the Motion-It is negatived by a large Majority-Removal of the Re

strictions on Export of Machinery-Mr. Gladstone brings in a Bill for

that purpose-Observations of Mr. Hindley, Mr. J. Wortley, Mr. La-

bouchere, Mr. Cobden, and other Members-The second reading is

carried by 96 to 18-It is opposed by Earl Stanhope in the House of

Lords, but is incorporated with the Customs Bill, and passed [173

CHAPTER VIII.

EDUCATION.-The Queen's Answer to the Address moved by Lord Ashley

-the Factory Bill introduced by Sir James Graham-Discussion on the

Second Reading-Objections taken to the Education Clauses-Remarks

of Mr. Ewart, the Earl of Surrey, Mr. Cobden, Sir R. Inglis, Lord John

Russell, Lord Ashley, and Sir James Graham-The Bill passes a Second

Reading-Active Opposition exerted against the Bill out of doors-Ex-

traordinary number of Petitions presented by its opponents-The Go-

vernment introduce modifications into the Bill to obviate the objec-

tions of Dissenters-Sir James Graham explains the alterations, and

makes an earnest Appeal to the House in favour of Education-Lord

John Russell approves of the Amendments-Mr. Roebuck moves a

Resolution, declaring that all plans of State Education should be kept

clear of any specific religious system-He is opposed by Sir James

Graham, who vindicates the plan of the Government, and by Mr. Hawes

-The Resolution is rejected by 156 to 60-Continued and vehement

opposition to the Factory Bill-Immense number of Petitions against

it-The Educational Clauses are abandoned by Government-Sir James

Graham announces their withdrawal-Discussion in the House of Com-

mons on that occasion-Remarks of Viscount Melbourne in the House

of Lords on the failure of the Factory Bill-Church Extension-Sir

Robert Peel brings forward a plan for augmenting small livings and

endowing Ministers-Detail of the measure-Remarks of Sir R. Inglis,

Lord Dungannon, Mr. Colquhoun, Lord John Russell, Mr. Hume, and

other Members-The motion is carried unanimously. SEES OF BAngor

AND ST. ASAPH.-Earl Powis introduces a Bill in the House of Lords to

repeal the recent Act for consolidating those Bishoprics-His Speech-

The Duke of Wellington opposes the Motion, which is supported by

the Bishops of Salisbury, Exeter, Bangor, Lord Lyttleton, and Earl

Fitzwilliam; opposed by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Bishops of

London, Lincoln, and Norwich, and Earl of Ripon-The Bill is with-

drawn for the Session. CHURCH OF SCOTLAND.-Lord Aberdeen intro-

duces a Bill to remove doubts respecting the admission of Ministers—

His Speech-The Bill is supported by the Earl of Haddington, the Lord

Chancellor, and the Earl of Minto, and opposed by the Earls of Rose-

bery and Burlington, Lords Cottenham, Brougham, and Campbell-

considerable opposition-Sir J. Graham moves the Second Reading in

the House of Commons-Mr. Wallace, seconded by Mr. Hume, inoves

the rejection of the Bill-Mr. Rutherford opposes the Measure, in a

forcible Speech-Lord John Russell, Mr. Fox Maule, and Mr. A. Camp-

bell speak against it, and Sir W. Follett, Mr. H. Johnstone, Sir G.

Clerk, and Sir R. Peel in its support-The Second Reading is carried

by 98 to 80-It is again opposed on the Third Reading, but is ulti-

mately passed—Law Reform―The Registration of Voters Bill-Its ob-

jects, as explained by Lord Wharncliffe-Lord Campbell's Bill for the

Amendment of the Law of Libel-Nature of its Provisions -Other

measures of Legal Reform are postponed at a late period of the Session

-Parliament is prorogued on the 24th August by the Queen in person

-Her Majesty's Speech-Results of the Session

CHAPTER IX.

[192

Repeal Agitation in Ireland-Mr. O'Connell resumes his exertions for

Repeal with renewed energy-Formation of the Repeal Association

-Its Constitution and Emblems-Appointment of Repeal Wardens,

and their duties-The Monster Meetings-Speech of Mr. O'Connell

at the Trim Meeting, on the 16th March-Meeting at Mullingar, at-

tended by Roman Catholic Bishops and Clergy-Declaration in favour

of Repeal by Dr. Higgins, Titular Bishop of Ardagh-Proceedings at

other Repeal Meetings-Violent language used on those occasions-

Co-operation of the Press-Efforts of the Nation Newspaper in favour

of Repeal-Publication of Songs and Pieces commemorative of the In-

surrection of 1798-Alarm excited by these Demonstrations in the

public mind-Policy of the Government-Removal of Magistrates im-

plicated in the Repeal Movement from the Commission-Further pro-

gress of the Agitation-The great Tara Meeting on 15th August—

Reason for the selection of this spot for the purpose-Unequivocal lan-

guage of Mr. O'Connell on this occasion-He broaches a plan at the

Repeal Association for the revival of the Irish Parliament-Arbitration

Courts are proposed to supersede the jurisdiction of the Magistracy-

Allusion to the State of Ireland in the Queen's Speech-Mr. O'Connell

vehemently attacks this document, and publishes a counter-manifesto-

Use made of the Temperance Societies—Mr. O'Connell's Harangue in

praise of the Teetotallers-Announcement of a great Repeal Meeting to

be held at Clontarf-The Government takes measures to prevent it.—

A Proclamation is issued on the 7th, prohibiting attendance at the Meet-

ing-Conduct of Mr. O'Connell-He urges the abandonment of the

Meeting, and issues a counter-proclamation-The ground at Clontarf is

occupied on the 8th by a strong military force-A vast concourse takes

place, but no disturbance of the peace-Warrants are issued against

the Motion-It is negatived by a large Majority-Removal of the Re

strictions on Export of Machinery-Mr. Gladstone brings in a Bill for

that purpose-Observations of Mr. Hindley, Mr. J. Wortley, Mr. La-

bouchere, Mr. Cobden, and other Members-The second reading is

carried by 96 to 18-It is opposed by Earl Stanhope in the House of

Lords, but is incorporated with the Customs Bill, and passed

CHAPTER VIII.

. [173

EDUCATION.-The Queen's Answer to the Address moved by Lord Ashley

-the Factory Bill introduced by Sir James Graham-Discussion on the

Second Reading-Objections taken to the Education Clauses-Remarks

of Mr. Ewart, the Earl of Surrey, Mr. Cobden, Sir R. Inglis, Lord John

Russell, Lord Ashley, and Sir James Graham-The Bill passes a Second

Reading-Active Opposition exerted against the Bill out of doors-Ex-

traordinary number of Petitions presented by its opponents-The Go-

vernment introduce modifications into the Bill to obviate the objec-

tions of Dissenters-Sir James Graham explains the alterations, and

makes an earnest Appeal to the House in favour of Education-Lord

John Russell approves of the Amendments-Mr. Roebuck moves a

Resolution, declaring that all plans of State Education should be kept

clear of any specific religious system-He is opposed by Sir James

Graham, who vindicates the plan of the Government, and by Mr. Hawes

-The Resolution is rejected by 156 to 60-Continued and vehement

opposition to the Factory Bill-Immense number of Petitions against

it-The Educational Clauses are abandoned by Government-Sir James

Graham announces their withdrawal-Discussion in the House of Com-

mons on that occasion-Remarks of Viscount Melbourne in the House

of Lords on the failure of the Factory Bill-Church Extension-Sir

Robert Peel brings forward a plan for augmenting small livings and

endowing Ministers-Detail of the measure-Remarks of Sir R. Inglis,

Lord Dungannon, Mr. Colquhoun, Lord John Russell, Mr. Hume, and

other Members-The motion is carried unanimously. SEES Of Bangor

AND ST. ASAPH.-Earl Powis introduces a Bill in the House of Lords to

repeal the recent Act for consolidating those Bishoprics-His Speech-

The Duke of Wellington opposes the Motion, which is supported by

the Bishops of Salisbury, Exeter, Bangor, Lord Lyttleton, and Earl

Fitzwilliam; opposed by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Bishops of

London, Lincoln, and Norwich, and Earl of Ripon The Bill is with-

drawn for the Session. CHURCH OF SCOTLAND.-Lord Aberdeen intro-

duces a Bill to remove doubts respecting the admission of Ministers-

His Speech-The Bill is supported by the Earl of Haddington, the Lord

Chancellor, and the Earl of Minto, and opposed by the Earls of Rose-

bery and Burlington, Lords Cottenham, Brougham, and Campbell-

considerable opposition-Sir J. Graham moves the Second Reading in

the House of Commons-Mr. Wallace, seconded by Mr. Hume, inoves

the rejection of the Bill-Mr. Rutherford opposes the Measure, in a

forcible Speech-Lord John Russell, Mr. Fox Maule, and Mr. A. Camp-

bell speak against it, and Sir W. Follett, Mr. H. Johnstone, Sir G.

Clerk, and Sir R. Peel in its support-The Second Reading is carried

by 98 to 80-It is again opposed on the Third Reading, but is ulti-

mately passed-Law Reform-The Registration of Voters Bill-Its ob-

jects, as explained by Lord Wharncliffe-Lord Campbell's Bill for the

Amendment of the Law of Libel-Nature of its Provisions -Other

measures of Legal Reform are postponed at a late period of the Session

-Parliament is prorogued on the 24th August by the Queen in person

-Her Majesty's Speech-Results of the Session

CHAPTER IX.

[192

Repeal Agitation in Ireland-Mr. O'Connell resumes his exertions for

Repeal with renewed energy-Formation of the Repeal Association

-Its Constitution and Emblems-Appointment of Repeal Wardens,

and their duties-The Monster Meetings-Speech of Mr. O'Connell

at the Trim Meeting, on the 16th March-Meeting at Mullingar, at-

tended by Roman Catholic Bishops and Clergy-Declaration in favour

of Repeal by Dr. Higgins, Titular Bishop of Ardagh-Proceedings at

other Repeal Meetings-Violent language used on those occasions-

Co-operation of the Press-Efforts of the Nation Newspaper in favour

of Repeal-Publication of Songs and Pieces commemorative of the In-

surrection of 1798-Alarm excited by these Demonstrations in the

public mind-Policy of the Government-Removal of Magistrates im-

plicated in the Repeal Movement from the Commission-Further pro-

gress of the Agitation-The great Tara Meeting on 15th August-

Reason for the selection of this spot for the purpose-Unequivocal lan-

guage of Mr. O'Connell on this occasion-He broaches a plan at the

Repeal Association for the revival of the Irish Parliament-Arbitration

Courts are proposed to supersede the jurisdiction of the Magistracy-

Allusion to the State of Ireland in the Queen's Speech-Mr. O'Connell

vehemently attacks this document, and publishes a counter-manifesto-

Use made of the Temperance Societies-Mr. O'Connell's Harangue in

praise of the Teetotallers-Announcement of a great Repeal Meeting to

be held at Clontarf-The Government takes measures to prevent it.-

A Proclamation is issued on the 7th, prohibiting attendance at the Meet-

ing-Conduct of Mr. O'Connell-He urges the abandonment of the

Meeting, and issues a counter-proclamation-The ground at Clontarf is

occupied on the 8th by a strong military force-A vast concourse takes

place, but no disturbance of the peace-Warrants are issued against

charges of Conspiracy and Sedition-Mr. O'Connell exhorts the People

to Tranquillity-His remarkable change of tone since the Arrest-Ac-

cession of Mr. W. S. O'Brien, M.P., to the cause of Repeal-Proceed-

ings against the Repealers, commenced on the first day of Michael mas

Term Mr. Justice Burton's Charge to the Grand Jury-A True Bill is

returned-Various efforts of the Defendants to defer the Trial-It is at

length postponed till the 15th January. SCHISM IN THE CHURCH OF

SCOTLAND.-State of feeling in the Non-Intrusion Party-General Ap-

prehensions of a Rupture-Addresses of the Assembly to the Crown

against the Jurisdiction of the Law Courts, and for the total Abolition

of Patronage-Able and comprehensive Answer of Sir James Graham

to the Moderator of the Assembly-Case of the quoad sacra Ministers

-Decision of the majority of the Court of Session in the Stewarton

case-The Commission of the General Assembly admit the quoad sacra

Ministers to their Meeting notwithstanding-The Commission presents

a Petition to Parliament-Debate thereupon in the House of Com-

mons, on the Motion of Mr. Fox Maule for a Committee on the subject.

It is rejected by 211 to 76-Preparations in Scotland for setting up the

Free Presbyterian Church-Declaration of the Special Commission—

Public Meeting of Non-Intrusionists at Edinburgh-Election of Mem-

bers of General Assembly-The Marquess of Bute appointed High

Commissioner-Conduct of the Marquess of Breadalbane, with refer-

ence to the Movement-Opening of the General Assembly on the

18th May Dr. Welsh, the Moderator, reads a paper of Reasons to

justify the secession, and then retires with a large party of Non-Intru-

sionists from the Assembly-Principal Macfarlane is chosen as Mo-

derator by the remanent Members-The seceding Members meet and

constitute themselves the Free Presbyterian Church-They choose Dr.

Chalmers as their Moderator, and proceed to take Measures for the

establishment and organization of the new system-Statement of the

Financial Committee-Further Proceedings of the Secessionists-The

General Assembly transact some important business-Lord Belhaven

moves the recision of the Veto Act, and of the Acts legalising the ad-

mission of quoad sacra Ministers -After some discussion they are re-

pealed-Former decision of the Assembly, suspending the Strathbogie

Ministers, is rescinded-Proceedings of the Assembly, respecting the

seceding Ministers-Their Churches and Chapels are declared vacant—

The Seceders execute an "Act of Separation," which they transmit to

the General Assembly-Both Assemblies are dissolved after transacting

much business-Nature and extent of the Secession-Relative numbers

of Seceders and Adherents-Effects of the Movement in the Country-

Substitution of New Ministers in the vacated Benefices-Lord Aber-

deen's Bill respecting the settlement of Ministers-Further Proceed-

ings of the Free Church Party-Some Landowners refuse to grant sites