must be communicated by all drivers, motor men and trip riders, and every person receiving a signal of danger. Failing to give notice entails a fine of from $10 to $200, or imprisonment not to exceed three months, or both; failure to install a telephone system entails a fine of from $100 to $500 or imprisonment 60 days to 12 months, or both. Each week's failure constitutes a separate offense.]

SECS. 12, 13. Check numbers.-[Changing, removing, altering or placing a check number on any car or pit car in or about a mine with intent to defraud any miner or loader is a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of not over $100 or imprisonment not to exceed one month, or both.]

SEC. 14. Inspectors.-[Chief and assistant inspectors must be 30 years of age, for two years bona fide residents of the State, and have passed the examination for mine superintendents (see also secs. 3947, 3950).]

SEC. 15. Assistant foremen.-[Where a mine foreman can not perform the duties required of him, an assistant may be employed, who shall hold a certificate as gas man or mine foreman.]

SECS. 16, 17. Hindering fire boss.-[No company, officer, mine foreman or other person may in any way interfere with a fire boss by intimidation or otherwise in the discharge of his duties, under penalty of a fine of from $100 to $500, or imprisonment not less than 30 days nor more than 12 months, or both.]

ACTS OF 1915

CHAPTER 30.-Railroads-Hospitals for employees

SECTION 1. Hospitals to be provided, when.—All railroad companies operating a line or lines, of railroad in the State of Oklahoma, or any association or corporation which have [has] heretofore collected, are [is] now collecting, or which may hereafter collect fees or sums of money from the employees of such railroad, association or corporation, or for the purpose or providing or maintaining hospital service for such employees when sick or injured, shall upon the order of the Corporation Commission of the State of Oklahoma, provide adequate hospital facilities within the State of Oklahoma for its employees who may be injured or become sick.

SEC. 2. Power of commission.-Jurisdiction and authority is hereby conferred on the corporation commission to make investigation, require reports, as to the adequacy of such hospital facilities and condition of funds and by order, require all railroad companies, associations, or corporations operating in the State of Oklahoma to establish such facilities as in the discretion of the commission may be necessary for the prompt and proper relief and medical attention of such sick and injured employees: Provided, No employee shall be taken out of the State of Oklahoma for treatment, without the written consent of such employee, or in case such employee shall be incapable to give or refuse such consent then the company surgeon, if present, or if not present, the coemployees of the sick or injured party, shall be authorized to give such consent, and further, that all corporations, companies, associations, or firms operating railroads within the State and who shall maintain hospitals without the State, shall be permitted to take all sick and injured employees to the hospital either within or without the State where the first medical or surgical service and attention can be secured.

SEC. 3. Investigations.-The corporation commission shall make investigations authorized in section 2 of this act, upon its own motion or complaint of an employee of the railroad company, but shall in no case, disclose the name of the employee making the complaint unless authorized to do so by such employee.

CHAPTER 148 (as amended 1919, ch. 163).-Employment of women-Hours of

labor

SECTION 1. Nine-hour day.-No female shall be employed or permitted to work in any manufacturing, mechanical or mercantile establishment, laundry, bakery, hotel or restaurant, office building or warehouse, telegraph or telephone establishment or office or printing establishment, or book bindery, or any theater, show-house or place of amusement or any other establishment employing any female, more than nine (9) hours in any one day, nor more than fifty-four (54) hours in any one week.

SEC. 2. Hours of work.-The hours of work may be so arranged to permit the employment of females at any time so that they shall not work more than nize

(9) hours within twenty-four (24) hours, of any one day: Provided, however,' That in time of great disaster, calamity or epidemic, telephone establishments may work their operators, with their consent, for a greater number of hours in any one day than above stated, said operators to be paid not less than double their regular compensation for such extra time: Provided, That this act shall not apply to females who are registered pharmacists, or employed as nurses or those engaged in agricultural or domestic service: And provided further, however, That in case of emergency in hotels and restaurants, females may work to a maximum of ten (10) hours during the twenty-four with their consent; such females to be paid not less than double their regular compensation for such extra time: And provided further, That this act shall apply only to towns and cities containing a population of five thousand (5,000) or more, as shown by the last Federal census, or any Federal census hereafter taken: Provided, however, That the provisions of this act shall apply to any of the establishments mentioned in section one of this act, where five or more females are employed, and located outside of the incorporated limits of any city or within the limits of any city, town or village of less than five thousand (5,000) population.

SEC. 3. Toilets and seats.-Every employer in any manufacturing, mechanical or mercantile establishment, or workshop, laundry, printing office, dressmaking or millinery establishment, hotel, restaurant, or theater or telegraph or telephone establishment and office, or any other establishment employing females, shall provide adequate and suitable toilet facilities for such employees and shall provide suitable seats for all female employees and permit them to use such seats when not engaged in the active performance of the duties of their enployment.

CHAPTER 222.-Free public employment office at Tulsa

SECTION 1. Branch office. The commissioner of labor is hereby authorized to establish at Tulsa, Oklahoma, a branch of the Oklahoma free employment bureau, and to appoint an attendant for said agency whose salary shall not exceed the sum of $900 per annum, and all necessary expenses incurred in the conducting of said agency: Provided, Said expenses shall not exceed $300 per year.

ACTS OF 1917

CHAPTER 181-Private employment offices

SECTION 1. License.-A license issued by the commissioner of labor, on payment of an annual fee of $50, is required for all employment agencies. Licenses are nontransferable, but may be used in a different location on notice to the commissioners.]

SECS. 2, 3. Bond; revocation of license.-[A bond of $500 is required conditioned on compliance with the law. Licenses may be revoked for violation of any of the provisions of the act. The commissioner of labor may call witnesses, examine papers, etc., in connection with revocation proceedings, and may apply to the district judge for a writ of contempt to enforce obedience to subpoenas.] SEC. 4. Sign.-[No sign or advertisement may carry a name similar to that of the State free employment bureau.]

SEC. 5. Registers.-[Registers must be kept, showing name, sex, age, occupation, fee charged, etc., also showing names and addresses of persons to whom help is furnished, and the nature of the employment.]

SEC. 6. Receipts.-[Receipts must be issued to all persons for whom positions are secured, showing name, age, sex, occupation, fee charged, and the name and address of the employer, and the wages to be paid. A copy is to be sent to the commissioner of labor, and one kept on file.]

SEC. 7. Registration.-[No fee may be charged for registration or an agreement to furnish employment or help.]

SECS. 8, 9. Fees.-[Fees for procuring employment may not exceed 5 per cent of the first month's wages, where the employment is for one month or more; in other cases not more than $1; and in no case may a fee be charged both the employer and the employee. No other charge may be made.

If the applicant fails to procure employment he may demand the return of his fee, and if he was sent beyond the limits of the city, his actual expenses incurred by reason of failure to receive the employment. Dividing fees subjects the agency to a fine of not less than $50 nor more than $100, or imprisonment not over 6 months.]

SEC. 10. Acts forbidden.-[Sending any female to any place of bad repute or immoral resort, or giving false information or making false entries in the registers is forbidden.]

SECS. 11, 12. Fulfilling contracts.-[Employers who have workmen brought into the State, or transferred from one point to another in the State by means of an employment agency must immediately fulfill the terms of their contracts as to furnishing employment, or within 12 hours furnish transportation and cost of meals and lodging for the return of the workmen to their original starting point, under penalty of a fine of from $50 to $100. The commissioner shall, after investigating the facts, order all employment agents in the State to refuse further service to such employers.]

SEC. 13. Scope.-[Included under the act are manual and mechanical labor, and clerical, domestic, and professional service.]

SECS. 14, 15. Enforcement.-[Enforcement of the act rests with the commissioner of labor, who may issue such rules and regulations as he deems necessary to make its provisions effective. It is his duty to prosecute violations, which if not specifically provided for, are punishable by a fine of from $5 to $100 or imprisonment not over 6 months, or both; but for sending a female to a place of bad repute or immoral resort, the penalty is imprisonment not less than 30 days nor more than 6 months, and no license may again issue to such violator of the law.]

SEC. 16. Exception.—[Charitable organizations not charging a fee are not included under this act.]

CHAPTER 146.-Inspection of steam boilers

SECTION 1. Inspectors.-[The State factory inspector and his assistants, under the direction of the commissioner of labor, are to supervise the work of inspecting and, as far as possible, of installing steam boilers in the State.] SEC. 2. Scope.-[Annual inspection is required of all steam boilers operated in the State except those under Federal jurisdiction, locomotive boilers, and boilers not exceeding 15 pounds gauge pressure, and threshing engines during the threshing season. Internal and external inspection are repaired, and the hammer and hydraulic test when deemed necessary.]

SEC. 3. Unsafe boilers.-[Boilers found defective must be repaired as directed, or their use may be prohibited.]

SEC. 4. Insurance inspectors.-[Inspection under the direction of insurance companies may be accepted by the labor commissioner.]

SEC. 5. Rules.-[The factory inspector, under the direction of the commissioner of labor, is authorized to make rules and issue orders for the safety of steam boilers, covering also appurtenances and boiler rooms.]

SEC. 6. Hindering inspection.-[Hindering inspectors in the preformance of their duties is forbidden.]

SEC. 7. Violations.—[Violation of the law or of inspector's orders is punishable by a fine of from $100 to $500, or imprisonment not over 6 months, or both.]

OREGON

OREGON LAWS-1920

Suits for wages-No property exempt

SECTION 227. Exemptions, property.-[Specific articles and values of property of a judgment debtor are exempt from execution, except where the claim is for labor performed for a person engaged in a business, trade or occupation, to enable him to carry the same on, in which case no article, tool, implement or apparatus used in the undertaking, or money due the employer on account. thereof, shall be exempt.]

Exemption of wages from execution

SECTION 228 (as amended 1923, ch. 204). Exemptions, wages.-[The earnings of a judgment debtor for 30 days prior to service of attachment, etc., not exceeding $75 in amount, are exempt on a showing of necessity for the support of his family; but if the debt is for family expenses, 50 per cent of such earnings are exempt.]

Garnishment of wages-Public employees

SECTION 258. Garnishment.-[Wages and salaries of public employees are subject to garnishment, etc., in the hands of the officer charged with the payment of the same, in the same manner as property in the possession of individuals.]

Wages as preferred claims

SECTION 1110. Receiverships.-[Wages accrued within six months prior to the appointment of a receiver must be paid out of the first receipts, after the payment of current operating expenses; and must be paid at least every 30 days out of the first receipts and earnings. If these do not suffice to make such payments, certificates bearing interest at 8 per cent must be issued, to be redeemed out of the first receipts and earnings available.]

SEC. 1295. Administration.-[Wage debts rank next after funeral charges, United States taxes, expenses of last sickness, State and local taxes, debts preferred under United States laws and debts secured by liens at the time of the employee's death.]

CHAPTER 313.-Employers' advances-Fraudulent representations

SECTION 2025-2 (a). Offenses.-Every person who, with intent to defraud, shall sign for and accept or receive transportation to or in the direction of a place of employment provided by or at the instance or expense of the proposed employer, or who shall knowingly or with intent to defraud accept or receive the benefit of any other pecuniary advancements made by or at the instance or expense of his employer, as advances against wages for labor to be performed, and who shall neglect or refuse to render service or perform labor or pay in money equal in value to such transportation or other benefits accepted or received, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be fined not exceeding $100 or imprisoned not exceeding sixty days, or both such fine and imprisonment at the discretion of the court; and the failure or refusal of any such person to render service, perform labor, or pay in money, for such transportation or other benefits, shall be prima facie evidence of his or her intent to defraud: Provided, That at or prior to the time of advancing such transportation or other benefits the employer shall have delivered directly to such laborer or shall have filed in duplicate with the employment agency through which any such laborer is secured, one copy of which shall be delivered to such laborer, a written or printed statement setting forth the wages to be paid, the character

1

of the work to be performed, and the living and working conditions: Provided further, That such wages to be paid, the character of the work to be performed and the living and working conditions must be as in such written or printed statement represented.

SEC. 2025-2 (b). False statements.-Every employer of labor who shall directly or through any agent, knowingly and with intent to deceive, file with any employment agency as a preliminary to securing labor, a false written or printed statement of wages to be paid, work to be performed, or living and working conditions, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be fined not to exceed $100 or imprisoned not to exceed sixty days, or both such fine and imprisonment at the discretion of the court; and the failure or refusal of such employer to employ any laborer, to whom such written or printed statement has been delivered, shall be prima facie evidence of intent to deceive.

Protection of employees as voters

SECTION 2060. Attempting to influence vote.—Any person or corporation who directly or indirectly uses any force, violence, or restraint, or inflicts or threatens to inflict any injury, damage, harm, or loss, or in any other manner practices intimidation upon or against any person in his or its employ, in order to induce or compel such person to refrain from voting at any election, or to vote or to refrain from voting for or against any person or persons, or for or against any proposition submitted to the voters at such election, or to place or cause to be placed, or refrain from placing or causing to be placed, his name upon a registry of voters, or on account of any person having so voted or refrained from voting at such election, or having registered or refrained from registering as a voter; or by abduction, duress, or any forcible or fraudulent device or contrivance whatsoever impedes, prevents, or otherwise interferes with the free exercise of the elective franchise by any such employee; or compels, induces, or prevails upon any voter to give or refrain from giving his vote for or against any particular person or proposition, at any election; or, being an employer, pays his employee the salary or wages due him in pay envelopes upon which there is written or printed any political motto, device, or argument containing threats, expressed or implied, intended or calculated to influence the political opinions or actions of such employees; or within ninety days of a general election puts or otherwise exhibits in the establishment or place where his employees are engaged in labor, any handbill or placard containing any threat, notice, or information that if any particular ticket or candidate is elected or defeated work in his place or establishment will cease in whole or in part, his establishment be closed up or the wages of his employees reduced, or other threats, expressed or implied, intended or calculated to influence the political opinions or actions of his or its employee, is guilty of a misdemeanor. SEC. 2061. Violations.-Any person or corporation found guilty of a violation of any of the provisions of the preceding section of this act shall be fined in a sum not less than $100 nor more than $1,000, and, if a corporation, shall in addition forfeit its charter.

Interference with employers and employees-Coercion

SECTION 2176. Interference with employment of labor, etc.-If any person shali, by force, threats, or intimidation, prevent, or endeavor to prevent, any person employed by another from continuing or performing his work, or from accepting any new work or employment; or if any person shall eirculate any false written or printed matter, or be concerned in the circulation of any such matter, to induce others not to buy from or sell to or have dealings with any person, for the purpose or with the intent to prevent such person from employing any person, or to force or compel him to employ or discharge from his employment anyone, or to alter his mode of carrying on his business, or to limit or increase the number of his employees or their rate of wages or time of service, such person shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be imprisoned in the county jail not more than six nor less than one month, or by fine of not less than $10 nor more than $200.

The action of the executive committee of a labor union in going to an establishment and directing the members of the union at work there to cease their work under penalty of being dealt with according to the rules of the union, is not, in the absence of acts of intimidation and violence, unlawful under this section. 26 Oreg. 544.