ing the names of some of the candidates of the party with which he is not affiliated, he is said to scratch the names of those of his own party that he omits. Scripomania.-A name applied to the craze for speculation in the stock of the Bank of the United States in 1791; also called Scripophobia. Scripophobia.-(See Scripomania.) Scrub Race for the Presidency. The presidential contest of 1824 was so called. The candidates, John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, William H. Crawford and Henry Clay, being all of the same party, the contest was merely a personal one; the truth of the comparison implied in the name, is obvious. Search, Right of.-(See Right of Search.) Secession. The claim of the right of a State to secede from the Union is founded on the doctrine of "State sovereignty." But the right of secession or peaceable withdrawal must not be confounded with the right of revolution or violent revolt against unbearable oppression; in the latter case there is no claim of legal right; the appeal is to force and the revolutionists know that failure means the punishment inflicted for treason. This claim has been put forward by nearly every State of the Union in its turn and has on such occasions usually been condemned by the others as treasonable. It was either involved in or explicitly put forward by the "Kentucky Resolutions," the Hartford Convention," and the Nullification Ordinance.” 66 The discussion preceding the annexation of Texas, led to threats of secession, in the North to follow the annexation, in the South to follow a refusal to annex. It is thus seen that the doctrine had been ventilated North and South, but no real attempt to secede had been made. There had been talk of co-operation among some of the Southern States for the purpose of carrying out a secession programme, (for no State would have attempted it alone), but all this came to naught. Since about 1835, however, slavery and State sovereignty" had been bound up together and secession was the logical consequence of the latter.. The feeling between slave-holding sections and non-slave 66 holding sections, between North and South, had become more and more strained, and the election in 1860 of Lincoln, was all that was needed to change the theory into an attempt to secure the reality. South Carolina issued a circular to the other Southern States declaring that she would secede with any other State or alone, if any other would agree to follow. No State was prepared to secede alone, but Florida, Mississippi and Alabama agreed to secede with any other State. South Carolina led the way; a State convention was called and on December 20, 1860, the Act of 1788, ratifying the United States Constitution, was repealed, and it was declared "that the union now subsisting between South Carolina and other States, under the name of the United States of America, is hereby dissolved;" on the 24th a declaration of the causes of secession was adopted and on the same day the Governor proclaimed the secession of the State. Mississippi followed January 9, 1861; Florida, January 10th; Alabama, January 11th; Georgia, January 19th; Louisiana, January 26th; Texas, February 1st, but the proceedings in this later State were very irregular. Virginia did likewise in April, Arkansas and North Carolina in May, and Tennessee, making the eleventh and last seceding State, in June. The Civil War settled the question forever. Secretary of Legation. (See Foreign Service.) Sectional President.-Lincoln was so called by the Southerners, who held that he represented not the whole people, but only the northern section of the nation. Sedition Laws. (See Alien and Sedition Laws.) Sedition Poles.-A derisive name for Liberty Poles. Self-Created Societies.-This phrase was used by Washington in a message to Congress on the Whisky Insurrection, to designate those whom he believed to be the instigators of the revolt. It was intended to apply to the Democratic Society. Selling Out. (See Trading.) Seminole War. (See Indian Wars.) Senate. This is the name of the smaller of the two branches of the legislative division of the national gov sons if he he germen & When me sem THI VIONt malicaten, die mit Saame is Deal Senare is composed of rv1 members from every art. 10e 17 e Legsame. The term is six years. le terms if the Senators Had to coedtind if them eg Pay TV TALTE The Senate is tuss Moby dating unicus sence and radica. ArSiete 1. Hann 4. ci dhe Lecsmmedia meme of the 1 person a riez le & Secur, must be as HANT TAT Tears of are Henna bure been nine years 1 amzen, and mis, vien dented, be an inhabitant of The Sute de is soosen to represent. The Senate has the pover 1 y 1 in peatones has extrm the appointments made by the President, and must ratify al treames, for walla porpore a two-things wote is Teresy. When gradming nominations and ratifying treadies (executive business, as it is called) the Senate Aina in secret gessica. Al antempts to repeal this rule have filed: they are renewed at almost every session. The Vice-President of the United States presides over the Senate. In the absence of the Vice-President, or when he acts as President, the Senate chooses a Presi dent pro tempore of the Senate, and it is customary of the Vice-President to retire a few days before adjournment for the session, in order to enable this officer to be chosen, because under a law now superseded this officer was in the line of presidential succession (which see.) In case of failure on the part of the electors to choose a Vice-President, the selection devolves on the Senate. "A quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice." (Constitution, Twelfth Amendment.) The standing committees of the Senate are by a rule of that body to be elected by ballot unless otherwise ordered. They are, as a matter of fact, agreed upon in caucus, and the caucus list is voted on as a whole by the Senate. Each House provides rules for its own guidance, and those of the Benate differ in many respects from those of the House, being in general more lax. There is practically no limit to the length of time which a Senator may consume in debate, and in general the "courtesy of the Senate," as it is called, is relied on as a substitute for stringent rules. The salary of a Senator is $5,000, together with an allowance of $125 per annum for stationery and newspapers, and mileage at the rate of twenty cents a mile for travel to and from Washington for every annual session. Deduction from the salary is made for absence without leave. Below is a list of the members of the Senate at the first session of the Fiftieth Congress: SENATE. JOHN J. INGALLS, of Kansas, President pro tempore. [Republicans (in Roman), 39; Democrats (in italics), 37. Total, 76.] TERM EXPIRES. ALABAMA. 1889......John T Morgan.. HOME POST-OFFICE. Selma. |