Sec. 4. The Running Broad Jump. When jumped on earth, a joist five inches wide shall be sunk flush with it. The outer edge of this joist shall be called the scratch line, and the measurement of all jumps shall be made from it at right angles to the nearest break in the ground made by any part of the person of the competitor. In front of the scratch line the ground shall be removed to the depth of three and the width of twelve inches outward. A foul jump shall be one where the competitor in jumping off the Long Jump. scratch line makes a mark on the ground immediately in front of it, and shall count as a trial jump without result. Each competitor shall have three trial jumps, and the best three shall each have three more trial jumps. The competition shall be decided by the best of all the trial jumps of the competitors. The distance of the run before the scratch line shall be unlimited. Sec. 6. The Standing Broad Jump. The feet of the competitor may be placed in any position, but shall leave the ground only once in making an attempt to jump. When the feet are lifted from the ground twice, or two springs are made in making the attempt, it shall count as a trial jump without result. In all other respects the rule governing the Running Broad Jump shall also govern the Standing Broad Jump. Sec. 7. The Three Standing Broad Jumps. The feet of the competitor shall leave the ground only once in making an attempt for each of the three jumps, and no stoppage between jumps shall be allowed. In all other respects the rules governing the Standing Broad Jump shall also govern the three Standing Broad Jumps. Sec. 8. Running Hop, Step and Jump. The competitor shall first. land upon the same foot with which he shall have taken off. The reverse foot shall be used for the second landing, and both feet shall be used for the third landing. In all other respects the rules governing the Running Broad Jump shall also govern the Running Hop, Step and Jump. (In the Running High Jump a line called a balk line is sometimes drawn three feet in front of the bar, and if the competitor passes this he is credited with a trial, whether he actually attempts to jump or not.) In the running broad jumps, the space cleared depends partly on the way in which the spring is made, and partly on the impetus gained by the run. Before 1870 almost every championship contest was won with a jump of less than 20 feet, but now many a one who is a good sprinter can clear that distance. Some authorities think the reason for this is that jumpers now take longer and swifter runs than formerly, and that the impetus thus gained carries them a greater distance. In both the high jumps, some jumpers draw their legs up under them, straightening them forward as they pass the bar, and others swing them to one side as they clear it. In running for a jump, the last few steps should be slightly shorter than the usual stride. and with different numbers of hurdles, the hurdles shall be placed at equal intervals, with the same space between the first hurdle and the starting point and the last hurdle and the finishing line, as between each of the hurdles. Hurdle Racing consists in a com- In making a record it shall be bination of running and jumping. necessary for the competitor to jump These races are usually either 120 over every hurdle in its proper posiyards or 220 yards in length, the num-tion. ber of hurdles to be leaped being ten. Pole Leaping consists in leaping The height varies from 2 feet 6 inches with the aid of a stout wooden pole. to 3 feet 6 inches, and the hurdles The pole is generally made of ash, are placed at equal distances along about 1 inches in diameter, and the course. The contestants start together as for a running race, leaping each hurdle as it is reached. Skilled runners take exactly three| steps between every two hurdles in the 120 yard course and always springing from the same foot. Each hurdle, as it is reached, is cleared at a single stride, the jumper usually jumping from his right foot and landing on his left. He thus continues down through the hurdles, keeping his stride as in ordinary running, the only difference being Pole Leaping-First Position, that in every third stride he leaps fifteen feet long. It should be quite into the air a sufficient height to smooth, and shod with an iron clear the hurdles. The rule of the National Amateur Point at one end. To leap with the pole, the athlete stands holding Athletic Union for hurdle races is as follows: Different heights, distances, and number of hurdles may be selected for hurdle races. 低 In the 120 yards hurdle race, ten hurdles shall be used; each hurdle to be three feet six inches high. They shall be placed ten yards apart, with the first hurdle fifteen yards distance from the starting point, and the last hurdle fifteen yards before the finishing line. In the 220 yards hurdle race ten hurdles shall be used, each hurdle to be two feet six inches high. They shall be placed twenty yards apart, with the first hurdle it as in the first illustration, the arms twenty yards distant from the start- being bent and the hands the dising mark, and the last hurdle twenty yards before the finishing line. In hurdle races of other distances Pole Leaping-Second Position. tance of the shoulders apart, the right hand toward the iron-shod end of the pole. Both palms may be up the athlete is directly above the barrier, he loosens his grasp on the pole, and pushing it back, allows it to fall on one side while he himself descends upon the other. To leap a distance or clear an obstacle, the jumper takes his position about 50 feet from the spot where he is to make his leap; then, holding the pole directly in front of him with the pointed end raised a foot or more from the ground, advancing slowly at first, and then more quickly, he approaches the spot at a run, and keeping his eye fixed on the place where he has determined to plant his pole, sets it into the ground and makes his leap into the air at the same instant. The rules of the National Amateur Athletic Union for pole vaulting are similar to those for jumping. Putting the Shot. This contest consists in balancing the "shot,' usually an iron ball weighing sixteen pounds, on the hand, held just over the shoulder, and then by throwing the weight of the body forward and straightening the arm, hurling the weight forward as far as possible. The rule of the National Amateur Athletic Union regarding this feat is as follows: The shot shall be a solid sphere, made of metal and weighing at least 16 or 24 pounds, as the event may call for. It shall be put with one hand, and in making the attempt it shall be above and not behind the shoulder. The competitor shall stand in a circle seven feet in diameter, on four feet of the circumference of which shall be placed a board four inches high, at which the competitor must stand when the shot leaves his hand. A fair put shall be one where no part of the person of the competitor shall touch in front of the circle or on the board in making the attempt. A put shall be counted as foul if the competitor steps over the front half of the circle or on the board, before the measurement of his put is made. The measurement of all puts shall be made from the nearest mark made by the shot to a point on the circumference of the circle, on a line with the object mark and the center of the circle. Foul puts and letting go the shot in making an attempt shall be counted as trial puts without result. A board similar to the one in front may be used at the back of the circle. The order of competing and number of trials shall be the same as for the running broad jump. Shots shall be furnished by the Games Committee. Any contestant may use his private shot, if correct in weight and shape; in which case the other contestants must also be allowed to use it, if they wish. Putting the shot is interesting as a display of strength, but no one should try it who has not developed his mus Putting Shot-First Position. cles by other means, as the exertion required is very violent. Throwing the Hammer. This is an old Scotch game, and, like putting the shot, requires a large amount of Putting Shot-Second Position. The thrower grasps the handle near the end with both hands and whirling the ball around his head once or twice at arm's length, suddenly loosens his hold and allows it to fly through the air. The rules of the Amateur Union governing this event are as follows: The hammer-head shall be a metal sphere. The handle shall be of wood, the length of handle and head combined shall be four feet, and the combined weight shall be at least sixteen pounds. All throws shall be made from a circle, seven feet in diameter. The competitor may assume any position he chooses in making an attempt. A fair throw shall be one when no part of the person of the competitor shall touch outside of the circle in making the attempt. A throw shall be counted foul if the competitor steps over the front half of the circle before his throw is measured. Foul throws and letting go of the hammer in an attempt, shall count as trial throws. The measurement of all throws shall be made from the nearest mark made by the head of the hammer, to a point on the circumference of the circle, on a line with the object mark and the center of the circle. The order of competing and number of trials shall be the same as prescribed for the Running Broad Jump. Hammers shall be furnished by the Games Committee. Any contestant may use his private hammer, Throwing Hammer. if correct in weight and shape; in | which case the other contestants must also be allowed to use it, if they wish. The thrower, in some contests, is allowed to run as far as he pleases before throwing the hammer, so long as he does not cross the "scratch line" from which the measurement is made. Sometimes he is allowed to run a fixed distance, as seven feet, and sometimes he is permitted to turn around once before throwing. Some throwers hold the hammer in one hand, and some in both. Throwing the 56-lbs. Weight. Like the hammer, this weight is thrown with a handle, but instead of a straight stick, an iron ring or triangle, about six inches in diameter, is fastened to the weight by means of an iron staple. In this way the weight can be lifted and swung like a pail or a basket. In some contests the thrower is allowed to follow the weight on throwing it, and sometimes a run is allowed. The weight is sometimes thrown from between the legs, and sometimes from the side. Sometimes the contest is to see how high, and not how far, the weight can be thrown, and it is then said to be" thrown for height." The Amateur Athletic Union rules for this event are as follows: Section 1. The weight shall be a sphere made of metal, with a metal handle attached. Their combined weight shall be at least fifty-six pounds, and the combined height shall be sixteen inches, but no flexible attachment will be allowed. All throws shall be made from a circle seven feet in diameter.. The competitor may assume any position he chooses in making an attempt. Foul throws and letting go the weight in an attempt shall count as a trial throw without result. The order of competing and number of trials shall be the same as laid down for the jumping contests. Sec. 2. In Throwing for Distance. A fair throw shall be one where no part of the person of the competitor shall touch in front of the circle in making an attempt. A throw shall be counted foul if the competitor steps over the front half of the circle before his throw is measured. The measurement of all throws shall be made from the nearest mark made by the sphere of the weight, to a point on the circumference of the circle, on a line with the object mark and the center of the circle. Sec. 3. In Throwing for Height, |
