stan and Henry VIII.; but all additions, including the editor's notes, are carefully distinguished. The treatment to which the original work has been subjected may appear at first blush harsh and ungracious, and it was undertaken with sincere reluctance. But the merits were so many and so great, and the difficulties in the way of its general use so obvious and decisive, that it was deemed, on the whole, necessary and praiseworthy to place the author's original methods and his noble and humane views in an acceptable form before the youth of this country. The useful maps have been retained, and another, showing the Saxon kingdoms in the tenth century, has been borrowed from Freeman's. Owing to the decease of Mr. Guest there was no opportunity to confer with him upon the subject of this revision. F. H. U. BOSTON, July 29, 1885. PREFACE TO THE ORIGINAL WORK. In these days of many books it seems necessary to give a few words of apology or explanation for venturing to add another to the number, especially on a subject already so well worked as to be almost trite. The only apology I can offer is, that in writing these Lectures I had no most distant intention of making a book. They were genuine Lectures, given week by week to a class of students in the College for Men and Women in Queen Square. My pupils and I having wandered for some time in the intricate mazes of modern English Grammar, and finding the study somewhat barren, I proposed that we should turn our attention to English History, as likely to bring more interest, variety, and fruitfulness to our work. When I began to prepare the lessons, I found indeed innumerable books, but no book, no one book, which was not either too learned, too copious, too trivial, or too condensed for my exact purpose. I had neither power nor ambition to bring new materials, but I had to choose and shape afresh those already so bountifully provided, in order to reach my aim, which was to awaken a real and vivid interest in so noble a study as that of the life and growth of England through 2000 years. Whilst owning obligations to so many, I may, perhaps, be permitted to express my special indebtedness to Mr. Green, not only for the constant guidance of his most original and delightful "History of the English People," but also for his valuable suggestions as to the authorities most helpful in the study of each period. It seemed likely that others might have felt a need similar to my own, and that the Lectures might be useful to readers as well as hearers. A point which, perhaps, needs explanation, is the large number of quotations and extracts I have given. My reason for doing this was the great desire I felt to induce my pupils to read for themselves; to enjoy individually the same delight which I found in the old literature of our country; to live themselves back as far as possible into the very times of which we were speaking; to breathe the same air, think the same thoughts, feel the same feelings as our fathers had done. To read or hear the facts, opinions, and inferences gleaned by another person from those old books, is like reading travels in unknown lands, and seeing them with the traveller's eyes; but to study the old books themselves is like travelling in those lands and seeing them with our own. The very first advice my book is meant to enforce is Read, read for yourselves. If I may seem occasionally to abate somewhat of the respect due from a writer to his unknown readers, my excuse must be, that in preparing these lectures for the press, I have never been able to forget the kindly faces of the dear friends and pupils who surrounded me when they were first given, and who made my work so truly a labor of love. CONTENTS. Pre-historic England and its inhabitants. The palæolithic period -man and the contemporary animals. The neolithic period. The bronze The Romans- their position in the world at the beginning of British his- tory-their armies, navy, colonies, religion, and morality— their laws- treatment of subject nations-habits and amusements - their slaves The ancient Britons- their language, religion, education, commerce, and arts their relations on the Continent-their connection with the great The decay of the Roman Empire. Origin of the English people. The Ger- mans or Teutons- their laws, manners, language, and religion CHAPTER VI. THE COMING OF THE ENGLISH. Departure of the Romans. The Picts and Scots. The settlements of the CHAPTER VII. THE CONVERSION OF THE The introduction of Christianity. Gregory the Great. State of Christian- ity in the sixth century. Civilizing influence of the Christian teachers. |