The power and glory of the war,
Faithless as their vain votaries, men,
Had passed to the triumphant Czar,

And Moscow's walls were safe again.

BYRON.

A century which has no history, and can have little or none. CARLYLE.

A spirit of free inquiry was the predominant feature, the essential fact of the eighteenth century. In the eighteenth century free inquiry became universal in its character and objects: religion, politics pure philosophy, man and society, moral and physical science, everything became, at once, the subject of study, doubt, and system; the ancient sciences were overturned; new sciences sprang up. It was a movement which proceeded in every direction, though emanating from one and the same impulse. GUIZOT.

I compare the eighteenth century to a company of people around a table; it is not sufficient that the food before them be well prepared well served, within reach and easy to digest; but it is important that it should be some choice dish, or, better still, some dainty. — TAINE.

Did it [the eighteenth century] pursue an Utopia? Nay: it carried on the work of its forerunners, the sixteenth, which saw the birth of the Reformation, and the seventeenth, which saw the triumph of English institutions; it was in communion with all the stirring spirits of the past; it marched along the great highway of the human mind, and knew this, and it was this confidence that threw over its decline an air of serene majesty. The thinkers who had shed a lustre over its course were followed by great practical men who carried their plans into execution. After Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau, rose Turgot, Franklin, Mirabeau, and Washington. The American Republic, child of experiment, irreproachable as a creation of pure reason, was on the point of rising up beyond the seas to serve as a beacon to all future societies. The future appeared so assured, and the course of events so irresistible, that even the wisest among them were not proof against a certain intoxication, and in their too scornful impatience of facts they pushed impetuously out to the very verge and final limits of the possible. Not content with proclaiming the end of religious and political despotism, they went on to predict the end of superstition, the end of misery, the end of slavery, the end of conquest, the end of war. - LANFREY.

NINETEENTH CENTURY.

(1800-1883.)

FRANCE, at the beginning of this century under Napoleon I., is the chif power in Europe. At his overthrow she is left with about the sam territory as at the beginning of her foreign wars; but within the list quarter century she has been obliged to surrender the provinces bordering on the Rhine, which have been taken from her by Prussia

ENGLAND rises to the front rank of European states, by her part in the Napoleonic wars. In the present century she has made some small acquisitions of territory in Europe, and has greatly extended her colonil empire.

GERMANY, with PRUSSIA as its leading state, has become the first military pover in Europe. The old German Empire comes to an end in 1806.

AUSTRIA i entirely separated from Germany, and is united into one state with Hungary.

RUSSIA is now one of the greatest European powers.

ITALY has become one kingdom, covering the whole peninsula. The UNITED STATES have greatly increased by the addition of new States and Territories.

DENMARK has lost a considerable territory, taken from her by Prussia. The new kingdom of BELGIUM has been formed during this century. SPAIN in this century loses Mexico and the republics of Central America. GREECE has secured its independence, and has become a kingdom. TURKEY. The power of Turkey is steadily declining.

HUNGARY. See above, under AUSTRIA.

MEXICO, which had belonged to Spain, revolts in 1820, and has become an independent republic.