Probably not many supervisors would agree with this conclusion, but every superintendent knows that length of service alone does not increase the efficiency of teachers. Many superintendents and boards of education are, therefore, offering premiums in salary schedules for advanced education, for professional training, and for merit. Salary schedules based upon experience, education, training, and success usually group the teachers into three or four classes. Before a teacher is eligible for a higher class she must meet certain requirements in experience, education, training, and efficiency. The following is a suggestive schedule for a school board requiring one year's training in addition to a four-year high-school course: Class D.-To be eligible to this class a candidate must have completed a fouryear high-school course and have had 36 weeks' professional training. Those eligible to this class will receive the minimum salary. Class C.-To be eligible to this class a teacher must have had 48 weeks of professional preparation and 2 years' experience, unless 72 weeks of professional training had been secured before entering class D, in which case only 1 year's experience is required to enter class C. A success grade of 80 is required. Class B.-To be eligible to this class a teacher must have had 60 weeks of professional training and 4 years' experience, unless 72 weeks' professional training has been secured before entering class D or C, in which case only 3 years' experience is required to enter class B. A success grade of 85 is required. Class A. To be eligible to this class a teacher must have had 72 weeks of professional training and 6 years' experience, except for those who have had 72 weeks' professional training before entering class B or C, in which case only 5 years' experience is demanded. A success grade of 90 is required. Those eligible to this class will receive the maximum salary. It will be noted that 12 weeks' additional preparation is demanded by this schedule before a teacher can advance to the next class. In some schools six weeks would no doubt be more practicable. At any rate some additional professional preparation should be demanded of those who have not had 72 weeks in a professional school before they are permitted to enter a higher class. If a school board requires two years' professional preparation to enter the lowest class, the following program is suggestive: Class D.-To be eligible to this class, a candidate must have had 72 weeks' professional training in addition to a four-year high-school course. Those eligible to this class will receive the minimum salary. Class C.-To be eligible to this class, a teacher must have had one year's experience and a success grade of 80. Class B. To be eligible to this class a teacher must have had three years' experience and a success grade of 85. Class A.-To be eligible to this class a teacher must have had 78 weeks' professional training, 5 years' experience, and a success grade of 90. Those eligible to this class will receive the maximum salary. Some such salary schedule as this requires additional preparation, even if the teacher has had two years' normal-school training. Too often the normal-school graduate fails to prepare herself further after completing the normal course. A salary schedule similar to this would not permit an increase in salary after the fifth year without further preparation. Superintendents everywhere testify to the value of salary schedules based upon experience, additional preparation, and merit. The following testimonial is typical: One of the far-reaching movements in the schools of our city has been the organization of the system of employment and promotion of teachers and fixing their salaries. The new schedule, which classifies teachers according to experience, preparation, and success, rather than upon experience alone is having the effect of arousing teachers to the necessity of making professional preparation for the responsible work they have to do. Never before in the history of the schools have so many teachers attended summer schools, colleges, and universities. More teachers' periodicals are being read than ever before, and teachers are taking every advantage to improve themselves in the technique of their profession. The following are examples of salary schedules in operation, based upon experience, education, and merit: REQUIREMENTS FOR THE GRADES. OWENSBORO, KY. Class C.-To be eligible to class C a teacher must have the following qualifications: 1. Graduation from an accredited high school or recognized equivalent. 2. A minimum of 20 weeks' study in some standard normal school or college. The course must include some observation work or practice teaching. 3. A State or city certificate. The salary of teachers of this class shall be $40 per month. Class B. To be eligible to class B the teacher must have the following qualifications: 1. Graduation from an accredited high school or recognized equivalent. 2. A minimum of 36 weeks' study in a standard normal school or college. At least one-fourth of this work must be along professional lines and must include both observation work and practice teaching. 3. Experience of 27 months or more in Owensboro city schools or schools of equal standing. 4. A success grade of 85 or above. 5. A State or city certificate. The salary of teachers of class B shall be: For grades 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, $55 per month; for grades 2, 3, 4, $52.50 per month. Class A. To be eligible to class A the teacher must have the following qualifications: 1. Graduation from an accredited high school or recognized equivalent. 2. Graduation from an accredited normal school or college requiring at least a 2-years course above the accredited high school. One-fourth of this work must be along professional lines and must include at least 20 weeks of observation work and practice teaching. 3. Experience of 45 months or more in Owensboro schools, or schools of equal standing. 4. A success grade of 95 or above. 5. A life State diploma or certificate. The salary of teachers of this group shall be: For grades 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, $65 per month; for grades 2, 3, 4, $62.50. BEAVER FALLS, PA. Class 1.-Teachers holding a permanent State certificate, State normalschool diploma, or a permanent college certificate and showing evidence of at least three years' successful experience in schools approved by the board. Class 2.-Teachers holding a professional certificate, State normal-school certificate. or professional college certificate and showing evidence of at least two years' successful experience in schools approved by the board. Class 3.-Teachers holding a provisional certificate, State normal-school certificate, a provisional college certificate, without three years' successful experience in schools approved by the board. Minimum and maximum salaries are fixed for classes 2 and 3, and a minimum and maximum automatic increase is fixed for class 1. Teachers belonging to class 1 who possess special qualifications may receive a salary beyond the maximum for automatic increase. Provision is made for an automatic increase in salary according to a definite increment for a teacher having a satisfactory efficiency record until she reaches the maximum salary for the class to which she belongs or acquires the qualifications which place her in another class. Each teacher is given her rating twice a year before it is reported to the school board. The State law of Indiana regarding the promotion of teachers on advance in scholarship and on successful experience is worthy of note: The daily wages of teachers for teaching in the public schools of the State shall not be less, in the case of beginning teachers, than an amount determined by multiplying 24 cents by the general average given such teacher on his highest grade of license at the time of contracting. For teachers having had a successful experience for one school year of not less than six months the daily wages shall be not less than an amount determined by multiplying 3 cents by the general average given such teacher on his highest grade of license at the time of contracting. For teachers having had a successful experience for three or more school years of not less than six months each the daily wages shall be not less than an amount determined by multiplying 3 cents by the general average given such teacher on his highest grade of license at the time of contracting. For teachers having had a successful experience of five or more school years of not less than six months each the daily wages shall be not less than an amount determined by multiplying 4 cents by the general average given such teacher on his highest grade of license at the time of contracting. All teachers now exempt from examination shall be paid as daily wages for teaching in the public schools not less than an amount determined by multiplying 34 cents by the general average of scholarship and success given such teacher: Provided, That the grade of scholarship accounted in each case be that given at the teacher's last examination, and that the grade of success accounted be that of the teacher's term last preceding the date of contracting: And provided further, That 2 per cent shall be added to the teacher's general average of scholarship and success for attending the county institute the full number of days, and that said 2 per cent shall be added to the average scholarship of beginning teachers. The qualifications required for teaching for the different classes shall be as follows: (a) A teacher without experience: Shall be a graduate of a high school or its equivalent. Shall have had not less than one term of 12 weeks' work in a school maintaining a professional course for the training of teachers: Provided, That completion of one year or more in a recognized college shall be accepted in lieu of 12 weeks' work in a school maintaining a professional course for the training of teachers. Shall have not less than a 12 months' license. (b) A teacher with one school year's experience: Shall be a graduate of a high school or its equivalent. Shall have not less than two terms or 24 weeks' work in a school maintaining a professional course for the training of teachers or the equivalent of such work: Provided, That the one year of college work optional for a teacher without experience shall be accepted as one of the required two terms of work in this class. Shall have a two "ears' license. Shall have a success grade. (c) A teacher with three or more years' successful experience: Shall be a graduate of a high school or its equivalent. Shall be a graduate from a school maintaining a professional course for the training of teachers, or its equivalent. Shall have a three years', five years', eight years', or a life license. Shall have a success grade. (d) A teacher with five or more years' successful experience: Shall be a graduate of a high school or its equivalent. Shall be a graduate from a school maintaining a professional course for the training of teachers, or its equivalent. Shall have taught as a class (c) teacher two or more years previous to entering this class. Shall have a three years', five years', eight years', or life license. Shall have a success grade: Provided, That for teachers already in the service prior to August, 1908, successful experience in teaching shall be accepted as an equivalent for high-school and professional training, as required by all the above classifications.1 REGULATIONS. Just what rules a school board should make regarding teachers undoubtedly depends largely upon local conditions. There are some excellent schools where there are few rules relating to teachers. It has become a pedagogic axiom that the best teachers make few rules for the government of their classes. The same principle presumably applies to the making of rules for the government of teachers and other employees. A few rules are necessary, so that employees may know their relation to each other. The general opinion is that a school board should not make rules regarding the use of a teacher's time outside of school hours, the important question being whether the teacher secured results. It is always understood that any conduct unbecoming a teacher can not be tolerated, but rules forbidding teachers to attend social affairs and to teach private or evening classes are seldom considered necessary. 1 Indiana School Laws, 1913, pp. 100-102. The following table, based upon the rules and regulations of 50 of the small cities, shows the different duties assigned teachers and the number of boards specifically assigning these duties: To be at school building a certain number of minutes before the opening of school_____ To maintain good order____. 50 43 Keep daily program posted, and adhere to it 31 Report neglect of janitors___. Keep daily record regarding attendance, etc., of pupils---. Make such reports as are required by the superintendent or the board.. Not enter upon social duties that will detract from classroom work. 50 44 38 6 5 15 Attend teachers' meetings.. 36 Inspect walls, books, etc., from time to time and report condition to superintendent__. 12 Not go out or have callers during the week_- 1 Not leave room when special teachers are giving a lesson__ 12 Be granted leave of absence for a day or two to visit other schools.. Report each case of corporal punishment to principal or superintendent___. Not engage in evening school work or give private lessons unless given special permission 35 2 Not visit other teachers after pupils begin to arrive.... 25 Not criticize other teachers___ 1 Take immediate steps to ascertain cause of pupil's absence_. 22 Report misconduct on school premises--- 8 Be present on playgrounds at recess periods.. 8 Not distribute advertising material or make announcements regarding affairs not conneoted with the schools____. When expecting to be absent notify superintendent in due time....... Not send pupils on errands without consent of principal or superintendent__ Refer all complaints of parents to principal or superintendent--- To be held responsible for neatness of room and care of furniture, books, etc.. Not resign without giving due and timely notice__ Whether school boards requiring written contracts with teachers should accept resignations during the term is a question that nearly all boards are called upon to decide. Of 1,311 superintendents reporting, 866 say that their school boards always accept teachers' resignations. Of 1,311 reporting, 1,047 say that their school boards enter into a written contract with teachers. There has been little legislation on the subject of accepting resignations. In Pennsylvania, for instance, if a teacher's resignation is not accepted, and if |