He

King, and Black, on his next move, must repel the attack. In this case, he can do so in various ways. He may, in the first place, interpose his K Kt Pawn, by moving it one square. The Pawn would then in turn attack the Bishop. He might also interpose his Rook, moving it one square forwards. can likewise move the King to Q 2nd. He cannot, however, move him to Q sq., as there he would be in check with the Bishop on K 7th. He may, on the other hand, take the lastmentioned Bishop with the King, or he may leave the King on his square, and take the Bishop which gives the check with his Queen.

When either player has his King in check, and is unable to parry the attack by any of the methods above described, he is checkmated, and he loses the game. If checkmate cannot be

given by either player, the game is drawn.

The following diagram exhibits a simple form of check

mate:

No. 5.

Here the Queen checks the Black King, which cannot move to any square beyond the command of the Queen. He cannot take the Queen, as the square on which she stands is commanded by the King. Black is therefore checkmated.

We will now give a more complex example of checkmate:

In this position, we will assume that Black has to play. He has several moves at command, but none that can prevent White from giving mate on the following move. If Black take Queen with Rook, White mates by playing Kt to Q Kt 7th. If Kt take Kt, or B take B, or Kt play to Q square, White mates with his Queen on her 2nd square.

CHECK BY DISCOVERY AND DOUBLE CHECK.

When a piece or Pawn, on being moved, unmasks check from another piece, it is called "check by discovery;" and if a

piece, in revealing check by discovery, moves to a square where it gives check itself, it is called "double check." An instance is given in Diagram 7. The Bishop, in moving to Q 5th, checks the Black King, and unmasks check with the Rook.

STALEMATE.

A player is said to be stalemated when, the King not being actually in check, he is in such a position that, it being his turn to play, he cannot move without going into check, and has, at the same time, no other piece or Pawn that can be moved. Stalemate is a drawn game.

The following is an example or stalemate:

Here, it being Black's turn to play, it is obvious that he cannot move. The King cannot go either to Q Kt sq. or to Q Kt 2nd, as those squares are guarded by the Bishop and Pawn respectively; whilst he cannot move his Knight, as this would expose the King to check with the Rook. The Black King not being in check, he is stalemated, and, as neither player can give checkmate, it is a drawn game.

It often happens with a superior player giving large odds, that his only mode of saving his game is by drawing his unwary opponent, who is in the eager anticipation of victory, into the giving of stalemate.

SMOTHERED MATE.

This is a description of mate which can be effected only by the Knight, when the adverse King is surrounded, or smothered, by his own forces.

The following is an example of smothered mate :

In this position, it being White's turn to play, he can give smothered mate in two moves: first playing his Queen to Q Kt 8th, checking; Black would be compelled to take Queen with Knight (he could not take it with his King, as the square is commanded by the Bishop at K R 2nd), when White would mate by playing his Kt to QB 7th. The Black King is thus mated, in consequence of his being surrounded, or smothered, by his own men.

PERPETUAL CHECK.

It may sometimes happen that the only way in which a player can avoid losing the game, is by being able to give check