In English this is "He runs, he runs, the Ferret, Forest Laws, drove many of the Saxons into rebellion, and some, like the famous Robin Hood (see C. P. P.), became outlaws. These laws, The pretty Ferret of the woods. little by little, were removed; yet HUTCHINSON FAMILY, a game, even at the present day, the law in or trick, played by any number of England is very severe against persons. Those who know the hunting on land belonging to another person. Such hunting is and are supposed to personate the game retire to an adjoining room called poaching, and the game- Hutchinson family, to whom the keepers who have charge of the others are brought in one by one to game on large estates are obliged to be introduced. The "family," who keep constantly on the watch for all stand in a row, imitate, as expoachers, who are generally pun-actly as possible, whatever the ished severely. In this country guest says or does, until he sits the owners of enclosed ground usually allow people to hunt there, but they have always the right to forbid it, as explained above. HUNT THE RING. See HUNT THE SLIPPER. down, when he joins the family, and another person is brought in. Sometimes, when the guest understands the joke, he can turn it on the members of the "family," by doing something difficult to imi HUNT THE SLIPPER, a game tate." played by any number of persons, HYDROCHLORIC ACID, Experiwith an ordinary slipper. The play-ments with. Hydrochloric acid is ers sit on the floor in a circle, except- a gas made up of hydrogen and ing one, who stands in the middle. Those in the circle pass the slipper quickly around the ring either behind their backs or beneath their bent knees, and the one in the The chlorine (see C. C. T.). It is called also muriatic acid. It is sold in drug-stores in liquid form, the gas being dissolved in water. If this liquid be heated it will give off the middle tries to find out who has it gas again. The liquid may be held at every moment. If he can call over an alcohol lamp, in a bottle or the name of the person in whose flask from which a delivery-tube hands it is, that person must take leads to the bottom of a jar. his place. It is usual for the players gas, being heavier than air, will stay to pretend to pass the slipper when in the jar till it is full. The gas it is not in their hands, and to try in may be made also by gently heatmany ways to mislead the one looking common salt and sulphuric ing for it. Instead of a slipper a ring is often used, strung on a long cord, on which it is slid along from one player to another. If the players keep their hands moving along the cord, it is very difficult to tell where the ring is. In this form the game is called Hunt the Ring. In France Hunt the Ring is called Le Furet (The Ferret), and the player within the circle is named the Hunter. During the game the players sing a song, beginning: "Il court, il court, le Furet, acid in a flask. Pieces of rock salt the size of a pea should be used, for with ordinary pulverized salt the action is too quick, causing the mixture to froth. The gas is collected as before. It is transparent, so the only way to tell when the litmus paper near the top. (See jar is full is to hold a strip of blue TEST PAPERS.) EXPERIMENTS. 1. The Fountain. This is made in the same way as the AMMONIA fountain, except that the water must be colored with blue litmus, and will turn red as it enters the upper bottle. The result is explained in the same way, hydrochloric acid gas having a great liking for water. 2. Fill a long test-tube with the dry gas, and invert it over a saucer of mercury, letting the mouth of the tube dip below the mercury. Put a bit of ice into the tube by pushing it under the mercury. The ice and gas will both disappear, and the mercury will rise in the tube. This is because the gas likes water so well that it forces the ice to melt, and is then dissolved by the water which is made. The pressure of the outside air then forces the mercury up into the tube to take the place of the dissolved gas. See also Experiment 3 under AM ΜΟΝΙΑ. HYDROGEN, Experiments with. Processes and things merely alluded to in this article are freely explained in that on CHEMISTRY, EXPERIMENTS IN. Hydrogen gas is described in C. C. T. To make it, bore two holes in the cork of a wide-mouthed bottle, like those in which pickles and jam are sold, making sure that the cork is sound and tight. Through one of the holes put a thistle-tube," and through the other a delivery-tube, the end of which is bent to collect the gas over water. The thistle-tube must reach nearly to the bottom of the bottle, but the delivery-tube must end near the top. Into the bottle put about a dozen small pieces of zinc. Scraps of zinc can be bought at a plumber's, and cut up with a pair of shears. Each piece should be bent or twisted a little, so that it will not lie flat on the bottom of the bottle. Instead of zinc, nails or scrap-iron may be used. The cork with its two tubes must now be put in place. Be sure that it is tight (hydrogen being quite explosive); blow into the delivery tube till the water rises into the funnel of the thistle tube, and then stop up the end of the delivery-tube with the tongue. If the water stays at the same height in the other tube the bottle is tight, if not, the cork must be covered with sealing-wax. When all is tight, half fill the bottle with water, by pouring it through the thistle-tube. Then pour in sulphuric or hydrochloric acid slowly, half a tea-spoonful or so at a time, until bubbles begin to rise pretty briskly from the zinc. Gas will soon bubble up into the receiver. If it does not, pour in more sulphuric acid, and if it still refuses to appear it is probable that the cork is not tight, and that the gas is escaping into the air. The first jarful of hydrogen made must be thrown away, for it is mixed with the air which was in the bottle to begin with, and a mixture of hydrogen and common air is very explosive. When one or more jars of pure hydrogen have been collected, the experiments de Making Hydrogen. scribed below may be tried with it, or a large quantity may be made and stored in a gas holder for future use. The hydrogen made in this way comes from the acid used (see ACID in C. C. T.) The other substances in the acid prefer the zinc or iron to the hydrogen, and so let it go and unite with the metal instead. The substance so formed is sulphate of zinc or iron, if sulphuric acid be used, and chloride of zinc or iron, if the acid is hydrochloric. Any of these dissolves in water un less there is too much acid in it, when it sticks to the metal and stops the action. For this reason it is not well to put in too much acid. EXPERIMENTS. from a gas-holder for this purpose. If the bubbles be blown with a mixture of hydrogen and air, or hydrogen and OXYGEN, each will explode with a loud report, instead of burning, when touched with a lighted match. A HYDROSTATIC BELLOWS. scientific toy, made as follows: Cut out two pieces of board of the same size and shape, either square or round, and about two feet in diameter. Connect them by nailing 1. Holding a jar, in which hydrogen has been collected, mouth downward, touch a lighted match to it. If the gas is pure, it will burn quietly. Repeat the experiment, holding the mouth of the jar upward, the gas will burn quickly with a high flame. This is be- leather to their edges, so that when cause hydrogen is lighter than air it is stretched they will be about six and so escapes and mixes with it inches apart. The apparatus must when the opening of the jar is up-be water-tight. Bore an auger-hole permost. in one piece of board, and fit in it 2. A jarful of hydrogen may be tightly the end of a piece of leadpoured up into an empty jar. That pipe five or six feet long. Place the the gas has really been poured into bellows on the ground with a heavy the empty jar may be proved by weight on it, so that the boards will touching a match to it. be pressed together. Support the 3. Remove the end of the delivery-pipe upright and pour water into it tube and substitute a glass jet. If through a tin funnel. The upper the hydrogen is pure it may be board of the bellows will rise, raising lighted at this jet, and will burn with the weight. If the experimenter a very pale blue flame. This experi- stand on the bellows, he can raise ment must not be tried till several his own weight by pouring water jars of gas have been collected, for if the gas in the bottle is impure it will explode. It is a good plan to wrap a cloth around the bottle, so that if there be an accident broken glass will not be thrown about. A jet of hydrogen burning thus is called the Philosopher's Candle." 4. Hold a glass tube twelve or fifteen inches long and about one and a half inches wide over the flame of the Philosopher's Candle, and move it up and down. A position will be found where the tube will give out a musical sound. If it does not, the size of the jet and tube are not fitted to each other, and one or the other should be made larger or smaller. The sound is caused by a great number of little explosions, so close together that they form a musical sound. (See SOUND, C. C. T.) into the tube. The reason is, that in fluids pressure is carried equally in all directions. If the pipe is one square inch in section, then every square inch of the bellows-boards is pressed on by a weight equal to the water in the pipe; and if the bellows be large, the entire pressure may thus amount to several hundred pounds. HYGROSCOPE, an instrument to show whether the air is moist or dry. One of the simplest is made by taking a hair or piece of cat-gut a foot or two in length, and hanging it by one end to a nail in the wall, tying to the other end a small weight, just sufficient to stretch the hair tight. Hair or cat-gut will lengthen by absorbing moisture from the air, so the hair becomes longer in moist than in dry weather. 5. Blow soap-bubbles with the To show a slight change in the gas, as described in the article SOAP-length of the hair, a splinter of BUBBLES. The gas must be drawn wood is fastened at one end to the |