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His silver beard, that swept his aged breast, His piercing eye, that inward light express'd, Were seen, but clouds and darkness veil'd the rest.

Fear chill'd my heart: to one of mortal race, How awful seem'd the Genius of the place! So in Cimmerian shores, Ulysses saw

And, lock'd within his bosom, bears about
A mental charm for every care without.
E'en in the pangs of each domestic grief,
Or health or vigorous hope affords relief;
And every wound the tortured bosom feels,
Or virtue bears, or some preserver heals;
Some generous friend, of ample power
possess'd;

Some feeling heart, that bleeds for the distress'd;

His parent-shade, and shrunk in pious awe; Like him I stood, and wrapt in thought profound, When from the pitying power broke forth a Some breast that glows with virtues all divine; Some noble RUTLAND, Misery's friend and thine.

solemn sound :

'Care lives with all; no rules, no precepts

save

The wise from wo, no fortitude the brave; Grief is to man as certain as the grave: Tempests and storms in life's whole progress rise,

And hope shines dimly through o'erclouded skies;

Some drops of comfort on the favour'd fall, But showers of sorrow are the lot of all: Partial to talents, then, shall Heav'n withdraw

Th' afflicting rod, or break the general law?
Shall he who soars, inspired by loftier views,
Life's little cares and little pains refuse?
Shall he not rather feel a double share
Of mortal wo, when doubly arm'd to bear?
'Hard is his fate who builds his peace of
mind

On the precarious mercy of mankind;
Who hopes for wild and visionary things,
And mounts o'er unknown seas with vent'rous
wings:

But as, of various evils that befal
The human race, some portion goes to all;
To him perhaps the milder lot's assign'd,
Who feels his consolation in his mind;

'Nor say, the Muse's song, the Poet's pen, Merit the scorn they meet from little men. With cautious freedom if the numbers flow, Not wildly high, nor pitifully low; If vice alone their honest aims oppose, Why so ashamed their friends, so loud their foes?

Happy for men in every age and clime,
If all the sons of vision dealt in rhyme.
Go on then, Son of Vision! still pursue
Thy airy dreams; the world is dreaming too.
Ambition's lofty views, the pomp of state,
The pride of wealth, the splendour of the
great,

Stripp'd of their mask, their cares and troubles known,

Are visions far less happy than thy own:
Go on! and, while the sons of care complain,
Be wisely gay and innocently vain ;
While serious souls are by their fears undone,
Blow sportive bladders in the beamy sun,
And call them worlds! and bid the greatest
show

More radiant colours in their worlds below:
Then, as they break, the slaves of care reprove,
And tell them, Such are all the toys they love.'

CR.

THE VILLAGE

[1783]

IN TWO BOOKS

BOOK I

Yes, thus the Muses sing of happy swains, Because the Muses never knew their pains : They boast their peasants' pipes; but pea

sants now

The Subject proposed Remarks upon Pastoral Poetry-A Tract of Country near the Coast described-An impoverished Borough Smugglers and their Assistants Rude Manners of the Inhabitants Resign their pipes and plod behind the plough; Ruinous Effects of a high Tide-The Village Life more generally considered: And few, amid the rural-tribe, have time Evils of it-The youthful Labourer-The To number syllables, and play with rhyme; old Man: his Soliloquy-The Parish Work- Save honest Duck, what son of verse could house its Inhabitants-The sick Poor: their Apothecary-The dying PauperThe Village Priest.

THE Village Life, and every care that reigns
O'er youthful peasants and declining swains;
What labour yields, and what, that labour
past,

Age, in its hour of languor, finds at last;
What form the real picture of the poor,
Demand a song-the Muse can give no more.
Fled are those times, when, in harmonious
strains,

The rustic poet praised his native plains:
No shepherds now, in smooth alternate verse,
Their country's beauty or their nymphs'
rehearse;

Yet still for these we frame the tender strain,
Still in our lays fond Corydons complain,
And shepherds' boys their amorous pains
reveal,

The only pains, alas! they never feel.

On Mincio's banks, in Caesar's bounteous reign,

If Tityrus found the Golden Age again,
Must sleepy bards the flattering dream pro-
long,

Mechanic echoes of the Mantuan song?
From Truth and Nature shall we widely stray,
Where Virgil, not where Fancy, leads the
way?

share

The poet's rapture, and the peasant's care?
Or the great labours of the field degrade,
With the new peril of a poorer trade?

From this chief cause these idle praises

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I grant indeed that fields and flocks have
charms

For him that grazes or for him that farms;
But when amid such pleasing scenes I trace
The poor laborious natives of the place,
And see the mid-day sun, with fervid ray,
On their bare heads and dewy temples play;
While some, with feebler heads and fainter
hearts,

Deplore their fortune, yet sustain their parts:
Then shall I dare these real ills to hide
In tinsel trappings of poetic pride?

No; cast by Fortune on a frowning coast,
Which neither groves nor happy valleys boast;
Where other cares than those the Muse relates,
And other shepherds dwell with other
mates;

By such examples taught, I paint the Cot,
As Truth will paint it, and as Bards will not:
Nor you, ye poor, of letter'd scorn complain,
To you the smoothest song is smooth in vain;
O'ercome by labour, and bow'd down by time,
Feel you the barren flattery of a rhyme ?
Can poets soothe you, when you pine for
bread,

By winding myrtles round your ruin'd shed?
Can their light tales your weighty griefs o'er-
power,

Or glad with airy mirth the toilsome hour? Lo! where the heath, with withering brake grown o'er,

While some huge Ajax, terrible and strong,
Engaged some artful stripling of the throng,
And fell beneath him, foil'd, while far around
Hoarse triumph rose, and rocks return'd the
sound?

Where now are these?-Beneath yon cliff
they stand,

To show the freighted pinnace where to land;
To load the ready steed with guilty haste,
To fly in terror o'er the pathless waste,
Or, when detected, in their straggling course,
To foil their foes by cunning or by force;
Or, yielding part (which equal knaves de
mand),

Lends the light turf that warms the neigh-To gain a lawless passport through the land. Here, wand'ring long, amid these frowning fields,

bouring poor;

From thence a length of burning sand appears,
Where the thin harvest waves its wither'd ears;
Rank weeds, that every art and care defy,
Reign o'er the land, and rob the blighted rye:
There thistles stretch their prickly arms afar,
And to the ragged infant threaten war;
There poppies nodding, mock the hope of toil;
There the blue bugloss paints the sterile soil;
Hardy and high, above the slender sheaf,
The slimy mallow waves her silky leaf;
O'er the young shoot the charlock throws a
shade,

I sought the simple life that Nature yields;
Rapine and Wrong and Fear usurp'd her place,
And a bold, artful, surly, savage race;
Who, only skill'd to take the finny tribe,
The yearly dinner, or septennial bribe,
Wait on the shore, and, as the waves run high,
On the tost vessel bend their eager eye,
Which to their coast directs its vent'rous way;
Theirs, or the ocean's, miserable prey.
As on their neighbouring beach yon swallows
stand,

And clasping tares cling round the sickly And wait for favouring winds to leave the

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While still for flight the ready wing is spread:
So waited I the favouring hour, and fled;
Fled from these shores where guilt and famine
reign,

And cried, Ah! hapless they who still remain;
Who still remain to hear the ocean roar,
Whose greedy waves devour the lessening
shore ;

sway,
Sweeps the low hut and all it holds away;
When the sad tenant weeps from door to door,
And begs a poor protection from the poor!

Whose outward splendour is but folly's dress,
Exposing most, when most it gilds distress. Till some fierce tide, with more imperious
Here joyless roam a wild amphibious race,
With sullen wo display'd in every face;
Who, far from civil arts and social fly,
And scowl at strangers with suspicious eye.
Here too the lawless merchant of the main
Draws from his plough th' intoxicated swain;
Want only claim'd the labour of the day,
But vice now steals his nightly rest away.
Where are the swains, who, daily labour
done,

With rural games play'd down the setting sun; Who struck with matchless force the bounding ball,

But these are scenes where Nature's niggard

hand

Gave a spare portion to the famish'd land;
Hers is the fault, if here mankind complain
Of fruitless toil and labour spent in vain ;
But yet in other scenes more fair in view,
Where Plenty smiles-alas! she smiles for

few

And those who taste not, yet behold her store, Or made the pond'rous quoit obliquely fall; Are as the slaves that dig the golden ore,—

The wealth around them makes them doubly poor.

Or will you deem them amply paid in health,

Labour's fair child, that languishes with wealth?

Go then! and see them rising with the sun, Through a long course of daily toil to run; See them beneath the dog-star's raging heat, When the knees tremble and the temples beat; Behold them, leaning on their scythes, look o'er The labour past, and toils to come explore; See them alternate suns and showers engage, And hoard up aches and anguish for their age; Through fens and marshy moors their steps pursue,

When their warm pores imbibe the evening dew;

Then own that labour may as fatal be
To these thy slaves, as thine excess to thee.
Amid this tribe too oft a manly pride
Strivesin strong toil the fainting heart to hide;
There may you see the youth of slender frame
Contend with weakness, weariness, and shame;
Yet, urged along, and proudly loth to yield,
He strives to join his fellows of the field.
Till long-contending nature droops at last,
Declining health rejects his poor repast,
His cheerless spouse the coming danger sees,
And mutual murmurs urge the slow disease.
Yet grant them health, 'tis not for us to tell,
Though the head droops not, that the heart
is well;

Or will you praise that homely, healthy fare, Plenteous and plain, that happy peasants share!

Oh! trifle not with wants you cannot feel, Nor mock the misery of a stinted meal; Homely, not wholesome, plain, not plenteous, such

As you who praise would never deign to touch.

Ye gentle souls, who dream of rural ease, Whom the smooth stream and smoother son

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Nor yet can Time itself obtain for these Life's latest comforts, due respect and ease; For yonder see that hoary swain, whose age Can with no cares except his own engage; Who, propp'd on that rude staff, looks up to

see

The bare arms broken from the withering tree, On which, a boy, he climb'd the loftiest bough, Then his first joy, but his sad emblem now. He once was chief in all the rustic trade; His steady hand the straightest furrow made; Full many a prize he won, and still is proud To find the triumphs of his youth allow'd; A transient pleasure sparkles in his eyes, He hears and smiles, then thinks again and sighs:

For now he journeys to his grave in pain; The rich disdain him; nay, the poor disdain:

Alternate masters now their slave command, Urge the weak efforts of his feeble hand, And, when his age attempts its task in vain, With ruthless taunts, of lazy poor complain.1 Oft may you see him, when he tends the

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wind;

There it abides till younger buds come on, As I, now all my fellow-swains are gone; Then, from the rising generation thrust, It falls, like me, unnoticed to the dust.

"These fruitful fields, these numerous flocks I see,

Are others' gain, but killing cares to me;
To me the children of my youth are lords,
Cool in their looks, but hasty in their words :
Wants of their own demand their care; and
who

Feels his own want and succours others too?
A lonely, wretched man, in pain I go,
None need my help, and none relieve my wo;

Then let my bones beneath the turf be laid,

And men forget the wretch they would not aid.'

Thus groan the old, till, by disease oppress'd, They taste a final wo, and then they rest.

Theirs is yon house that holds the parishpoor,

How would ye bear to draw your latest breath, Where all that 's wretched paves the way for death?

Such is that room which one rude beam

divides,

And naked rafters form the sloping sides; Where the vile bands that bind the thatch are seen,

Whose walls of mud scarce bear the broken And lath and mud are all that lie between; Save one dull pane, that, coarsely patch'd,

door;

There, where the putrid vapours, flagging, play,

And the dull wheel hums doleful through the day ;

There children dwell who know no parents' care;

Parents, who know no children's love, dwell

there!

Heartbroken matrons on their joyless bed,
Forsaken wives, and mothers never wed;
Dejected widows with unheeded tears,
And crippled age with more than childhood
fears;

gives way

To the rude tempest, yet excludes the day:
Here, on a matted flock, with dust o'erspread,
The drooping wretch reclines his languid
head;

For him no hand the cordial cup applies,
Or wipes the tear that stagnates in his eyes;
No friends with soft discourse his pain beguile,
Or promise hope till sickness wears a smile.

But soon a loud and hasty summons calls, Shakes the thin roof, and echoes round the walls;

Anon, a figure enters, quaintly neat,

The lame, the blind, and, far the happiest All pride and business, bustle and conceit;

they!

The moping idiot and the madman gay. Here too the sick their final doom receive, Here brought, amid the scenes of grief, to grieve,

Where the loud groans from some sad chamber flow,

Mix'd with the clamours of the crowd below; Here, sorrowing, they each kindred sorrow

scan,

And the cold charities of man to man: Whose laws indeed for ruin'd age provide, And strong compulsion plucks the scrap from pride;

But still that scrap is bought with many a sigh,

And pride embitters what it can't deny.

Say ye, oppress'd by some fantastic woes, Some jarring nerve that baffles your repose; Who press the downy couch, while slaves advance

With timid eye, to read the distant glance; Who with sad prayers the weary doctor tease, To name the nameless ever-new disease; Who with mock patience dire complaints endure,

Which real pain and that alone can cure; How would ye bear in real pain to lie, Despised, neglected, left alone to die?

With looks unalter'd by these scenes of wo, With speed that, entering, speaks his haste

to go,

He bids the gazing throng around him fly,
And carries fate and physic in his eye:
A potent quack, long versed in human ills,
Who first insults the victim whom he kills;
Whose murd'rous hand a drowsy Bench
protect,

And whose most tender mercy is neglect.

Paid by the parish for attendance here,
He wears contempt upon his sapient sneer;
In haste he seeks the bed where Misery lies,
Impatience mark'd in his averted eyes;
And, some habitual queries hurried o'er,
Without reply, he rushes on the door :
His drooping patient, long inured to pain,
And long unheeded, knows remonstrance
vain ;

He ceases now the feeble help to crave
Of man; and silent sinks into the grave.

But ere his death some pious doubts arise, Some simple fears, which 'bold bad' men despise ;

Fain would he ask the parish-priest to prove His title certain to the joys above:

For this he sends the murmuring nurse, who

calls

The holy stranger to these dismal walls:

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