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SECOND CENTURY BEFORE CHRIST.

(200-100.)

THE great movement of the century is the growth of the power and glory of the Roman dominion.

ROME Completes the conquest of Cisalpine Gaul about 191 B. C.; conquers Macedonia and Greece, the former becoming a Roman province in 168 B. C., and the latter in 146 B. C., under the name of Achaia. (See page 79.) Rome destroys Carthage in 146 B. C., and the Carthaginian territory becomes the Roman province of Africa. (See PUNIC WARS, page 75.) In the latter part of the century Rome begins the conquest of Transalpine Gaul, and also begins to interfere with the affairs of Asia, and forms of the dominions of Pergamus the province of Asia in 133.. 129 B. C. Nearly all of Spain becomes, after 133 B. C., a Roman province.

CARTHAGE becomes in 146 B. c. the Roman province of Africa. (See PUNIC WARS.)

MACEDONIA is overpowered by Rome and becomes a Roman province in 168 B. C.

GREECE remains nominally independent for a short time after the subjection of Macedonia by Rome in 168 B. C., but in 146 B. C. is overcome by Rome, and becomes a Roman province under the name of Achaia. (See page 79.)

EGYPT continues under the Greek dynasty of the Ptolemies.

JUDEA throws off the yoke of Syria, and becomes independent in 166 B. C., under Judas Maccabæus.

SYRIA (kingdom of the SELEUCIDE), PARTHIA, and the other countries of the East, present no movements of general interest. PERGAMUS. (See above, under ROME.)

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Public Men. -Scipio Africanus, T. Quintius Flaminius, Scipio Asiaticus, Paulus Æmilius, Cato the Censor, Scipio (2d Africanus), Metellus, Mummius, the Gracchi, Marius, Sylla.

Poets and Dramatists. — Ennius, Plautus, Terence, Pacuvius.

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Philosophers. Apollonius, Eratosthenes, Carneades, Hipparchus.

Poets. Apollonius, Bion (?), Moschus (?), Nicander.

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Priests and Patriots.- Mattathias, Judas Maccabæus, Jonathan, Simon, J. Hyrcanus.

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ILLUSTRATIONS.

CON

ONTINUING her career of conquest, Rome completed the subjugation of Cisalpine Gaul about 191 B. C., and Macedonia was conquered and became a Roman province in 168 B. C.

THE THIRD PUNIC WAR.

THE close of the Second Punic War (treated in the preceding century) left Carthage a dependent ally of Rome, and was followed by an interval of fifty years, during which active hostilities between the two countries were suspended; but many at Rome were not satisfied with the submissive and dependent condition of Carthage, and were resolved to reduce her to a state of entire subjection.

The peace with Rome lasted for upwards of fifty years, during which the Carthaginians did not give the Romans a single reason for complaint, nor do the Romans themselves mention any. We must suppose that this interval was a time of prosperity for Carthage, for after it we find the city very rich and populous. — NIEBUHR.

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