and the latter thirty-six miles from Albany. Both springs are strongly impregnated with carbonic acid, and contain also carbonate of soda, muriate of soda, super-carbonate of lime, and a carbonate of iron. These springs have long been a favourite resort in the summer months, not only for invalids, but for people of gaiety and fashion, who flock thither by thousands from all parts of the Union. Saratoga is memorable in American history, as the place where General Burgoyne surrendered the British army to General Gates, October 17, 1777. From a careful analysis of the principal (Congress) spring at Saratoga, by Doctor Steel, it appears that a gallon of the water contains the following substances: chloride of sodium, 385 grains; hydriodate of soda, 3 grains; bicarbonate of magnesia, nearly 96 grains; carbonate of lime, a little more than 98 grains; carbonate of iron, upwards of 5 grains; silix, 1 grains; carbonic acid gas, 311 cubic inches; atmospheric air, 7 ditto. The climate of this State is extremely variable, especially that part which lies to the southward of the highlands, experiencing all the extremes of heat and cold, and sometimes a change of thirty degrees within the twenty-four hours. Among the mountains and along Lake Champlain towards the Canadas the winters are long and severe, and the summers are often sultry and hot. In the western district, the climate is more temperate, and winters subject to a good deal of rain; but the whole country is tolerably healthy, the neighbourhood of ponds and undrained marshes excepted. The winters commence some while before Christmas, and do not end until March; April is frequently a cold month. The imports and exports of New York exceed those of every other State in the Union; the latter consist of beef, pork, wheat, flour, Indian corn, rye, butter, cheese, pot and pearl-ashes, turpentine, and naval stores; flax-seed, peas, beans, horses, cattle, lumber, and a variety of manufactured goods. The imports of 1841, amounted to 75,713,426 dollars, the exports to 33,139,833. The imports of 1842, to 57,875,604 dollars; the exports to 27,576,778. The manufactures of this State, though not as extensive in the principal articles of woollens and cottons as Massachusetts and Rhode Island, are nevertheless very considerable. According to returns in 1840 there were in New York 117 cotton factories, with 211,659 spindles; 12 dyeing and printing establishments, with a capital of 4,900,772 dollars invested therein, and giving employment to 7,407 persons; also 890 fulling mills; 323 woollen manufactories, giving employment to 4,636 persons, with a capital invested therein of 3,469,349 dollars. The total amount of capital embarked in manufactures in this State is estimated at 55,557,779 dollars. The tonnage of this State in 1840, amounted to 468,593 tons, of which the large proportion of 430,300 tons belonged to the port of New York, being more than one-fifth of the entire tonnage of the United States. New York has fully kept pace with the other States of the Republic in the extent and steady advance of all her improvements, and direct means of internal communication, having already completed several hundred miles of canal navigation owned by the State, besides a considerable length of railway already finished and in progress. The following table includes the cost of the entire of the canals the property of the State, as also the revenues derivable therefrom, from the year ending September 30th, 1843. The annual interest upon $30,885,029-26, at 5 per cent, the average interest upon the present State debt is The net revenue from all the State Canals for the year ending 30th September, 1843, after deducting the cost of the collection of tolls, and the maintenance of the canals is 1,698,676-60 1,456,760-60 Deficit of the canals to pay 5 per cent upon the cost $241,915-91 The tolls from these canals are very considerable, especially the Erie Canal, by means of which a large amount of traffic is carried on between the northern inland States and New York. The quantity of flour forwarded to Albany by this opportunity for the five years ending 1843, averaged 1,606,459 barrels, besides an annual average of 899,148 bushels of wheat. The following is a statement of produce and tolls, received at Albany from the commencement of the canal navigation, to the close of August, 1844. Total Canal Debt, 30th September, 1843, $20,411,291-18 The Annual interest on this debt is $1,111,662-46. $14,872,009-95, bears 5; $1,892,145-23, 6 per cent; and $3,647,136, 7 per cent interest. There is also the General Fund Debt, amounting to $5,423,415-33, on which the annual interest is $265,599-38. The total debt of the State, therefore, is $25,834,706-51, on which the annual interest is $1,377,261-84. But there are available means on hand amounting to $1,951,575-66, leaving the actual balance to be provided for $23,883,130-85. There is also a contingent liability for Stocks issued on loans to Railroad Companies. This liability amounts to $1,720,000. Public Revenue and Expenditure for the Fiscal Year, ending 30th September, 1843. Tolls, after deducting the expenses of collection $1,910.701-86 Expenditure on the State Canals, for all purposes, including interest $1,465,310-20 Expenses for the support of Go vernment, and for all charges on the General Fund, including interest Surplus 1,220,099 48 496,611-41 576,114-92 2,992,825-81 1,027,249-83 2,492,560-03 500,265-00 |