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used the cestus, an arrangement of leather strips wound around the hand and sometimes up the arm as far as the elbow. These were sometimes loaded with lumps of lead and were very dangerous. In ancient boxing contests the right arm was used chiefly for striking and the left for warding off blows.

The Romans liked to look at exhibitions of boxing, but considered it undignified to take part in them. Boxing was revived in England in

Cestus.

favor principally in England and the United States.

Savate. The French are not skilled in the English system of boxing, but practice a kind called Savate, in which the head and feet, as well as the fists, are used for attack and defense. It is said that those skilled in the method have defeated some of

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the eighteenth century, when it began to be called "the noble art of self-defense." A teacher of boxing named Broughton, who is said to have invented the boxing-glove at this time, gave public exhibitions of his skill in a theater, which he built for the purpose. Boxing contests without gloves, called prize-fights, were also held, but they became so brutal that laws were passed against them, and at present boxing is practiced by respectable people only as a form of athletic exercise. It is in

Savate.

the best English boxers, whose guards, though perfect against a blow from the fist, would often be no defense at all against one from the foot. The sailors of the French navy are trained every day in Savate, in which they are very expert.

BREATH FIGURES, Experiments on. I. Trace a figure with the finger on a pane of glass. Nothing will be seen until the plate is breathed on, when the figure becomes visible.

2. Lay a coin on a freshly polished plate of glass or metal. After several minutes remove the coin and breathe on the metal, when an image of the coin will appear. The result will be the same if the coin is polished instead of the plate on which it is laid.

3. Breathe on the surface of a pane of glass which has been in contact for several years with an engraving. In many cases the lines of the engraving will become visible on the glass.

Explanation. On the surface of all solids gathers a layer of gas, vapor, and fine dust, which is removed by polishing and altered by

In France this game is called "Frère, on me bat (Brother, some one strikes me).

BRUNETTE AND BLONDE, a SOLITAIRE game of CARDS, played with two packs. The first eight cards played are laid in a row, and on each of them are placed others in descending order, but of different color alternately. Thus, on a red nine a black eight must be placed; on this a red seven, and so on. Whenever the Aces appear they are placed in a row by themselves, and on them are built families in ascending order, without regard to suits, except that no card must be placed on one of the same color. The families may be built up by using cards as they come from the pack, or the top cards of the piles. All cards that cannot at once be used are laid aside to form stock, which can be shuffled and relaid twice. If the families can be completed thus, the player wins.

BUCK, a game played by two person, one of whom places his arms across his breast, or rests them on his knees, and bends forward, rest

the contact of other solids. If the object be breathed upon the breath will condense more easily on some parts than others, according to the state of this layer, and any marks made on it will hence become visible. BREATH PORTRAITS. To finely powdered fluor spar add enough sulphuric acid to make the mixture of the proper thickness to be used as ink. With a quill pen, write or draw with it on the surface of plate glass. After the fluid has been on the glass five to ten minutes wash it off with water. The surface of the glass under it will be slightly eaten away, but so little that it will not be noticed unless the glass is breathed upon, when the design or writing will stand out clearly. The effect is very striking. BROTHER, I AM BOBBED, a trick, in the form of a game, in which any number of persons take part. Two persons, to act the part of "brothers," are selected, of whom one must not have played the game before.. The brothers are blindfolded and kneel back to back, and the other players stand around them in a circle, each with a knotted hand-ing his head against a fence, tree, or kerchief. The "brother" who does not understand the game is told that the players are to hit one of the brothers with a handkerchief from time to time, and the one hit is to cry out "Brother, I am bobbed! The other must then respond, "Who bobbed you?" and the first must guess who hit him. He is told that if the guess be correct the person who struck him will have to change places with him. When the game has begun, however, the "brother" who knows the trick removes the handkerchief that covered his eyes, and, knotting it, strikes his companion. When asked, Who bobbed you?" the latter of course makes a wrong guess. This is kept up till the victim suspects that he is deceived. The "brother" who knows the trick should occasionally cry out "Brother, I am bobbed," to keep up the illusion.

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wall. This is called "giving a back.” The other player sits astride the back of the first, and holding up one or more fingers, says, "Buck, Buck, how many horns do I hold up? The first player guesses, and if his guess is correct the two change places; but if the guess is wrong, the rider gets down, leaps on again, and holds up one or more fingers again with the same question. So the game goes on as long as the players choose. The "buck is sometimes blindfolded, and a third person often acts as umpire, to see that there is fair play.

History. This game is very old. Petronius Arbiter, a writer in the time of the Roman Emperor Nero, describes a man playing it with a boy. The boy" mounting as on horseback, smote his shoulders with his open hand, and laughing said, ‘Bucca, Bucca, quot sunt hic?'" (Bucca, Bucca, how many are here?)

In another form of the game, a child hides his head in another's lap, and the latter says:

"Mingledy, mingledy, clap, clap, clap, How many fingers do I hold up?' or some similar rhyme. The game, in all its forms, is probably related to MORA.

In France a game resembling this, called Les Metiers (The Trades), is played. The player who makes the back chooses a trade and the name of something connected with it, for instance, shoemaking and wax. The trade is announced, but the article kept secret. Each player in turn must then say, as he mounts the back, "A good shoemaker must have good leather," or "good pegs," or anything else he pleases. Whoever mentions the word chosen by the player who makes the back must take his place.

BURIED WORDS, a game played by two or more persons, one of whom gives a sentence in which a word is concealed by being formed partly of one of the words in the sentence, and partly of one or more immediately following. Thus the word "London" is concealed or "buried" in the sentence, "Do not let the rain fall on Don Carlos," as will be seen if the proper letters be capitalized, thus, "Do not let the rain falL ON DON Carlos." The one who gives out the sentence must state that the buried word is the name of a city, person, flower, article of food, or whatever it may be, and the first one who guesses it correctly scores a point. The guesser then gives out another sentence, and the game goes on for any length of time agreed on, or till some one has scored a certain number of points. After a little practice words can thus be buried very skillfully. The hardest ones to guess are those in which pronouncing the words gives no clew. Thus in the following, "buried fruits," the former can be guessed by pronouncing the sentence slowly, while the latter can

not:

"Some fairy OR ANGEL must have done this." "The baboon and aPE ARE both curious animals."

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The best plan m burying a word is first to see whether it contains another word within it. Thus in burying the word Orange" it is seen that the word "rang is so contained. A sentence must now be constructed with the word "rang" in it, while the word just before must end with "O," and that just following begin with "e." Thus: "They danced a fandango, rang Edward's door bell, and behaved very wildly." It will be seen that the word is thus" buried" much more deeply than in the other example given.

A somewhat similar game, played in Germany, is there called Worte Verbergen (Word-hiding). The title or first verse of some well-known song or poem is selected by one of the players, who, in answer to any question, returns a reply including its first word. To a second question he gives an answer containing the first two words in succession, and so on, till the line is guessed. Thus, suppose the song "A life on the ocean wave be chosen. The following may be the questions and answers: Q. How do you do?

A. A little better, thank you. Q. Where do you spend the summer?

A. In the country. spent outdoors.

I enjoy a life

Q. Who was your grandfather? A. He was the celebrated Dr. Bobus, who sacrificed a life on the altar of science by visiting the North Pole.

By this time the title will probably be guessed by the repetition of the word "life." The most difficult lines to guess are of course those containing small and frequently used words at the beginning.

BUTTON, BUTTON, a drawingroom game, played by any number of persons. The players sit in a circle around the leader, who stands holding a button between his hands, the palms

of which are pressed together. The others hold their hands in the same manner. and the leader goes to each in turn, saying, "Hold fast what I give you," passing his hands between those of the player he addresses, and gives the button, while doing this, to any one of the players he chooses, but without showing to whom he has given it. When he has made the round of the circle, he says to each player in turn, "Button, Button, who has the button?" and each, as he is asked, must guess. Then the leader calls out, "Button, Button, arise," and the holder of the button stands up. This game is usually played by very young children, an older one acting as leader, In some parts of the United States a ring is used, and the corresponding verses

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button he drives in becomes his property. When he misses, the next one takes his turn. The hand is held stiffly in playing, the thumb being extended, and the motion is made with the whole hand,

Spans, a button game played by two persons. The buttons are thrown against a wall, and if a player's button falls within a span of his opponent's he may aim at it as described above. If he strike it, he wins it. A span is the distance from the end of the thumb to that of the little finger when the hand is extended.

BUZZ, a game played by any number of persons. The players sit in a circle, and, beginning at any point, call out the numbers, one, two, three, etc., in order. Instead of the numbers in writing which the figure 7 is used, and also of those that are multiples of seven, the word "Buzz" must be spoken. Thus, Buzz must be substituted for 7, 14, 21, 27, 28, 35, 37, 42, 47, 49, and so on. For the seventies, Buzz-one, Buzztwo are used, and for 77, Buzz-buzz. Any one that mentions such a number by name, or says Buzz in the wrong place, or calls out a wrong number, must pay a forfeit, and then begin the game anew by calling out

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One!" If the one whose turn it is waits longer than while any one counts five he must pay a forfeit. Buzz should not be played by seven people, for then one of them would always have to say buzz when his

turn came.

Buzz Fizz, the game of Buzz, with the addition that every multiple of three is called "Fizz," of five, "Quack," and of eleven, "Cock-adoodle-doo." Where a number con

Method of Holding the Hand in Button. tains two or more of these as a fac

try, by striking the buttons with the thumb as they lie on the ground (see illustration), to drive them into the hole. When any one succeeds, the

tor the names of all the factors are given, the smallest first. Thus, 15 would be "Fizz-Quack "; 77, "Buzzcock-a-doodle-doo "; and 105, “ FizzQuack-Buzz."

C

CACHINOLE. See SQUAILS.
CALABRASELLA,

a game

single player 13, each of the former scores 9 points. The number of points to be played for is agreed on before the game.

The eldest hand should say, “I play," if he have a fair hand. Try to win as many counting cards as possible, especially Aces, which it must be remembered may be taken in play by either Threes or Twos.

RULES OF THE GAME.

1. The players cut for deal, and the lowest Calabrasella card deals. 2. In case of a misdeal, the same player deals again.

3. If the Discard contain too few cards the partners may either throw up the hand or require the single player to correct the mistake; if it contain too many, the single player loses the tricks to which he cannot play.

4. If the single player demand a Two when he has not all the Threes, the partners may throw up the hand if they choose.

of cards played by three persons, with a pack from which the tens, nines, and eights are excluded. Each player is dealt twelve cards, two at a time, and the four remaining in the stock are placed face downward on the table. After the deal, the eldest hand has the choice of " passing" or "playing." If he say "I pass," the player at his left has the same option, and so on. If all pass, the hand is abandoned and the deal passes to the left. The first player who says "I play," must play against the two others as partners. Before he plays he may ask for any Three he chooses, and the holder must give it to him, receiving a card in exchange. If no one has the Three asked for, he must not demand another, but if he have all the Threes in his own hand at the beginning of the game he may ask for a Two. He then discards from one to four cards and selects an equal number from the stock, first announcing the number of cards he will put out. He must discard at least one card, and must show to the other players the cards he takes in. The playing then be- 6. If the single player expose a gins, the eldest hand having the card, or lead or play out of turn, lead. There are no trumps, and there is no penalty, but the mistake suit must be followed if possible. In must be corrected unless the trick playing, the cards rank as follows: has been completed. If one of the Three (highest), Two, Ace, King, partners expose a, card, the single Queen, Knave, Seven, Six, Five, player may call on him to play it at Four (lowest). The winner of the any time. If either of the partners last trick takes also the discard (in-lead out of turn, and the error is discluding any cards of the stock that are left). Each Ace taken counts the winner of the trick 3 points, and each Three, Two, King, Queen, or Knave, 1 point. The last trick Counts 3 points. Either side scores what it has made in excess of the other side, each of the partners scoring the whole number of points made by their side. Thus, if the partners have 22 points and the

5. If a card is asked for and not obtained, and it is found not to be in the stock, the single player may ask for it again and then alter his discard.

covered before completing the trick, the single player may call on the right leader to lead a particular suit; or, if it is his own lead, he may thus call a suit at the first opportunity.

13. If a player revoke, he must forfeit nine points.

14. No trick can be looked at after it is taken.

CALIFORNIA JACK. See ALL

FOURS.

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