brace at their outer extremities; b, b, are the tumbling-paddles, turning on an axle or on pivots ć, ċ, at their ends, which are inserted into the arms. From the ends of the paddles, there are also studs d, d, extending, which are intended to work either in slots or in the notches e, e, of a sliding rod or barf, at the side of the arm.

Fig. 16, is an edge view of one of the arms of the paddlewheel, with the two tumbling-flaps thrown open by the acute parts of the notches e, e, acting against the studs d, d, and as the rod or barf, moves inward, drawing back the flaps into the inclined positions shown. Fig. 17, is a similar edge view of one of the arms of the paddle-wheel, the rod or bar f, being moved outward, and the curved parts of the notches e, é, acting upon the studs d, d, having