Commerce among the States is not a technical legal conception, but a practical one drawn from the course of business. Protection accorded to interstate commerce by the Federal Constitution extends to the sale by the receiver of the goods in the original packages. An attack by state authorities upon purchasers of goods manufactured in and shipped from another State, inflicts injury upon the manufacturer by reducing the interstate sales, and if this result can only be prevented by complying with illegal demands, under an unconstitutional state statute, equity will grant relief. Regulating the sale of food for domestic animals is properly within the scope of the state police power, and the vendors of such food are not deprived of their property without due process of law by a regulation requiring disclosure of ingredients and minimum percentage of fat and proteins, disclosure of the formula for combinanation not being required; and so held as to the statute of Indiana of 1907. Quare whether a State can require disclosure of formulas for trade secret for mixture of a harmless article whose value depends upon the mixture. While the State cannot, under cover of exerting its police power, directly regulate or burden interstate commerce, a police regulation which has real relation to the proper protection of the people, and is reasonable in its terms, and does not conflict with any valid act of Congress, is not unconstitutional because it may incidentally affect interstate commerce. Where a state police statute involving inspection of goods is enforced by the affixing of stamps, it will not be held unconstitutional as a revenue measure in disguise if the bill does not allege any facts to show that the charge for stamps is unreasonable and the total sale is so much in excess of the cost of inspection as to impute bad faith. One whose sales are so large as to require stamps far in excess of the minimum amount to be issued is not prejudiced by the requirement to purchase such minimum amount of stamps. No state statute which even affects incidentally interstate commerce is valid if it is repugnant to the Federal Food and Drugs Act of June 30, 1906, the object of which is to prevent adulteration and misbranding and keep adulterated and misbranded articles out of interstate commerce. Where an act of Congress relating to a subject on which the State may act also, limits its prohibitions, it leaves the subject open to state regulation as to the prohibitions which are unenumerated. In determining whether a Federal act overrides a state law, the 225 U.S. Statement of the Case. entire scheme must be considered and that which needs must be implied has no less force than that which is expressed. The intent of Congress to supersede the exercise by the States of their police power will not be inferred unless the act of Congress, fairly interpreted, is in actual conflict with the law of the State. The statute of Indiana regulating the sale, and requiring formula of ingredients of, concentrated commercial food for stock is a proper and reasonable exercise of legislative police authority for the protection of the people of the State. The act is not unconstitutional as depriving a vendor of such food who lives in another State and ships it therefrom to Indiana either as a regulation of, or burden upon, interstate commerce, as depriving any vendor thereof of his property without due process of law, or as a revenue measure beyond the power of the State, nor does the requirement for publishing the ingredients conflict in any manner with the Food and Drugs Act of 1906. Although the Food and Drugs Act prohibits misbranding it does not require publication of ingredients, and in that respect the field is left open for state legislation. THIS is an appeal from a decree of the Circuit Court sustaining a demurrer to the bill for want of equity. The suit was brought by Marion W. Savage, a citizen of Minnesota, to restrain the defendant, the State Chemist of Indiana, from taking proceedings to enforce an act of the General Assembly of that State (Acts 1907, chapter 206) as applied to the sales of the complainant's product, a preparation for domestic animals known as "International Stock Food." The act is set forth in the margin.1 1 Acts 1907, Chapter 206, Page 354, Indiana. An Act to provide for the inspection and analysis of, and to regulate the sale of concentrated commercial feeding stuff in the State of Indiana; to prohibit the sale of fraudulent or adulterated concentrated commercial feeding stuffs; to define the term concentrated commercial feeding stuffs; to provide for guarantees of the ingredients of concentrated commercial feeding stuffs; for the affixing of labels and stamps to the packages thereof, as evidence of the guarantee and inspection thereof; to provide for the collection of an inspection fee from the Statement of the Case. 225 U.S. The bill alleges that the complainant has for many years been engaged in Minnesota in the manufacture of medic manufacturers of, or dealers in concentrated commercial feeding stuffs; to fix penalties for the violation of the provisions of this act, and to authorize the expenditure of the funds derived from the inspection fees. SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the general assembly of the State of Indiana, That before any concentrated commercial feeding stuff is sold, offered or exposed for sale in Indiana, the manufacturer, importer, dealer, agent or person who causes it to be sold, or offered for sale, by sample, or otherwise, within this state, shall file with the state chemist of Indiana at the Indiana agricultural experiment station, Purdue university, a statement that he desires to offer such concentrated commercial feeding stuff for sale in this state, and also a certificate, the execution of which shall be sworn to before a notary public, or other proper official, for registration, stating the name of the manufacturer, the location of the principal office of the manufacturer, the name, brand or trade-mark under which the concentrated commercial feeding stuff will be sold, the ingredients from which the concentrated commercial feeding stuff is compounded, and the minimum percentage of crude fat or crude protein allowing one per cent. of nitrogen to equal six and twenty-five hundredths per cent. of protein, and the maximum percentage of crude fibre which the manufacturer, or person offering the concentrated commercial feeding stuff for sale guarantees it to contain; these constituents to be determined by the methods recommended by the association of official agricultural chemists of the United States. SEC. 2. Any person, company, corporation or agent that shall sell or offer, or expose for sale, any concentrated commercial feeding stuff in this state, shall affix, or cause to be affixed to every package or sample of such concentrated commercial feeding stuff in a conspicuous place on the outside thereof, a tag or label which shall be accepted as a guarantee of the manufacturer, importer, dealer or agent and which shall have plainly printed thereon in the English language, the number of net pounds of concentrated commercial feeding stuff in the package, the name, brand, or trade-mark under which the concentrated commercial feeding stuff is sold, the name of the manufacturer, the location of the principal office of the manufacturer, and the guaranteed analysis stating the minimum percentage of crude fat and crude protein, determined as described in section 1, and the ingredients from which the concentrated commercial feeding stuff is compounded. For each one hundred pounds, or fraction thereof, the person, company, corporation or agent, shall also affix the stamp purchased from the state chemist, showing 225 U.S. Statement of the Case. inal preparations, one of which is called "International Stock Food" and is sold in every State in the Union as that the concentrated commercial feeding stuff has been registered as required by section one of this act, and that the inspection tax has been paid. When concentrated commercial feeding stuff is sold in bulk a tag as herein before described, and a state chemist stamp shall be delivered to the consumer with each one hundred pounds, or fraction thereof: Provided, That for wheat bran a special stamp covering fifty pounds shall be issued on request, and one such stamp, attached to the tag hereinbefore mentioned, shall be delivered to the purchaser with each fifty pounds or fraction thereof. SEC. 3. The state chemist shall register the facts set forth in the certificate required by section one of this act in a permanent record, and shall furnish stamps or labels showing the registration of such certificate to manufacturers or agents desiring to sell the concentrated commercial feeding stuff so registered at such times and in such numbers as the manufacturers or agents may desire: Provided, That the state chemist shall not be required to sell stamps or labels in less amount than to the value of five dollars ($5.00) or multiples of five dollars for any one concentrated commercial feeding stuff: Provided, further, That the state chemist shall not be required to register any certificate unless accompanied by an order and fees for stamps or labels to the value of five dollars ($5.00) or some multiple of five dollars: Provided, further, That such stamps or labels shall be printed in such form as the state chemist may prescribe: Provided, further, That such stamps or labels shall be good until used. SEC. 4. On or before January 31st of each year, each and every manufacturer, importer, dealer, agent or person, who causes any concentrated commercial feeding stuff to be sold or offered or exposed for sale in the State of Indiana shall file with the state chemist of Indiana a sworn statement, giving the number of net pounds of each brand of concentrated commercial feeding stuff he has sold or caused to be offered for sale in the state for the previous year ending with December 31st: Provided, That when the manufacturer, jobber or importer of any concentrated commercial feeding stuff shall have filed the statement aforesaid, any person acting as agent for said manufacturer, importer or jobber, shall not be required to file such statement. SEC. 5. For the expense incurred in registering, inspecting and analyzing concentrated commercial feeding stuffs, the state chemist shall receive for stamps or labels furnished, one dollar per hundred: Provided, That for wheat bran a special stamp as required by section 2 of Statement of the Case. 225 U.S. well as in many foreign countries; that he has invested large amounts of money in building up a lucrative trade this act shall be furnished at fifty cents per hundred. The money for said stamps, or labels, shall be forwarded to the said state chemist, who shall pay all such fees received by him to the director of the Indiana agricultural experiment station, Purdue university, by whom they shall be paid into the treasury of said Indiana agricultural experiment station, the board of control of which shall expend the same, on proper vouchers to be filed with the auditor of state in meeting all necessary expenses in carrying out the provisions of this act, including the employment of inspectors, chemists, expenses in procuring samples, printing bulletins giving the results of the work of feeding stuff inspection, as provided for by this act, and for any other expenses of said Indiana agricultural experiment station as authorized by law. The director of said experiment station shall make to the governor, on or before February 15th of each year, a classified report showing the total receipts and expenditures of all fees received under the provisions of this act. SEC. 6. Any person, company, corporation or agent that shall offer for sale, sell or expose for sale any package or sample or any quantity of any concentrated commercial feeding stuff which has not been registered with the state chemist as required by section 1 of this act, or which does not have affixed to it the tag and stamp required by section 2 of this act, or which is found by an analysis made by or under the direction of the state chemist to contain a smaller percentage of crude fat or crude protein than the minimum guarantee, or which shall be labeled with a false or inaccurate guarantee, or who shall adulterate any concentrated commercial feeding stuff with foreign mineral matter or other foreign substance, such as rice hulls, chaff, mill sweepings, peanut shells, corn bran, corncob meal, oat hulls, oat clippings, or other materials of less or of little or no feeding value without plainly stating on the label hereinbefore described, the kind and amount of such mixture, or who shall adulterate with any substance injurious to the health of domestic animals, or who shall alter the stamp, tag or label of the state chemist, or shall use the name and title of the state chemist on a stamp, tag or label not furnished by the state chemist, or shall use the stamp, tag or label of the state chemist the second time, or shall refuse or fail to make the sworn statement required by section 4 of this act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be fined in the sum of fifty dollars for the first offense, and in the sum of one hundred dollars for each subsequent offense. In all litigation arising from the purchase or sale of any concentrated commercial |