Model-Based Reasoning in Scientific DiscoveryL. Magnani, N.J. Nersessian, Paul Thagard Springer Science & Business Media, 6. des. 2012 - 343 sider The volume is based on the papers that were presented at the Interna tional Conference Model-Based Reasoning in Scientific Discovery (MBR'98), held at the Collegio Ghislieri, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, in December 1998. The papers explore how scientific thinking uses models and explanatory reasoning to produce creative changes in theories and concepts. The study of diagnostic, visual, spatial, analogical, and temporal rea soning has demonstrated that there are many ways of performing intelligent and creative reasoning that cannot be described with the help only of tradi tional notions of reasoning such as classical logic. Traditional accounts of scientific reasoning have restricted the notion of reasoning primarily to de ductive and inductive arguments. Understanding the contribution of model ing practices to discovery and conceptual change in science requires ex panding scientific reasoning to include complex forms of creative reasoning that are not always successful and can lead to incorrect solutions. The study of these heuristic ways of reasoning is situated at the crossroads of philoso phy, artificial intelligence, cognitive psychology, and logic; that is, at the heart of cognitive science. There are several key ingredients common to the various forms of model based reasoning to be considered in this book. The models are intended as in terpretations of target physical systems, processes, phenomena, or situations. The models are retrieved or constructed on the basis of potentially satisfying salient constraints of the target domain. |
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Side vi
... Analogy and mental modeling in scientific discovery . Lorenzo Magnani , Pavia , Italy Nancy J. Nersessian , Atlanta , GA , USA Paul Thagard , Waterloo , Canada May 1999 Contents MODELS , MENTAL MODELS , AND REPRESENTATIONS 3 Model vi ...
... Analogy and mental modeling in scientific discovery . Lorenzo Magnani , Pavia , Italy Nancy J. Nersessian , Atlanta , GA , USA Paul Thagard , Waterloo , Canada May 1999 Contents MODELS , MENTAL MODELS , AND REPRESENTATIONS 3 Model vi ...
Side 6
... analogies , employing visual representations , and thought experimenting . On my account , what these practices have in common is that they are all forms of " model - based rea- soning " . What this means will be developed in the course ...
... analogies , employing visual representations , and thought experimenting . On my account , what these practices have in common is that they are all forms of " model - based rea- soning " . What this means will be developed in the course ...
Side 7
... analogy . Analogical argument is a notoriously weak form of argument and one could hold that concerns about it have been borne out in this case . According to the general theory of rela- tivity , that conclusion is wrong . There is no ...
... analogy . Analogical argument is a notoriously weak form of argument and one could hold that concerns about it have been borne out in this case . According to the general theory of rela- tivity , that conclusion is wrong . There is no ...
Side 8
... analogy in science as a serious topic of discussion have not given made a strong case for its generative role in conceptual change . For Norman Campbell ( 1920 ) and Mary Hesse ( 1966 ) analogy is constitutive of theories in that analogies ...
... analogy in science as a serious topic of discussion have not given made a strong case for its generative role in conceptual change . For Norman Campbell ( 1920 ) and Mary Hesse ( 1966 ) analogy is constitutive of theories in that analogies ...
Side 15
... analogies may be retrieved and ap- plied as models wholesale with suitable adaptation , but often , and especially in cases of conceptual change , no direct analogy exists and construction of an initial source model is required . In ...
... analogies may be retrieved and ap- plied as models wholesale with suitable adaptation , but often , and especially in cases of conceptual change , no direct analogy exists and construction of an initial source model is required . In ...
Innhold
23 | |
Using Models to Represent Reality | 41 |
Models and Diagrams within the Cognitive Field | 59 |
Theories Models and Representations | 75 |
A Simulation of ModelBased Reasoning | 103 |
Ulcers | 125 |
A Hierarchy of Models and Electron Microscopy | 139 |
the General Case | 165 |
ModelBased Creative Abduction | 219 |
Abduction and Geometrical Analysis | 239 |
The Hierarchy of Models in Simulation | 255 |
Abducting Explanation | 271 |
Fictionalism and the Logic of As If Conditionals | 293 |
A Multilevel Feedback Process | 311 |
Author Index | 327 |
ModelBased Reasoning in Creative Processes 199 | 198 |
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Model-Based Reasoning in Scientific Discovery L. Magnani,Nancy Nersessian,Paul Thagard Begrenset visning - 1999 |
Model-Based Reasoning in Scientific Discovery L. Magnani,Nancy Nersessian,Paul Thagard Ingen forhåndsvisning tilgjengelig - 2012 |
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abduction abductive inference abstract analogy analysis approach belief revision breast cancer Cambridge Cognitive Science complex concept conceptual change considered constraints construction context creative data model deductive deductive reasoning diagrams domain dynamical empirical epistemology equations evidence example experimental model explanation Figure formal frequencies function Galileo Gentner Giere Hintikka Hutten hypothesis inclined plane inconsistent inductive inference interpretation involved isomorphism Kluwer knowledge Kuhn language logic Magnani mammography mathematical means Meheus mental modeling metaphors method methodological model-based reasoning N.J. Nersessian nature notion objects observed paper Patrick Suppes Peirce phenomena Philosophy of Science physical possible principles probability problem procedure properties question Reasoning in Scientific represent representation role rules scientific discovery scientific models scientists semantical similar simulation situation solving specific structure Suppes Thagard theoretical model thought experiment tion truth unexpected findings University Press visual