done, any act in comtemplation or furtherance of a dispute or controversy between a gas, telegraph, telephone, electric light, electric power, or railroad corporation and its employees or workmen, wrongfully and without legal authority, uses violence towards, or intimidates any person, in any way or by any means, with intent thereby to compel such person against his will to do, or abstain from doing, any act which he has a legal right to do or abstain from doing; or, on the premises of such corporation, by bribery, or in any manner or by any means, induces, or endeavors, or attempts to induce, such person to leave the employment and service of such corporation with intent thereby to further the objects of such combination or agreement; or in any way interferes with such person while in the performance of his duty; or threatens or persistently follows such person in a disorderly manner, or injures or threatens to injure his property with either of said intents, shall be punished by fine not exceeding three hundred dollars, or imprisonment not exceeding three months. SEC. 11. Refusing to move cars of another road.—Any person in the employment of a railroad corporation, who, in furtherance of the interests of either party to a dispute between another railroad. corporation and its employees, refuses to aid in moving the cars of such other corporation, or trains in whole or in part made up of the cars of such other corporation, over the tracks of the corporation employing him; or refuses to aid in loading or discharging such cars, in violation of his duty as such employee, shall be punished by fine not exceeding five hundred dollars, or imprisonment in the State prison or in jail not exceeding one year.

CHAPTER 128.-—Intimidation of employees

SECTION 25. Preventing employment.-Any employer, employee, or other person, who by threats of injury, intimidation, or force, alone or in combination with others, prevents any person from entering into, continuing in, or leaving the employment of any person, firm, or corporation, shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than two years, or by fine not exceeding five hundred dollars.

Hours of labor of women and children

(P. 1650. Acts of 1915, ch. 350)

SECTION 1 (as amended 1923, ch. 198). Work time.-No female shall be employed in any workshop, factory, manufacturing or mechanical establishment or laundry more than nine hours in any one day; except when a different apportionment of the hours of labor is made for the sole purpose of making a shorter day's work for one day of the week; and in no case shall the hours of labor exceed fifty-four in a week. And no minor under sixteen years of age shall be employed in any of the said establishments or occupations more than eight hours in any one day.

SEC. 2 (as amended 1919, ch. 191). Night work.-No minor under sixteen years of age shall be employed or permitted to work in or in connection with any of the establishments or occupations named in section one of this act, or in any bowling alley or pool room, before the hour of six-thirty o'clock in the morning or after the hour of six o'clock in the evening of any one day.

SEC. 3. Hours of labor in mercantile establishments, offices, etc.-No male minor under sixteen years of age and no female shall be employed in any telephone exchange employing more than three operators or in any mercantile establishment, store, restaurant, telegraph office, or by any express or transportation company in the State of Maine more than fifty-four hours in any one week. The provisions of this section shall not apply between the seventeenth day of December and the twenty-fourth day of December, both inclusive, and shall not apply during the eight days prior to Easter Sunday to persons employed in millinery shops or stores. In cases of emergency, in which there is danger to property, life, public safety or public health, and in cases of extraordinary public requirement the provisions of this act shall not apply to employers [employees] engaged in public service.

SEC. 4. Time for meals.-No female shall, except in cases of emergency or extraordinary public requirement as provided in section three of this act, be employed or permitted to work for more than six hours continuously at one time in any establishment or occupation named in sections one and three of this act in which three or more such females are employed without an interval of at least one hour; except that such female may be so employed for not more than six and one-half hours continuously at one time if such emplyment ends not later than half-past one o'clock in the afternoon and if she is then dismissed for the remainder of the day.

SEC. 5. Law to be posted.-Every employer except those hereinafter designated, shall post and keep posted in a conspicuous place in every room in any establishment or place of occupation named in sections one and three of this act in which females or male minors under sixteen years of age are employed, a printed notice stating the number of hours such females or male minors are required or permitted to work on each day of the week, the hours of beginning and ending, and the recess allowed for meals: Provided, however, That every employer engaged in furnishing public service or in any other kind of business in respect to which the State department of labor and industry shall find that public necessity or convenience requires the employment of women or male minors as aforesaid by shifts during different periods or parts of the day shall post in a conspicuous place in every room in which such presons are employed, a printed notice stating separately the hours of employment for each shift or hour of duty, and the amount of time allowed for meals. The printed form of such notice shall be furnished by the commissioner of labor and industry and State factory inspector.

The employment of any such female or male minor for a longer time in any day than that stated in the printed notice, or, in case the hours named in such notice are less than as provided in sections one and three of this act, the employment of any such female or male minor for a longer time in any day than as provided in sections one and three of this act shall be deemed a violation of the provisions of this section except in cases of emergency or extraordinary public requirement as provided in section three of this act, and in such cases no employment in excess of the hours authorized under the provisions of this act shall be considered as legalized until a written report of the day and hour of its occurrence and its duration is sent to the commissioner of labor and industry and State factory inspector. Whenever the nature of the business makes it impracticable to fix the recess allowed for meals at the same time for all females or male minors employed, the commissioner of labor and industry and State factory inspector may issue a permit dispensing with the posting of the hours when the recess allowed for meals begins and ends, and requiring only the posting of the total number of hours which females or male minors are required or permitted to work on each day of the week, and the hours of beginning and stopping such work. Such permit shall be kept by such employer upon such premises, and exhibited to the commissioner of labor and industry and State factory inspector, his deputy, or any authorized agent of the labor department, who is hereby authorized to enforce this act.

SEC. 6. Records.-Every employer shall keep a time book or record for every female and every male minor under sixteen years of age employed in any establishment or occupation named in sections one and three of this act, stating the number of hours worked by each female and each male minor under sixteen years of age on each day of the week. Such time book or record shall be open at all reasonable hours to the inspection of the commissioner of labor and industry and State factory inspector, his deputy, or any authorized agent of the labor department. Any employer who fails to keep such record as required by this section or makes any false entry therein, or refuses to exhibit such time book or record, or makes any false statement to the commissioner of labor and industry and State factory inspector, his deputy or any authorized agent of the labor department, in reply to any question put in carrying out the provisions of this act shall be liable for a violation thereof.

SEC. 7. Violations.-[Violations incur penalty of fine, $25 to $50 for first offense; $50 to $200 for second offense; for third and subsequent offenses, $250 to $500.]

SEC. 8. Canneries, etc.-Nothing in the seven preceding sections shall apply to any manufacturing establishment or business the materials and products of which are perishable and require immediate labor thereon to prevent decay thereof or damage thereto.

ACTS OF 1923

CHAPTER 149.-Inspection of steam vessels-Masters, etc., to be licensed SECTIONS 1-13. Inspection, safety provisions; licenses.-[This act gives the public utilities commission jurisdiction over vessels on the inland waters of the State engaged in the transportion of persons and property. Such vessels must be inspected and certified annually, the boiler and its equipments tested, proper steam pressure determined, etc. A life preserver for each passenger and member of the crew must be provided. Masters, pilots, engineers, and operators must be examined and receive licenses renewable annually.]

MARYLAND

PUBLIC GENERAL LAWS-CODE OF 1911, 1914

ARTICLE 7.-Arbitration of labor disputes

SECTION 1. Investigations.-Whenever any controversy shall arise between any corporation incorporated by this State in which this State may be interested as a stockholder or creditor, and any person in the employment or service of such corporation, which, in the opinion of the board of public works, shall tend to impair the usefulness or prosperity of such corporation, the said board of public works shall have power to demand and receive a statement of the grounds of said controversy from the parties to the same; and if, in their judgment, there shall be occasion so to do, they shall have the right to propose to the parties to said controversy, or to any of them, that the same shall be settled by arbitration; and if the opposing parties to said controversy shall consent and agree to said arbitration, it shall be the duty of the said board of public works to provide in due form for the submission of the said controversy to arbitration, in such manner that the same may be finally settled and determined; but if the said corporation, or the said person in its employment or service, so engaged in controversy with the said corporation, shall refuse to submit to such arbitration, it shall be the duty of the said board of public works to examine into and ascertain the cause of said controversy, and to report the same to the next general assembly. SEC. 2. Scope of act.-All subjects of dispute arising between corporations, and any person in their employment or service, and all subjects of dispute between employers and employees in any trade or manufacture may be settled and adjusted in the manner hereafter mentioned.

SEC. 3. Either party may demand arbitration.-Whenever such subjects of dispute shall arise as aforesaid, it shall be lawful for either party to the same to demand and have an arbitration or reference thereof in manner following, that is to say-where the party complaining and the party complained of shall come before, or agree, by any writing under their hands, to abide by the determination of any judge or justice of the peace, it shall and may be lawful for such judge or justice of the peace to hear and finally determine in a summary manner the matter in dispute between such parties; but if such parties shall not come before, or so agree to abide by the determination of such judge or justice of the peace, but shall agree to submit their said cause of dispute to arbitrators, appointed under the provisions of this article, then it shall be lawful for any such judge or justice of the peace, and such judge or justice of the peace is hereby required, on complaint made before him, and proof that such agreement for arbitration had been entered into, to appoint arbitrators for settling the matters in dispute; and such judge or justice of the peace shall then and there propose not less than two nor more than four persons, one-half of whom shall be employers and the other half employees, acceptable to the parties to the dispute, respectively, who, together with said judge or justice of the peace, shall have full power finally to hear and determine such dispute.

SEC. 4. Mutual agreement. In all such cases of dispute as aforesaid, as in all other cases, if the parties mutually agree that the matter in dispute shall be arbitrated and determined in a mode different from the one hereby prescribed, such agreement shall be valid, and the award and determination thereon by either mode of arbitration shall be final and conclusive between the parties.

SEC. 5. Third parties may act.-It shall be lawful in all cases for any employer or employee, by writing under his hand, to authorize any person to act for him in submitting to arbitration and attending the same.

SEC. 6. Determination of dispute.-Every determination of dispute by any judge or justice of the peace shall be given as a judgment of the court over which said judge presides, and of the justice of the peace determining the same; and the said judge or justice of the peace shall award execution thereon as upon verdict, confession, or nonsuit; and every award made by arbitrators appointed by any judge or justice of the peace under the provisions of this

article shall be returned by said arbitrators to the judge of justice of the peace by whom they were appointed; and said judge or justice of the peace shall enter the same as an amicable action between the parties to the same in the court presided over by said judge or justice of the peace, with the same effect as if said action had been regularly commenced in said court by due process of law, and shall thereupon become a judgment of said court, and execution thereon shall be awarded as upon verdict, confession, or nonsuit; and in all proceedings under this article, whether before a judge or justice of the peace, or arbitrators, costs shall be taxed as are now allowed by law in similar proceedings, and the same shall be paid equally by the parties to the dispute; such award shall remain four days in court during its sitting, after the return thereof, before any judgment shall be entered thereon; and if it shall appear to the court within that time that the same was obtained by fraud or malpractice in or by surprise, imposition, or deception of the arbitrators, or without due notice to the parties or their attorneys, the court may set aside such award and refuse to give judgment thereon.

ARTICLE 9.-Exemption of wages from attachment

SECTION 33. One hundred dollars exempt.-No attachments of the wages or hire of any laborer or employee, in the hands of the employer, whether private individuals or bodies corporate, shall affect any salary or wages of the debtor which are not actually due at the date of the attachment; and the sum of one hundred dollars of such wages or hire due to any laborer or employee by any employer or corporation shall always be exempt from attachment by any process whatever.

SEC. 34. Nonresidents.--The wages or hire of any person or persons, not residing in this State, shall be subject to attachment upon judgment, warrant, or upon two non ests, in the same manner and to no larger extent than the wages or hire of any person or persons, resident in this State.

ARTICLE 23.-Payment of wages-Semimonthly pay day

SECTION 123. Wages to be paid, when.—* Every association or corporation doing business in the State of Maryland employing wageworkers, whether skilled or ordinary laborers, engaged in manual or clerical work, in the business of mining, manufacturing, operating a steam or electric railroad, street railway, telegraph, telephone, or express company, shall make payment in lawful money of the United States semimonthly to said employees, laborers, and wageworkers, or to their authorized agents, at their respective places of employment, at intervals of not more than sixteen days and not more [less] than fourteen days. In case any said corporations or associations doing business as aforesaid, or any of their officers, shall refuse to make payment at the times above set forth to their wageworkers, laborers, or other employees the wages due them or any of them, said association, corporation, or officer so refusing shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and be liable to indictment therefor, and, upon conviction, shall be fined a sum not exceeding two hundred dollars for each offense.

ARTICLE 23.-Company stores

SECTION 311. Company stores forbidden to certain corporations.-No railroad or mining company formed or organized under any of the provisions of this article, or which has organized under any existing laws, charter, or act of the general assembly of this State, shall own, conduct, or carry on any store, or have any interest in any store, or receive any portion of the profits thereof; but nothing herein contained shall prevent the employees of any corporation from forming cooperative stores.

ARTICLE 23.-Forced contributions from railroad employees

SECTION 315. Withholding wages.-It shall not be lawful for any railroad company doing business in this State to withhold any part of the wages of its employees for the benefit of any relief association or the members thereof. Any railroad company violating the provisions of this section shall upon conviction be fined not less than fifty ($50) dollars nor more than five hundred ($500) dollars for each and every offense.

ARTICLE 23.-Days of rest for railroad employees

SECTION 325-A. Scope of law. Any person employed as signalman, towerman, gateman, lever man, agent, train dispatcher, telegraph or telephone operator in a railroad signal tower or public railroad station to receive or transmit a telegraphic or telephonic message or train order for the movement of trains and who works eight hours or more in any twenty-four each and every day continuously, and all lever men employed in connection with the reception or transmission of a telegraphic or telephonic message or train order for the movement of trains and who work the number of hours aforesaid must have and shall be allowed at least two days of twenty-four hours each in each and every calendar month for rest with the regular compensation; except in cases of extraordinary emergency caused by accident, fire, flood, or danger to life or property, and for such extra service in case or cases of such emergency, such employee or employees who shall work on extra days by reason of such emergency shall be paid in addition to his regular compensation for and during the calendar month in which such extra service shall be rendered an amount equal to his average daily compensation for each day during which he performs such extra service. Any person or persons, company, corporation, or association who shall violate any of the provisions of this section shall on conviction pay a fine of not less than one hundred dollars ($100) for each violation thereof, and such fine shall be recovered by an action of debt in the name of the State of Maryland for the use of the State, which shall sue for it against such person, company, corporation, or association violating this section, said suit to be instituted in any court of this State having appropriate jurisdiction, and such fine when recovered, as aforesaid, shall be paid without any deduction whatever, one-half thereof to the informer and the balance thereof to be paid into the public-school fund of the State of Maryland.

ARTICE 23.-Employment of children-Messenger service

SECTION 375. Night work.-[Forbids telegraph, telephone, and messenger companies to employ any person under 14 in messenger service, or anyone under 16 between 8 p. m. and 8 a. m.]

SEC. 376. Minors not to go to certain places.-[Forbids same to cause or permit any minor to go to any house of ill repute or questionable character.] SEC. 377. Penalty.-[Penalties of fine or imprisonment or both for violations.]

ARTICLE 23.-Accidents on railroads, etc.-Reports and investigations

SECTION 434. Duty of commission.-[The public service commission must investigate all accidents on street and steam railroads causing loss of life or personal injury which in its judgment require investigation. Reports are to be made of such accidents within 30 days, but may not be admitted as evidence in any suit for damages.]

ARTICLE 27.-Labor agreements not conspiracy

SECTION 33. Combinations not conspiracy, when.-An agreement or combination by two or more persons to do or procure to be done any act in contemplation or furtherance of a trade dispute between employers and workmen, shall not be indictable as a conspiracy, if such act, committed by one person, would not be punishable as an offense; nothing in this section shall affect the law re lating to riot, unlawful assembly, breach of the peace, or any offense against any person or against property.

ARTICLE 27.-Seats for female employees in mercantile establishments

SECTION 260. Seats required.~[Proprietors of wholesale and retail stores, and other places where female help is employed to serve the public, must furnish each female employee a chair or stool for use when not actively engaged in the duties of her employment; use must not be forbidden. Penalties are provided; department of health to enforce.]

ARTICLE 27-Factory regulations

SECTION 264. Establishments to be registered.-The owner of every factory, manufacturing and mechanical establishment and workshop, and of every store