dictions of the people of Baltimore and of the whole country. Governor-General Prevost, of Canada, was so certain of an easy victory at Baltimore that he ordered rejoicings on account of the capture of Washington to be postponed until after the capture of Baltimore should be reported. Locust Point is to be transformed into a park of the city of Baltimore, but the fort is to remain intact.

McIlwaine, RICHARD, clergyman; born in Petersburg, Va., May 20, 1834; graduated at Hampden - Sidney College in 1853, and afterwards studied at the Union Theological Seminary of Virginia, and at the Free Church College of Edinburgh, Scotland. Returning to the United States, he was ordained a Presbyterian minister in December, 1858. Subsequently he held pastorates at Amelia, Farmville, and Lynchburg, Va. He served in the Confederate army as lieutenant and chaplain of the 44th Virginia Regiment. In 187283 he was secretary of the boards of home and foreign missions of the Southern Presbyterian Church, and in the latter year became president of Hampden-Sidney College.

McIntosh, LACHLAN, military officer; born near Inverness, Scotland, March 17, ing-room of Henry Laurens, in Charleston, 1725. His father, at the head of 100 of as clerk. Making himself familiar with the clan McIntosh, came to Georgia with military tactics, he was ready to enter

the field when the Revolutionary War be- Declaration of Independence, and was one

gan, and he served faithfully in that struggle, rising to the rank of brigadier-general. BUTTON GWINNETT (q. v.) persecuted McIntosh beyond endurance, and he called the persecutor a scoundrel. A duel ensued, and in it Gwinnett was killed. McIntosh was at the siege of Savannah in 1779, and was made a prisoner at Charleston in 1780. In 1784 he was in Congress, and the next year was a commissioner to treat with the Southern Indians. He died in Savannah, Feb. 20, 1806.

of the committee that drew up the Articles
of Confederation. From 1777 till 1779 he
held the office of president of the State of
Delaware; also executed the duties of
chief-justice of Pennsylvania.
He was
governor of Pennsylvania, 1799-1808. He
died in Philadelphia, June 24, 1817.

McKean, WILLIAM WISTER, naval officer; born in Huntingdon county, Pa., Sept. 19, 1800; was a son of Judge Joseph Borden McKean and nephew of Gov. Thomas McKean. He entered the navy as midshipman in 1814; became a lieutenant in 1825, Mackay, CHARLES, author; born in a commander in 1841, captain in 1855, Perth, Scotland, in 1814; educated in Lon- and commodore in July, 1862, when he don and Brussels; was connected with the was retired. In command of a schooner, London Morning Chronicle in 1834-44; under Commodore Porter, he assisted that editor of the Glasgow Argus in 1844-47. officer (1823-24) in suppressing piracy Subsequently he visited the United States, in the West Indies. In 1860 he was enwhere he lectured on Songs-National, gaged in the special service of conveying Historical, and Popular. Returning to the Japanese embassy home. He was govEngland, he established the London Re- ernor of the Naval Asylum, Philadelphia, view. In 1862 he again came to the in 1858-61, and was for a short time after United States and for three years was his return from Japan in command of the war correspondent for the London Times. Western Gulf blockading squadron. He He published Life and Liberty in Amer-died near Binghamton, N. Y., April 22, ica; Gaelic Etymology of the English Lan- 1865.

guage; etc. He died in December, 188). McKelway, ST. CLAIR, journalist; born Mackay, JOHN WILLIAM, capitalist; in Columbia, Mo., March 15, 1845; eduborn in Dublin, Ireland, Nov. 28, 1831; cated at Trenton, N. J.; admitted to the worked in mines in California and Ne- bar in 1866, but never practised. He vada; was one of the discoverers of the became editor of the Brooklyn Daily Bonanza mines of the Comstock lode; a Eagle in 1883, and afterwards a regent of founder and the president of the Nevada the University of the State of New York. Bank of San Francisco; and with James He is an honorary member of the Long Gordon Bennett established the Commercial Cable Company, which laid two cables across the Atlantic Ocean. He died in London, England, July 20, 1902.

McKean, THOMAS, signer of the Declaration of Independence; born in New London, Chester co., Pa., March 19, 1734; was admitted to the bar in 1757, and chosen clerk of the Assembly. He was a member of that body for the county of New Castle, from 1762 to 1779, and member of the Stamp Act Congress in 1765. He and Lynch and Otis framed the address to the British Parliament. He held several local offices, and in 1774-83 was a member of the Continental Congress. McKean was the only man who was a member of that body continually during the whole period of the war. He was active in procuring a unanimous vote for the

Island Historical Society and of the Society of Medical Jurisprudence, and a director of the American Social Science Association. Mr. McKelway is widely known as a speaker and writer on educational and historical subjects.

McKenna, JOSEPH, jurist; born in Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 10, 1843; was a student in St. Joseph's College; removed to Benicia, Cal., in 1855; and was admitted to the bar there in 1865. He was twice district attorney for Solano county, and in 1875-76 a member of the State legislature. In 1885 he was elected to Congress, where he served till 1893, when he was appointed a United States circuit judge. From March, 1897, till January, 1898, he was United States Attorney-General, and then became an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court.

McKenney, THOMAS LORRAINE, author; his voyage was terminated by ice and he born in Hopewell, Md., March 21, 1785; returned to his place of departure, Fort was educated in Chestertown, Md.; and Chippewayan. He had reached lat. 69° 1′ was made superintendent of the bureau N. In October, 1792, he crossed the conof Indian affairs in 1824. His publica- tinent to the Pacific Ocean, which he tions include Sketches of a Tour to the reached in July, 1793, in lat. 51° 21′ N. Lakes, etc.; A History of the Indian He returned, went to England, and pubTribes; Essays on the Spirit of Jackso- lished (1801) Voyages from Montreal, on nianism as Exemplified in its Deadly Hos- the River St. Lawrence, through the Contility to the Bank of the United States, tinent of North America, to the Frozen etc.; Memoirs, Official and Personal, with and Pacific Oceans, in the Years 1789 and Sketches of Travels among the Northern 1793, with excellent maps. He was and Southern Indians, etc. He died in knighted in 1802, and died in Dalhousie, New York City, Feb. 19, 1859. Scotland, March 12, 1820.

was

Mackenzie, ALEXANDER SLIDELL, naval officer; born in New York City, April 6, 1803; joined the navy in 1815; was promoted commander in 1841. While in charge of the brig Somers, the crew of which was composed chiefly of naval apprentices, he discovered a mutinous plot on board, and immediately called a council of officers, which after a careful examination advised that the three persons principally involved in the affair be executed. On Dec. 1, 1842, the decision was put into effect. Soon after the Somers reached New York a court of inquiry began an investigation, which fully approved Mackenzie's action, and later he acquitted by a court-martial before which he was tried. He was, however, severely criticised by many, as the young men whom he had executed were of good social standing, one of them being a son of John C. Spencer, then Secretary of War. The decision of the court-martial did not quiet this criticism, which greatly embittered the remainder of Mackenzie's life. His publications include Popular Essays on Naval Subjects; The American in England; Life of John Paul Jones; Life of Commodore Oliver H. Perry; Life of Commodore Stephen Decatur, etc. He died in Tarrytown, N. Y., Sept. 13, 1848.

Mackenzie, WILLIAM LYON, journalist; born in Dundee, Scotland, March 12, 1795; kept a circulating library near Dundee when he was seventeen years of age, and was afterwards clerk to Lord Lonsdale, in England. He went to Canada in 1820, where he was engaged successfully in the book and drug trade in Toronto. He entered political life in 1823; edited the Colonial Advocate (1824-33) and was a natural agitator. He criticised the government party, and efforts to suppress his paper failed. Rioters destroyed his office in 1826, and the people, whose cause he advocated, elected him to the Canadian Parliament. Five times he was expelled from that body for alleged libels in his newspaper, and was as often re-elected, until finally the Assembly got rid of him by refusing to issue a writ for a new election. He went to England in 1832, with a petition of grievances to the home government. In 1836 Toronto was incorporated a city, and Mackenzie was chosen its first mayor. He engaged, as a leader, in the Canadian Rebellion (see CANADA), when he was outlawed by his government, his property was confiscated, and he fled to the United States. Arrested at Rochester by the United States authorities on a charge of Mackenzie, SIR ALEXANDER, explorer; a violation of the neutrality laws, he was born in Inverness, Scotland, about 1755; sentenced to eighteen months' imprisonwas early engaged in the fur-trade in ment in the county jail of Monroe. Canada. He set out to explore the vast the end of that time he went to New York, wilderness northward in June, 1789, hav- where he was the actuary of the Mechaning spent a year previously in England ics' Institute, and with his family restudying astronomy and navigation. At sided in the basement of their school buildthe western part of the Great Slave Lake ing. He was editorially connected with he entered a river in an unexplored wil- the New York Tribune for some time, and derness, and gave his name to it. Its published Mackenzie's Gazette. In 1850 course was followed until July 12, when his government pardoned him, restored his

At

confiscated property, and he returned to of the American Safe Deposit Company Canada, where he was elected to Parlia- in New York City, residences and summer