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Thus to conclusions from examples led,

The heart resigns all judgment to the head;
Law, law alone for ever kept in view,

So much he's seen of baseness in the mind, That, while a friend to man, he scorns mankind;

His measures guides, and rules his conscience He knows the human heart, and sees with

too;

Of ten commandments, he confesses three
Are yet in force, and tells you which they be,
As law instructs him, thus: Your neigh-
bour's wife

You must not take, his chattels, nor his life;
Break these decrees, for damage you must
pay;

dread,

By slight temptation, how the strong are led;
He knows how interest can asunder rend
The bond of parent, master, guardian, friend,
To form a new and a degrading tie
'Twixt needy vice and tempting villany.
Sound in himself, yet when such flaws appear,
He doubts of all, and learns that self to fear:

These you must reverence, and the rest For where so dark the moral view is grown,

you may.'

Law was design'd to keep a state in peace;
To punish robbery, that wrong might cease;
To be impregnable; a constant fort,
To which the weak and injured might resort:
But these perverted minds its force employ,
Not to protect mankind, but to annoy ;
And long as ammunition can be found,
Its lightning flashes and its thunders sound.
Or law with lawyers is an ample still,
Wrought by the passions' heat with chymic
skill;

A timid conscience trembles for her own;
The pitchy taint of general vice is such
As daubs the fancy, and you dread the touch.
Far unlike him was one in former times,
Famed for the spoil he gather'd by his crimes;
Who, while his brethren nibbling held their
prey,

He like an eagle seized and bore the whole
away.

Swallow, a poor attorney, brought his boy Up at his desk, and gave him his employ ; He would have bound him to an honest trade,

While the fire burns, the gains are quickly Could preparations have been duly made.

made,

And freely flow the profits of the trade;
Nay, when the fierceness fails, these artists
blow

The dying fire, and make the embers glow,
As long as they can make the smaller profits
flow;

At length the process of itself will stop,
When they perceive they've drawn out every
drop.

Yet I repeat, there are, who nobly strive
To keep the sense of moral worth alive;
Men who would starve, ere meanly deign to live
On what deception and chican'ry give;

The clerkship ended, both the sire and son
Together did what business could be done;
Sometimes they'd luck to stir up small dis-
putes

Among their friends, and raise them into suits:
Though close and hard, the father was content
With this resource, now old and indolent :
But his young Swallow, gaping and alive
To fiercer feelings, was resolved to thrive :-
Father,' he said, 'but little can they win,
Who hunt in couples where the game is thin;
Let's part in peace, and each pursue his gain
Where it may start our love may yet
remain.'

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And these at length succeed; they have their The parent growl'd, he couldn't think that

strife,

Their apprehensions, stops, and rubs in life;
But honour, application, care, and skill,
Shall bend opposing fortune to their will.

Of such is Archer, he who keeps in awe
Contending parties by his threats of law:
He, roughly honest, has been long a guide
In Borough-business, on the conquering side;
And seen so much of both sides, and so long,
He thinks the bias of man's mind goes wrong:
Thus, though he 's friendly, he is still severe
Surly though kind, suspiciously sincere:

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had fled,

The people cursed him, but in times of need Most of his friends, though youth from him
Trusted in one so certain to succeed :
By law's dark by-ways he had stored his mind
With wicked knowledge, how to cheat man-
kind.

Few are the freeholds in our ancient town;
A copy-right from heir to heir came down,
From whence some heat arose, when there
was doubt

In point of heirship; but the fire went out,
Till our attorney had the art to raise
The dying spark, and blow it to a blaze:
For this he now began his friends to treat;
His way to starve them was to make them eat,
And drink oblivious draughts-to his ap-
plause

It must be said, he never starved a cause; He'd roast and boil'd upon his board; the boast

Of half his victims was his boil'd and roast;
And these at every hour :-he seldom took
Aside his client, till he'd praised his cook;
Nor to an office led him, there in pain
To give his story and go out again;
But first, the brandy and the chine were seen,
And then the business came by starts be-
tween.

'Well, if 'tis so, the house to you belongs; But have you money to redress these wrongs Nay, look not sad, my friend; if you're correct,

You'll find the friendship that you'd not expect.'

If right the man, the house was Swallow's

own;

If wrong, his kindness and good-will were shown:

'Rogue!' 'Villain !' 'Scoundrel!' cried the losers all;

He let them cry, for what would that recall?
At length he left us, took a village seat,
And like a vulture look'd abroad for meat;
The Borough-booty, give it all its praise,
Had only served the appetite to raise ;
But if from simple heirs he drew their land,
He might a noble feast at will command;
Still he proceeded by his former rules,

Were young, were minors, of their sires in dread;

Or those whom widow'd mothers kept in bounds,

And check'd their generous rage for steeds and hounds;

Or such as travell'd 'cross the land to view
A Christian's conflict with a boxing Jew:
Some too had run upon Newmarket heath
With so much speed that they were out of
breath;

Others had tasted claret, till they now
To humbler port would turn, and knew not
how.

All these for favours would to Swallow run, Who never sought their thanks for all he'd done;

He kindly took them by the hand, then bow'd
Politely low, and thus his love avow'd-
(For he'd a way that many judged polite,
A cunning dog-he'd fawn before he'd bite)—
Observe, my friends, the frailty of our

race

When age unmans us-let me state a case: There's our friend Rupert-we shall soon redress

His present evil-drink to our success-
I flatter not; but did you ever see
Limbs better turn'd? a prettier boy than he ?
His senses all acute, his passions such
As nature gave-she never does too much;
His the bold wish the cup of joy to drain,
And strength to bear it without qualm or pain.

'Now view his father as he dozing lies,
Whose senses wake not when he opes his eyes;
Who slips and shuffles when he means to walk,
And lisps and gabbles if he tries to talk ;
Feeling he's none, he could as soon destroy
The earth itself, as aught it holds enjoy;
A nurse attends him to lay straight his limbs,
Present his gruel, and respect his whims :
Now shall this dotard from our hero hold
His lands and lordships? Shall he hide his
gold?

That which he cannot use, and dare not show,

His bait, their pleasures, when he fish'd for And will not give-why longer should he owe?

fools;

Flagons and haunches on his board were placed,

Yet, 'twould be murder should we snap the

locks,

And take the thing he worships from the box ; And subtle avarice look'd like thoughtless So let him dote and dream: but, till he die, Shall not our generous heir receive supply?

waste:

For ever sitting on the river's brink,
And ever thirsty, shall he fear to drink?
The means are simple, let him only wish,
Then say he's willing, and I'll fill his dish.'
They all applauded, and not least the boy,
Who now replied, 'It fill'd his heart with
joy

To find he needed not deliv'rance crave
Of death, or wish the justice in the grave;
Who, while he spent, would every art retain
Of luring home the scatter'd gold again;
Just as a fountain gaily spirts and plays
With what returns in still and secret ways.'
Short was the dream of bliss; he quickly
found,

His father's acres all were Swallow's ground.
Yet to those arts would other heroes lend
A willing ear, and Swallow was their friend;
Ever successful, some began to think
That Satan help'd him to his pen and ink;
And shrewd suspicions ran about the place,
There was a compact '-I must leave the

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case.

But of the parties, had the fiend been one, The business could not have been speedier done :

Still when a man has angled day and night,
The silliest gudgeons will refuse to bite :
So Swallow tried no more; but if they came
To seek his friendship, that remain'd the

same:

Thus he retired in peace, and some would say

He'd balk'd his partner, and had learn'd to pray.

To this some zealots lent an ear, and sought How Swallow felt, then said 'a change is wrought: '

"Twas true there wanted all the signs of grace, But there were strong professions in their place;

Then too, the less that men from him expect, The more the praise to the converting sect; He had not yet subscribed to all their creed, Nor own'd a call, but he confess'd the need: His acquiescent speech, his gracious look, That pure attention, when the brethren spoke, Was all contrition, he had felt the wound, And with confession would again be sound.

True, Swallow's board had still the sump

tuous treat;

But could they blame? the warmest zealots eat:

He drank-'twas needful his poor nerves to brace;

He swore 'twas habit; he was grieved'twas grace:

What could they do a new-born zeal to nurse? 'His wealth 's undoubted-let him hold our purse;

He'll add his bounty, and the house we'll raise Hard by the church, and gather all her strays;

We'll watch her sinners as they home retire, And pluck the brands from the devouring fire.'

Alas! such speech was but an empty

boast;

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LETTER VII. PROFESSIONS-PHYSIC

Iam mala finissem leto, sed credula vitam
Spes fovet, et fore cras semper ait melius.
TIBULLUS, lib. ii. vi, vv. 20, 21.

He fell to juggle, cant, and cheat-
For as those fowls that live in water
Are never wet, he did but smatter;
Whate'er he labour'd to appear,
His understanding still was clear.

A paltry wretch he had, half-starved,
That him in place of zany served.

But as physicians of that nobler kind Have their warm zealots, and their sectaries blind;

So among these for knowledge most renown'd,
Are dreamers strange, and stubborn bigots
found:

Some, too, admitted to this honour'd name,
Have, without learning, found a way to fame;
And some by learning-young physicians
write,

BUTLER'S Hudibras, Part II, Canto III, With them a treatise is a bait that draws
To set their merit in the fairest light;

218-222, 323, 324.

The Worth and Excellence of the true Physician-Merit, not the sole Cause of Success -Modes of advancing Reputation-Motives of medical Men for publishing their Works -The great Evil of Quackery-Present State of advertising Quacks-Their Hazard -Some fail, and why-Causes of Success -How men of Understanding are prevailed upon to have Recourse to Empírics, and to permit their Names to be advertisedEvils of Quackery: to nervous Females: to Youth: to Infants-History of an advertising Empiric, &c.

NEXT, to a graver tribe we turn our view,
And yield the praise to worth and science due;
But this with serious words and sober style,
For these are friends with whom we seldom
smile :

Helpers of men* they're call'd, and we confess
Theirs the deep study, theirs the lucky guess;
We own that numbers join with care and skill,
A temperate judgment, a devoted will;
Men who suppress their feelings, but who feel
The painful symptoms they delight to heal;
Patient in all their trials, they sustain
The starts of passion, the reproach of pain;
With hearts affected, but with looks serene,
Intent they wait through all the solemn

scene;

Glad if a hope should rise from nature's strife,
To aid their skill and save the lingering life;
But this must virtue's generous effort be,
And spring from nobler motives than a fee:
To the physicians of the soul, and these,
Turn the distress'd for safety, hope, and ease.
Opiferque per orbem dicor.

*

Approving voices-'tis to gain applause,
And to exalt them in the public view,
More than a life of worthy toil could do.
When 'tis proposed to make the man re-
nown'd,

In every age, convenient doubts abound;
Convenient themes in every period start,
Which he may treat with all the pomp of art;
Curious conjectures he may always make,
And either side of dubious questions take:
He may a system broach, or, if he please,
Start new opinions of an old disease;
Or may some simple in the woodland trace,
And be its patron, till it runs its race;
As rustic damsels from their woods are won,
And live in splendour till their race be run;
It weighs not much on what their powers be

shown,

When all his purpose is to make them known.
To show the world what long experience

Requires not courage, though it calls for pains;
gains,
But at life's outset to inform mankind,
Is a bold effort of a valiant mind.

The great good man, for noblest cause,
displays

What many labours taught, and many days;
These sound instruction from experience
give,

That they have genius, and they hope man-
The others show us how they mean to live;

kind

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And merit sighs to see a fortune made By daring rashness or by dull parade.

But these are trifling evils; there is one Which walks uncheck'd, and triumphs in the

sun:

There was a time, when we beheld the quack, On public stage, the licensed trade attack; He made his labour'd speech with poor parade;

And then a laughing zany lent him aid: Smiling we pass'd him, but we felt the while Pity so much, that soon we ceased to smile; Assured that fluent speech and flow'ry vest Disguised the troubles of a man distress'd. But now our quacks are gamesters, and they play

With craft and skill to ruin and betray; With monstrous promise they delude the mind,

And thrive on all that tortures human-kind.
Void of all honour, avaricious, rash,
The daring tribe compound their boasted
trash-

Tincture or syrup, lotion, drop or pill;
All tempt the sick to trust the lying bill;
And twenty names of cobblers turn'd to
squires,

Aid the bold language of these blushless liars. There are among them those who cannot read,

And yet they'll buy a patent, and succeed;
Will dare to promise dying sufferers aid,
For who, when dead, can threaten or up-
braid?

With cruel avarice still they recommend More draughts, more syrup to the journey's end :

'I feel it not; '-' Then take it every hour: ' 'It makes me worse; Why then it shows

its power:

'I fear to die; '-' Let not your spirits sink, You're always safe, while you believe and drink.'

How strange to add, in this nefarious trade, That men of parts are dupes by dunces made: That creatures, nature meant should clean our streets,

Have purchased lands and mansions, parks

and seats;

Wretches with conscience so obtuse, they leave Their untaught sons their parents to deceive; And when they're laid upon their dying-bed, No thought of murder comes into their head;

Nor one revengeful ghost to them appears, To fill the soul with penitential fears.

Yet not the whole of this imposing train Their gardens, seats, and carriages obtain ; Chiefly, indeed, they to the robbers fall, Who are most fitted to disgrace them all : But there is hazard-patents must be bought, Venders and puffers for the poison sought; And then in many a paper through the year, Must cures and cases, oaths and proofs appear;

Men

snatch'd from graves, as they were dropping in,

Their lungs cough'd up, their bones pierced through their skin;

Their liver all one scirrhus, and the frame Poison'd with evils which they dare not name; Men who spent all upon physicians' fees, Who never slept, nor had a moment's ease, Are now as roaches sound, and all as brisk as bees.

If the sick gudgeons to the bait attend, And come in shoals, the angler gains his end; But should the advertising cash be spent, Ere yet the town has due attention lent, Then bursts the bubble, and the hungry cheat Pines for the bread he ill deserves to eat; It is a lottery, and he shares perhaps The rich man's feast, or begs the pauper's scraps.

From powerful causes spring th' empiric's

gains,

Man's love of life, his weakness, and his pains; These first induce him the vile trash to try, Then lend his name, that other men may

buy:

This love of life, which in our nature rules, To vile imposture makes us dupes and tools; Then pain compels th' impatient soul to seize On promised hopes of instantaneous ease; And weakness too with every wish complies, Worn out and won by importunities.

Troubled with something in your bile or

blood,

You think your doctor does you little good; And, grown impatient, you require in haste The nervous cordial, nor dislike the taste; It comforts, heals, and strengthens; nay, you think

It makes you better every time you drink; Then lend your name '-you're loth, but yet confess

Its powers are great, and so you acquiesce :

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