these grounds. It was notorious that Parliament was of opinion that the Union should not be repealed "These meetings, said the Noble Duke, consisting of 20,000, 10,000 or 100,000 men-no matter the number of thousands-having been continued after these declarations in Parliament, I wish to know with what object they were continued? With a view to address Parliament to repeal the Union? No, my Lords, they were continued in order to obtain the desired Repeal of the Union by the terror of the people, and if not by terror, by force and violence. (Loud cries of "Hear, Hear.") And the persons calling these meetings, I beg your Lordships to observe, were Magistrates the very men who, if such force and violence were to be resorted to, must have been employed by the Government in measures to resist such terror and violence, to prevent breaches of the peace, and to arrest those who were guilty of such breaches of the peace, and bring them to justice. That is the ground on which the Lord Chancellor of Ireland said to the Magistrates-" You must be dismissed if you attend, or excite at tendance at such meetings." The meetings were attended by large numbers, in military array; dispersed at the word of command; threats were held out-" Blood or Repeal," and such inscriptions on flags. "My Lords, I have had some experience in the course of a long life, passed in the service of the Sovereigns of this country -I say I have had some experience in these revolutions. A distinguished author who has written on France, said,' On conspire sur la place.' There was no secrecy in the transactions. The

of operation was terror-deception as to their followers, and terror towards their adversaries; and when a learned gentleman declares that Napoleon had not in Russia such an army as there is here, and the Duke of Wellington had not such a one at Waterloo,'

why, very possibly not, my Lords. (Loud Laughter.) Nay, more; mind what he said respecting the organization of this army, and the means of assembling the population. He said on one occasion, that in the course of one night he could collect the whole of his forces; and of that I have no doubt. What is the consequence of this? Why, my Lords, I say it became the duty of the Government to be prepared-and I hope the Government has been prepared-in all parts of the country, to protect the persons of the inhabitants, to preserve the property of the peaceable people, to do everything in their power to maintain the dominion of her Majesty and of this country, and to be prepared for any unfortunate event. I do not know what effect the measure has had: I can't say whether more thousands or less thousands have assembled since; but this, my Lords, I know-that I feel more security when I know that we have not to employ men in putting down a mischief which they have themselves been instrumental in producing." The Duke went on to vindicate the willingness of Parliament to legislate for the benefit of Ireland. He regretted to learn the extent of poverty in Ireland; unfortunately there were poor in all parts of the kingdom." Is that poverty, he asked, relieved by a march of twenty-five or thirty Irish miles

hear seditious speeches? Is poverty relieved by subscribing to Repeal rent or to O'Connell rent? On the contrary, the evils of poverty are to be remedied by industry and sobriety. The evils of poverty are not such as can be remedied in a single day. The means of correcting such evils must be some time in course of operation; and above all, this is to be remembered, that nothing whatever can be effected for improving the condition of the Irish people, till the present tendency to insubordination is repressed."

A long discussion ensued: the Earls of Clancarty and Glengall blamed the Government for not using greater energy against the Repeal agitation; at the same time disapproving of the manner in which the Magistrates had been dismissed. The Government was supported by the Earls of Charleville, Mount- Edgecombe, and Wicklow, the Marquis of Downshire and Lord Brougham.

The Lord Chancellor commented on the "little petty lawyer-like criticisms" of the Opposition, and defended the dismissal of the Magistrates on consideration of all the facts.

Lord Fortescue condemned the policy of Government; and advocated legislative redress of grievances, reform of the Protestant Church, and of the law of landlord and tenant, and emigration under proper regulations.

The other opponents of Government were the Marquis of Lansdowne, who contended that the dismissal ought to have been preceded by some proclamation, Queen's Message, or other authoritative warning; Lord Camp

remarks against Lord Brougham, and Lord Cottenham.

On a division, the resolutions were negatived by 91 to 29.

The state of Ireland again came under discussion in the House of Lords, on the 8th August, on the presentation of an important petition, presented and introduced with a long speech by Lord Roden. He explained the nature and objects of the petition. It emanated from upwards of 5,000 of her Majesty's Protestant loyal subjects residing in the district of Rathfriland, in the county of Down. It desired the House to take measures for repressing the rebellious spirit in Ireland; expressed great surprise at seeing the marked difference made between Protestants and Roman Catholics, in respect of the enforcement of the law against processions; many of the Protestants having been sent to gaol for celebrating the anniversary of the battle of the Boyne, while meetings for the Repeal of the Union were being held almost daily, without the Roman Catholics who attended them being punished in any way. The petitioners prayed, first, that the House would take into immediate consideration the present alarming state of Ireland, and the dangerous situation in which Protestants in that country were placed; that they would adopt such measures as would prevent a civil war; and that they would repeal, or not renew, the Processions Act, and permit the Protestants of Ireland, who had sworn to maintain the house of Hanover on the throne of these realms, to celebrate the anniversary of the delivery of their countrymen. Lord Roden com

Processions Act, introduced by the Whig Government in 1832, was practically most partial and unequal. Some individuals who had taken part in an Orange procession had been severely punished, while in others the most flagrant breaches of the law had been overlooked. The Act ought in justice either to be repealed, or to be extended to all classes and denominations. Lord Roden then passed to the disturbed state of Ireland, which he characterized as putting a check upon the progress of all improvement in the country. He dwelt upon the organization of the Repealers, who marched in divisions and were regularly drilled in military style. He adverted to the fact that a very small proportion of the peasantry had this year come over as usual to labour in the harvest. He thought that there was some purpose in thus detaining the reapers in Ireland. He expressed in strong terms the dissatisfaction felt by the Protestants generally, at the want of energy and decision exhibited by the English Government in a crisis so alarming. Some demonstration of firmness and energy had been anxiously looked for, and scarcely less by Roman Catholics than by Protestants. But no such sign having been given, great disappointment had been caused, and some, he believed, had even joined the ranks of the Repealers from disgust. He exhorted the Government to imitate Lord Anglesea, and to adopt a course still open to them: to call out and arm the Yeomanry. If the present agitation made head in Ireland, let them not suppose that its effects would exhaust themselves there; for although it was an old saying, as old as the days

"He that would England win,

Must with Ireland first begin." The Duke of Wellington did not dispute the truth of Lord Roden's statements as to the state of Ireland, but he drew attention to the prayer of the petition itself, and to the Processions Act, which it referred to. That Act was directed only against processions of the particular kind described in its preamble-processions for the purpose of celebrating or commemorating any festival, anniversary, or particular event, relating to or connected with any religious or other distinctions or differences between any classes of his Majesty's subjects,' Whether the particular meetings referred to by Lord Roden, however criminal they might be, came within that Act, was a mere question of law, which must have been considered by those who were authorised to put the laws into execution; but when the Act was passed, Parliament had been applied to to extend its provisions, but had refused to do so. Passing then to the policy of the Ministers, the Duke said, that, admitting the truth of Lord Roden's description as to the state to which these criminal agitations had brought Ireland-admitting that Government were responsible for every act they did, as well as for every omission-he was not then able to state what the intentions of Government were. "My Lords, I do not think it desirable that they should be stated; but what I do say is this-that I, whose duty it is to superintend one of those offices on which the execution of the measures of the Government depends- feel confident that everything that could be done has

hear seditious speeches? Is poverty relieved by subscribing to Repeal rent or to O'Connell rent? On the contrary, the evils of poverty are to be remedied by industry and sobriety. The evils of poverty are not such as can be remedied in a single day. The means of correcting such evils must be some time in course of operation; and above all, this is to be remembered, that nothing whatever can be effected for improving the condition of the Irish people, till the present tendency to insubordination is repressed."

A long discussion ensued: the Earls of Clancarty and Glengall blamed the Government for not using greater energy against the Repeal agitation; at the same time disapproving of the manner in which the Magistrates had been dismissed. The Government was supported by the Earls of Charleville, Mount-Edgecombe, and Wicklow, the Marquis of Downshire and Lord Brougham.

The Lord Chancellor commented on the "little petty lawyer-like criticisms" of the Opposition, and defended the dismissal of the Magistrates on consideration of all the facts.

Lord Fortescue condemned the policy of Government; and advocated legislative redress of grievances, reform of the Protestant Church, and of the law of landlord and tenant, and emigration under proper regulations.

The other opponents of Government were the Marquis of Lansdowne, who contended that the dismissal ought to have been preceded by some proclamation, Queen's Message, or other authoritative warning; Lord Camp

remarks against Lord Brougham, and Lord Cottenham.

On a division, the resolutions were negatived by 91 to 29.

The state of Ireland again came under discussion in the House of Lords, on the 8th August, on the presentation of an important petition, presented and introduced with a long speech by Lord Roden. He explained the nature and objects of the petition. It emanated from upwards of 5,000 of her Majesty's Protestant loyal subjects residing in the district of Rathfriland, in the county of Down. It desired the House to take measures for repressing the rebellious spirit in Ireland; expressed great surprise at seeing the marked difference made between Protestants and Roman Catholics, in respect of the enforcement of the law against processions; many of the Protestants having been sent to gaol for celebrating the anniversary of the battle of the Boyne, while meetings for the Repeal of the Union were being held almost daily, without the Roman Catholics who attended them being punished in any way. The petitioners prayed, first, that the House would take into immediate consideration the present alarming state of Ireland, and the dangerous situation in which Protestants in that country were placed; that they would adopt such measures as would prevent a civil war; and that they would repeal, or not renew, the Processions Act, and permit the Protestants of Ireland, who had sworn to maintain the house of Hanover on the throne of these realms, to celebrate the anniversary of the delivery of their countrymen. Lord Roden com

Processions Act, introduced by the Whig Government in 1832, was practically most partial and unequal. Some individuals who had taken part in an Orange procession had been severely punished, while in others the most flagrant breaches of the law had been overlooked. The Act ought in justice either to be repealed, or to be extended to all classes and denominations. Lord Roden then passed to the disturbed state of Ireland, which he characterized as putting a check upon the progress of all improvement in the country. He dwelt upon the organization of the Repealers, who marched in divisions and were regularly drilled in military style. He adverted to the fact that a very small proportion of the peasantry had this year come over as usual to labour in the harvest. He thought that there was some purpose in thus detaining the reapers in Ireland. He expressed in strong terms the dissatisfaction felt by the Protestants generally, at the want of energy and decision exhibited by the English Government in a crisis so alarming. Some demonstration of firmness and energy had been anxiously looked for, and scarcely less by Roman Catholics than by Protestants. But no such sign having been given, great disappointment had been caused, and some, he believed, had even joined the ranks of the Repealers from disgust. He exhorted the Government to imitate Lord Anglesea, and to adopt a course still open to them: to call out and arm the Yeomanry. If the present agitation made head in Ireland, let them not suppose that its effects would exhaust themselves there; for although it was an old saying, as old as the days

"He that would England win,

Must with Ireland first begin." The Duke of Wellington did not dispute the truth of Lord Roden's statements as to the state of Ireland, but he drew attention to the prayer of the petition itself, and to the Processions Act, which it referred to. That Act was directed only against processions of the particular kind described in its preamble-processions for the purpose of celebrating or commemorating any festival, anniversary, or particular event, relating to or connected with any religious or other distinctions or differences between any classes of his Majesty's subjects.' Whether the particular meetings referred to by Lord Roden, however criminal they might be, came within that Act, was a mere ques tion of law, which must have been considered by those who were authorised to put the laws into execution; but when the Act was passed, Parliament had been applied to to extend its provisions, but had refused to do so. Passing then to the policy of the Ministers, the Duke said, that, admitting the truth of Lord Roden's description as to the state to which these criminal agitations had brought Ireland-admitting that Government were responsible for every act they did, as well as for every omission-he was not then able to state what the intentions of Government were. "My Lords, I do not think it desirable that they should be stated; but what I do say is this-that I, whose duty it is to superintend one of those offices on which the execution of the measures of the Government depends feel confident that everything that could be done has