COMPLETE SERIES OF HOME LESSON BOOKS For use in Public Elementary Schools. IN SIX BOOKS CORRESPONDING TO THE SIX STANDARDS OF BOOK IV. FOR STANDARD IV., Containing lessons in Holy Scripture; Moral Poetry, Arithmetic, BY ALFONZO GARDINER, HEAD MASTER OF THE LINDLEY BOARD-SCHOOL (HUDDERSFIELD SCHOOL Author of "Acoustics, Light, and Heat," "Magnetism and MANCHESTER : JOHN HEYWOOD, 141 AND 143, DEANSGATE. LONDON SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & Co.; J. C. TACEY. THE same plan has been followed out in the compilation of this book as has been adopted in Standards I., II., and III. The Arithmetic consists for the most part of the Weights and Measures in ordinary use, as mentioned in the note on the requirements for this Standard in the New Code, though the ones less frequently used are not neglected. The first eight weeks are taken up with carefully arranged exercises on Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, and Reduction of Avoirdupois Weight. When a lad can do this table well, all that follows is easy enough after the tables are once learnt. The teacher in his lessons should follow the plan here laid down, and should occasionally indicate the method of solving problems. Examination questions (*) have again been very largely used. The Geography is prepared to meet the requirements of the Extra Subjects. The first lessons are intended to give a general knowledge of the world. Each of the continents is then taken separately, and its principal physical features described. The plan of the lessons is somewhat different from that of most books of Geography. The Oceans (see less. 72 to 82) are made a special feature; and in describing the continents, the seas, with the rivers running into them, the countries on their banks, &c. (see less. 102, &c.), are taken in order. The author has found this plan to work well. Great care has been taken in accenting, and when necessary indicating the pronunciation of the names. Nothing is more common than to find even ordinary foreign names fearfully murdered by pupil-teachers as well as scholars. Some good atlas, such as John Heywood's National Atlas (6d.), or the School Atlas (6d.), should be used by the pupils at home. In Grammar one more attempt has been made to make the subject easy, and the exercises attractive to children. No inflections are introduced until Standard V. The author would here acknowledge the use he has made of "An Easy English Grammar," by J. M. D. Meiklejohn, M.A., especially in several of the exercises. Both the Grammar and Geography should form the basis of oral lessons before they have to be learnt as home lessons. In History it has been thought sufficient for the pupil to learn the succession of the sovereigns to prepare for the more extended lessons in Standard V. (See lessons 154, 159, &c.) Monday Morning's lessons, if carefully learnt, and "the meanings and the allusions mastered," will furnish sufficient poetry to satisfy the requirements in the Extra Subject. HOME LESSONS.-STANDARD IV. FIRST WEEK. Lesson 1-Learn for Monday Morning. WORK. Work, work, my boy! be not afraid; There's glory in the shuttle's song; There's merit in the brave and strong, The wind disturbs the sleeping lake, make Grand music in their leafy mesh: And so the active breath of life Should stir our dull and sluggard wills; For are we not created rife, Who dig the mine or fell the oak. With health, that stagnant torpor kills?-Eliza Cook. OR ELSE LEARN St. John ii., verses 1-10. Lesson 2.—Tuesday.-Geography. Write and Learn. Ge-og-ra-phy is a description of the earth. The world on which we live is nearly round. It is a very large ball or globe, flattened at the top and bottom like an orange. The measure through the centre, from side to side, is about 8,000 miles. This is called its di-am'-e-ter. The measure round the outside, in the widest part, is about 25,000 miles. This is called its cir-cum'-fer-ence. The surface, or outside of this globe, is made up of land and water. There is three times more water than land on the earth's surface. The water divides the land into six large masses called con-ti-nents, and into thousands of smaller pieces called is'-lands. * The names of the continents are Eu'-rope, A'-si-a, Afri-ca, North A-mer'--ica, South A-mer'-i-ca, and Aus-tra'-lia. Lesson 3.-Wednesday Morning. Work these Sums. (1) Learn and write out Table of Avoirdupois Weight at end of book. lbs. oz. drs. cwt. qrs. lbs. (2) 3 7 4 (3) 10 $5 12 16 14 2 90 0 8 8 12 3 tons. cwt. qrs. (5) 4 13 1 2 20 (4) 2 3 0 9 qrs. lbs. oz. 96 12 8 * The pupil should find every name mentioned in his Atlas and be able to point it out to his teacher. Lesson 4.-Thursday.-Grammar. Learn and Write. GRAMMAR is the science which teaches us about WORDS and SENTENCES. Words are made up of letters. In the English language there are twenty-six letters, divided into vowels and consonants. The letters a, e, i, o, u are vowels; w and y are vowels when they do not begin a word or syllable. All the other letters are consonants. A syllable is a word, or part of a word, sounded by one single effort of the voice. Every syllable must contain a vowel. Ex. 1. Put a line under the vowels: thus, pan. Mary caught John. The pig grunts. The wind blows very strongly. and spin your top. Sugar is sweet. Go Ex. 2. Divide into syllables, thus: Ba-by. Chimney, servant, Africa. On entering school remember to remain silent. The talkative parrot whistled a merry tune. * (4) How many pounds of sugar shall I buy for twelve shillings and eightpence, if one pound costs 4d.? SECOND WEEK. Lesson 6.-Learn for Monday Morning. THE WORM. Turn, turn thy hasty foot aside, Nor crush that helpless worm: The common Lord of all that move, A portion of His boundless love, The sun, the moon, the stars, He made, To all His creatures free; For worms as well as thee. OR ELSE LEARN St. John iv., verses 48-54. Gisborne. Lesson 7.-Tuesday.-Geography. Write and Learn. THE OCEANS. We divide the water into five large bodies called o-ceans. The names of the oceans are the At-lan'-tic, the Pa-cif'-ic, the In'-di-an, the Arc'-tic, and the An-tarc'-tic. form really but one immense ocean. Europe is the continent in which we live. The Atlantic is the ocean nearest to us. The Pacific is the largest ocean. MOTIONS OF THE EARTH. These The earth is not still, it is always re-volv'-ing or spinning round, just like a top, from West to East. It turns round once in 24 hours. This is called the earth's daily or di-ur-nal motion, and causes day and night. The earth does not keep revolving in one place, but moves along round the sun. This is called its an'-nu-al or yearly motion. It takes 365 days, or a year, for the earth to complete this journey. The earth's annual motion causes the four seasons, Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter. Lesson 8.-Wednesday Morning. Work these Sums. (3) 8 3 16 *(5) If I buy a chest of oranges containing one thousand and eighty, for £4, and sell them at a penny each, do I gain or lose, and how much? Lesson 9.-Thursday.-Grammar. Learn and Write. WORDS are divided into EIGHT classes, called PARTS OF SPEECH. 1. NOUN. 2. PRONOUN. 3. VERB. 4. ADJECTIVE. 5. ADVERB. 6. PREPOSITION. 7. CONJUNCTION. 8. INTERJECTION. Every word we use belongs to one of these eight parts of speech. Words are made into sentences. THOUGHT A SENTENCE is a COMPLETE expressed in words, or a Collection of WORDS that make SENSE themselves. Ex. 3. Write out SIX words with no other vowel but a, six with e, six with i, six with o, and six with u. Ex. 4. Make sentences telling something about a pig, a lion, a monkey, a top, a hare, and a hen. |