gláres; but a luminary, which, in its òrderly and règular course, dispenses a benignant influence.

2. Think not, that the influence of devotion is confined to the retirement of the closet, and the assemblies of the sáints. Imagine not, that, unconnected with the duties of life, it is suited only to those enraptured souls, whose feelings, perhaps, you deride as romantic and visionary. It is the guardian of innocence-it is the instrument of virtue— it is a mean by which every good affection may be formed and improved.

3. Cæsar, who would not wait the conclusion of the consul's speech, generously replied, that he came into Italy not to injure the liberties of Rome and its citizens, but to restore them.

4. If any man sin, we have an advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous: and he is the propitiation for our sins; and not for ours only, but also for the sins of the whole world.

5. These things I say now, not to insult one who is fállen, but to render more secure those who stand; not to irritate the hearts of the wounded, but to preserve those who are not yet wounded, in sound health; not to submerge him who is tossed on the billows, but to instruct those sailing before a propitious brèeze, that they may not be plunged beneath the waves.

6. But this is no time for a tribunal of jústice, but for showing mercy; not for accusátion, but for philanthropy; not for trial, but for pàrdon; not for sentence and execútion, but compassion and kindness.

Comparison and contrast belong to the same head.

1. By hónor and dishonor, by évil report and good report; as decéivers, and yet trùe; as únknown, and yet well known; as dy'ing, and behold we live; as chástened, and not killed; as sorrowful, yet always rejoicing; as poor, yet making many rìch; as having nothing, and yet possessing all things.

Be ye not unequally yoked together with unbelievers; for what fellowship hath righteousness with unrighteousness? and what communion hath light with darkness? and what concord hath Christ with Bèlial? or what part hath he that believeth with an infidel?

A wise man feareth, and departeth from évil; but the fool rageth, and is confident. The wicked is driven away in his wickedness; but the righteous hath hope in his death. Righteousness exálteth a nation; but sin is a reproach to any people. The king's favor is toward a wise servant; but his wrath is against him that causeth shame.

2. Between fame and true honor a distinction is to be made. The former is a blind and noísy applause: the latter a more silent and internal homage. Fame floats on the breath of the múltitude: honor rests on the judgement of the thinking. Fame may give praise, while it withholds estéem; true honor implies esteem, mingled with respect. The one regards particular distínguished talents: the other looks up to the whole character.

3. Europe was one great field of battle, where the weak struggled for freedom, and the strong for domìnion. The king was without pówer, and the nobles without principle. They were tyrants at home, and robbers abroad. Nothing remained to be a check upon ferocity and violence.

4. The power of delicacy is chiefly seen in discerning the true mérit of a work; the power of correctness, in rejecting false pretènsions to merit. Delicacy leans more to féeling; correctness more to reason and judgement. The former is more the gift of náture; the latter, more the product of cùlture and art. Among the ancient critics, Longinus possessed most délicacy; Aristotle, most correctness. Among the moderns, Mr. Addison is a high example of délicate taste; Dean Swift, had he written on the subject of criticism, would perhaps have afforded the example of a correct one.

5. Homer was the greater génius; Virgil the better àrtist: in the one, we most admire the mán; in the other, the work. Homer hurries us with a commanding_impetuósity; Virgil leads us with an attractive majesty. Homer scatters with a generous profúsion; Virgil bestows with a careful magnificence. Homer, like the Nile, pours out his riches with a sudden óverflow; Virgil, like a river in its banks, with a constant strèam.-And when we look upon their machines, Homer seems, like his own Jupiter in his terrors, shaking Olympus, scattering the lightnings, and firing the heavens; Virgil, like the same power in his benèvolence, counselling with the gods, laying plans for èmpires, and ordering his whole création.

6. Dryden knew more of man in his general náture, and Pope in his local manners. The notions of Dryden were formed by comprehensive speculation, those of Pope by minute attention.

The style of Dryden is capricious and váried; that of Pope is cautious and uniform. Dryden obeys the motions of his own mind; Pope constràins his mind to his own rules of composition. Dryden is sometimes vehement and rápid; Pope is always smooth, uniform, and gentle. Dryden's page is a natural field, rising into inequalities, and diversified by the varied exuberance of abundant vegetátion; Pope's is a velvet làwn, shaven by the scythe, and levelled by the roller.

If the flights of Dryden are higher, Pope continues longer on the wing. If of Dryden's fire, the blaze is brighter; of Pope's the heat is more règular and constant Dryden often surpasses expectation, and Pope never falls below it. Dryden is read with frequent astónishment, and Pope with perpetual delight.

7. Never before were so many opposing interests, passions, and principles, committed to such a decision. On one side an attachment to the ancient order of things, on the other a passionate desire of change; a wish in some to perpétuate, in others to destroy every thing; every abuse sacred in the eyes of the former, every foundation attempted to be demolished by the làtter; a jealousy of power shrinking from the slightest innovation, pretensions to freedom pushed to madness and anarchy; superstition in all its dótage, impiety in all its fury.

EXERCISE 5.

Page 31. The pause of suspension requires the rising slide.

Several kinds of sentences are classed under this rule, in the body of the work; but as the principle is the same in all, no distinction is necessary in the Exercises.

1. For if God spared not the angels that sinned, but cast them down to hell, and delivered them into chains of darkness, to be reserved unto júdgement; and spared not the old world, but saved Noah the eighth person, a preacher of righteousness, bringing in the flood upon the world of the ungodly; and turning the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah into ashes, condemned them with an overthrów, mak

ing them an ensample unto those that after should live ungódly; And delivered just Lot, vexed with the filthy conversation of the wicked: (For that righteous man dwelling among them, in seeing and hearing, vexed his righteous soul from day to day with their unlawful-deeds;) The Lord knoweth how to deliver the godly out of temptations, and to reserve the unjust unto the day of judgement to be punished.

2. If reason teaches the learned, necessity the barbárian, common custom all nations in géneral; and if even nature itself instructs the brutes to defend their bodies, limbs, and lives, when attacked, by all possible méthods; you cannot pronounce this action criminal, without determining at the same time that whoever falls into the hands of a highwayinan, must of necessity perish either by his sword or your decisions. Had Milo been of this opinion, he would certainly have chosen to fall by the hands of Clodius, who had more than once, before this, made an attempt upon his lífe, rather than be executed by your order, because he had not tamely yielded himself a victim to his rage. But if none

of you are of this opinion, the proper question is, not whether Clodius was killed? for that we grant: but whether jústly or unjustly? an inquiry of which many precedents are to be found.

3. Seeing then that the soul has many different faculties, or in other words, many different ways of acting; that it can be intensely pleased or made happy by áll these different faculties, or ways of ácting; that it may be endowed with several latent faculties, which it is not at present in a condition to exért; that we cannot believe the soul is endowed with any faculty which is of no úse to it; that whenever any one of these faculties is transcendently pleased, the soul is in a state of happiness; and in the last place, considering that the happiness of another world is to be the happiness of the whole mán; who can question but that there is an infinite variety in those pleasures we are speaking of; and that this fulness of joy will be made up of all those pleasures which the nature of the soul is capable of receiving?

4. When the gay and smiling aspect of things has begun to leave the passages to a man's heart thus thoughtlessly unguarded; when kind and caressing looks of every object without, that can flatter his senses, has conspired with the enemy within, to betray him and put him off his defence:

upon

when music likewise hath lent her aid, and tried her power the passions; when the voice of singing men, and the voice of singing women, with the sound of the viol and the lute, have broken in upon his soul, and in some tender notes have touched the secret springs of rápture,—that moment let us dissect and look into his heart;- -see how vàin, how weak, how èmpty a thing it is!

5. Beside the ignorance of masters who teach the first rudiments of reading, and the want of skill, or negligence in that article, of those who teach the learned languages; beside the erroneous manner, which the untutored pupils fall into, through the want of early attention in masters, to correct small faults in the beginning, which increase and gain strength with years; beside bad habits contracted from imitation of particular persons, or the contagion of example, from a general prevalence of a certain tone or chant in reading or reciting, peculiar to each school, and regularly transmitted, from one generation of boys to another: beside all thése, which are fruitful sources of vicious elocution, there is one fundamental error, in the method universally used in teaching to read, which at first gives a wrong bias, and leads us ever after blindfold from the right path, under the guidance of a false rùle.

6. A guilty or a disconténted mind, a mind, ruffled by ill fortune, disconcerted by its own pássions, soured by né glect, or fretting at disappointments, hath not leisure to attend to the necessity or reasonableness of a kindness desíred, nor a taste for those pleasures which wait on beneficence, which demand a calm and unpolluted heart to relish them.

7. "I perfectly remember, that when Calidius prosecuted Q. Gallius for an attempt to poison hím, and pretended that he had the plainest proofs of it, and could produce many letters, witnesses, informations, and other evidences to put the truth of his charge beyond a doubt, interspersing many sensible and ingenious remarks on the nature of the crime; I remember," says Cicero," that when it came to my turn to reply to him, after urging every argument which the case itself suggésted, I insisted upon it as a material circumstance in favor of my client, that the prosecutor, while he charged him with a design against his life, and assured us that he had the most indubitable proofs of it then in his hands, related his story with as much ease, and as much