seen by fig. 27, which represents a part of the head and bows of a vessel with two anchors: A, represents the anchor above described, with its fishing apparatus drawn up after being weighed in the ordinary way, and ready to be fished; B, represents another anchor in the act of fishing, having the same construction of fishing apparatus. The seaman having drawn up the fishing chain e, by the line attached to it, and having affixed it by one of the links or rings to the tackle f, the anchor is raised on the bows, and is easily slipped off again when required, there being no palms to obstruct it.

I sometimes adapt my improvements to an anchor, the shank of which is separated into two parts, and opened upwards at a considerable angle. The ends of the shank being in that case united to the ends of the stock, as shown at fig. 28. This construction of anchor will effectually prevent the possibility of the cable fouling round the stock.

It is unnecessary for me to expatiate upon all the advantages which my improved construction of anchors and fishing apparatus possess over the ordinary kinds of anchors, but I will observe that these improvements may be readily adapted to anchors of all sizes of the old construction.

Lastly, I desire it to be understood, that the particular features of improvement, which I claim under the above recited Letters Patent, are, firstly, an enlarged part b, at the crown of the anchor, for the purpose of giving strength to the arms, and causing them to penetrate and hold more firmly in the ground, instead of the broad flukes or palms usually employed; and, secondly, the bar c, or any variation of or substitute for it, by means of which a sliding chain or line may be adapted to the under part of the arms, for the

purpose of what is technically termed fishing the anchor.-Inrolled in the Rolls Chapel Office, January,

1837.]

Specification drawn by Messrs. Newton and Berry.

TO GEORGE JONES, of Wolverhampton, in the county of Stafford, iron-master, JAMES FOSTER, of Stourbridge, in the county of Worcester, iron-master, JOHN BARKER and JOHN JONES, both of Wolverhampton, aforesaid, iron-masters, for their invention and improvement on the process now in use for producing or making malleable iron.-[Sealed September 8th, 1832.]

THIS invention consists in taking the molten iron direct from the blast furnace, where it is smelted from the iron ore, iron stone, iron slag, or scoria, containing iron, and conveying it immediately into the puddling furnace, there to undergo the process of puddling, instead of first making it into pig iron.

The melted metal is run out direct from the blast furnace into iron ladles or other suitable vessels, and conveyed from thence, by means of the said ladles, into the puddling furnace; and when this furnace is fully charged, the melted metal will be in the same state as if it had been re-heated or re-melted from the pig iron.

In iron-works, where the respective situations and levels of the smelting and puddling furnaces are such as to allow of a direct communication, it is evident that the melted iron may be conveyed direct from one furnace to the other, by means of canals, without the intervention of the iron ladles or other suitable apparatus, thereby saving much labour and time; and where

the situation will render this practicable, it is considered that it would be advisable so to do: this latter arrangement is therefore strongly recommended.

The Patentees state in conclusion, that they wish it to be understood, that they mean and intend to claim as their invention, the conveying of iron in a melted and fluid state direct from the blast furnace, instead of re-heating and re-melting it from the pig, whereby much time and labour is saved, and a great economy of fuel and iron is the natural consequence.-[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, March, 1833.]

To DANIEL HORTON and GEORGE HORTON, of the Leys Iron-works, in the parish of Kingswinford, in the county of Stafford, iron-masters and co-partners, for their invention of an improved puddling furnace for the better production of manufactured iron in the process of obtaining it from the pig.-[Sealed 7th September, 1832.]

THE Patentees commence their specification by observing that, in the usual process of manufacturing iron from pigs, the iron is first passed through the refinery or refining furnace, and afterwards brought to the puddling furnace to undergo the process of puddling; and that many efforts have been made, and some processes are now in use, for the making crude pig iron into manufactured or malleable iron in the puddling furnace, without first passing it through the refining furnace. These plans, however, are said to have failed, and not to answer the purpose, owing to the high degree of temperature to which it is necessary to raise the iron in the

puddling furnace, when both the processes of refining and puddling are carried on in this one furnace, the temperature being considerably higher than is usually employed in puddling furnaces; so that the advantages that may be derived from working the two processes of refining and puddling at once, are nearly, if not quite, counterbalanced by the prejudicial effects that the intense heat required has upon that part of the furnace in which the iron is puddled.

Now, the object of this invention is to construct the furnace in such a manner that the superabundant heat may be carried off, and not be allowed to act prejudicially on any part of the furnace. This is effected by some additions to, and alterations in, the puddling furnaces usually employed; and these additions consist in adapting certain vessels to that part of the apparatus where the iron is puddled, which may be exposed to the action of the atmosphere or of a current of water.

The apparatus may be modified in the following manner: for instance, the vessels above referred to, and through which a current of water or air is made to flow or pass, may be attached to the sides of the puddling furnaces, and thick cast or wrought iron plates, of about an inch or an inch and a half in thickness, may be connected to the back and front of the furnace, and a constant stream of cold water be allowed to flow or be forced against them. This seems to constitute the whole of the invention; and the Patentees say, in conclusion, that they do not mean or intend to claim any of the parts of the puddling furnace that have been before in use, or are well known; but they restrict their claim of invention to the combination of the air or water vessels that are attached to the sides of the furnace, and the wrought or cast iron plates that are connected to the

back and front of the furnace, with the common puddling furnace that is in ordinary use, these parts being for the purpose of carrying off any superabundant heat from the puddling furnace. And they also claim, the adaptation of the before-mentioned improvements to refining furnaces, as well as puddling furnaces, as the aforesaid improvements are calculated to preserve them for a considerably longer time than they are likely to last when constructed in the ordinary manner.—[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, March, 1833.]

TO WILLIAM COOPER, of Picardy-place, in the city of Edinburgh, in Scotland, glass merchant and stained glass manufacturer, for his invention of an improved method of executing ornaments, devices, colours, or stains on glass. [Sealed 10th January, 1837.]

THIS invention purports to be an expeditious and accurate mode of performing the operation of producing devices on glass. The manner in which the Patentee proposes to carry his invention into effect is as follows:-The glass is first to be covered or coated with a semi-transparent coating or covering, in the manner, and with the materials, described by Mr. Davenport, in the specification of the patent granted to him, and dated 4th July, 1806; which consists of a siliceous or vitreous substance, reduced to an impalpable powder, and mixed with some plastic substance, to such a consistency that it may with facility be washed over or laid on the surface of the glass in a thin coating; the aqueous particles are then evaporated from the siliceous or vitreous materials, which are retained on the surface of the glass by the adhesive nature of the material used to