In an action for an injury resulting in the the rules of the company regulating the move- death of defendant's servant, held that de- ment of trains, held admissible.-Gulf. C. & S. ceased was guilty of contributory negligence.-F. Ry. Co. v. Hays (Tex. Civ. App.) 29. Wagnon v. Houston & T. C. R. Co. (Tex. Civ. App.) 1112. $ 8.
Issues, proof and variance. Where the incompetency of a railway brake- man is in issue, the question of his fitness for the varied duties of a brakeman is involved.- Gulf, C. & S. F. Ry. Co. v. Hays (Tex. Civ. App.) 29. § 9.
Presumptions and burden of
*Mere proof of accident or injury to a servant does not raise a presumption of negligence on the part of the master.-Vissman v. Southern Ry. Co. (Ky.) 502.
*In an action against a railroad for the death of a brakeman, the burden is upon plain- tiff to prove that such death was caused by defendant's negligence.-Missouri, K. & T. Ry. Co. v. Greenwood (Tex. Civ. App.) 810.
*In order to hold the master liable for in- juries to a servant, the master's negligence must be proved to have been the proximate cause of the injury.-Missouri, K. & T. Ry. Co. v. Greenwood (Tex. Civ. App.) 810. § 10.
Admissibility of evidence. *In an action against a railroad for injuries to a fireman, certain rule of the railroad held properly admitted in evidence.-Cin- cinnati, N. O. & T. P. Ry. Co. v. Curd (Ky.)
In an action for death of a servant, facts held insufficient to show that he was in de- fendant's service at the time he was killed.-
Baker's Adm'r v. Lexington & E. Ry. Co. (Ky.)
In an action for death of a brakeman by be- ing struck by a train approaching him from the rear, evidence that he could as well have stood in a different place, where he would have been safe, held admissible.--Cincinnati, N. O. & T. P. Ry. Co. v. Hill's Adm'r (Ky.) 523.
In an action for injuries to a servant, admis sion of evidence not referred to in petition held proper.-Day v. Emery-Bird-Thayer Dry Goods Co. (Mo. App.) 903.
In an action for injuries to a servant, ques- tion of servant's mental capacity, etc., may be considered on the issues of assumed risk and contributory negligence.-Drake v. San Antonio & A. P. Ry. Co. (Tex. Sup.) 407.
In an action against a railway company for injuries received by an employé on a work train, certain evidence held inadmissible.-Gulf. C. & S. F. Ry. Co. v. Hays (Tex. Civ. App.) 29.
On the issue of the incompetency of a brake- man, specific acts of negligence held admissible. -Gulf, C. & S. F. Ry. Co. v. Hays (Tex. Civ. App.) 29.
On the issue of the incompetency of a brake- man, evidence of his reputation held admissible. -Gulf. C. & S. F. Ry. Co. v. Hays (Tex. Civ. App.) 29.
*On the issue of the incompetency of a serv- ant, certain evidence held admissible as show- ing that the master had received such notice that inquiry would show incompetency.-Gulf, C. & S. F. Ry. Co. v. Hays (Tex. Civ. App.) 29. Evidence showing that it was the custom of a railway company to notify regular trains of the presence of work trains was admissible.- Gulf, C. & S. F. Ry. Co. v. Hays (Tex. Civ. App.) 29.
In an action against a railway company for injuries to a servant on a work train, the ques- tion, which of two rules regulating the move- ment of trains was the safer, held immaterial. Gulf, C. & S. F. Ry. Co. v. Hays (Tex. Civ. App.) 29.
*On the issue of negligence of a railroad in making an inspection in consequence of which negligence a servant was injured, evidence as to the similarity of the inspection to inspec- tions made by other roads held competent.- Hover v. Chicago, R. I. & G. Ry. Co. (Tex. Civ. App.) 1084.
On the issue of negligence of a railroad in inspecting a tender which was subsequently wrecked, thereby injuring a trainman, evi- dence that the inspector knew that his son was to go in the engine to which the tender was attached held relevant.-Hover v. Chicago, R. I. & G. Ry. Co. (Tex. Civ. App.) 1084.
In an action for injuries to a member of a railroad construction crew, evidence held not sufficient to show negligence.-Yates v. Miller's
Creek Const. Co. (Ky.) 241.
In an action by a servant for personal in- jury from defective machinery, evidence held to sustain a verdict for plaintiff.-Stratton & Torstegge v. Mattingly (Ky.) 513.
held insufficient to sustain a finding that he In a suit for death of a brakeman, evidence stood on the main track in plain view of the operatives of the train which struck him, with his back toward it, for several hundred yards before they arrived at the place of the acci- dent.-Cincinnati, N. O. & T. P. Ry. Co. v. Hill's Adm'r (Ky.) 523.
In an action for death of a brakeman, evi- dence that there was nothing to indicate to the operatives of the train that he would come on the track in front of the train until he did so held admissible.-Cincinnati, N. O. & T. P. Ry. Co. v. Hill's Adm'r (Ky.) 523.
In an action against a railroad for the death of a brakeman, evidence held insufficient to show that deceased's death was attributable to defects in the coupling apparatus, the step of the pilot, and the track.-Missouri, K. & T. Ry. Co. v. Greenwood (Tex. Civ. App.) 810.
In an action against a railroad for injuries to a trainman, evidence held insufficient to show negligence on the part of the engineer in fail- ing to stop the train after discovering the defect. Hover v. Chicago, R. I. & G. Ry. Co. (Tex. Civ. App.) 1084.
In an action against a railroad for injuries to a trainman caused by a defective flange, evidence held insufficient to sustain a finding that the defect should have been discovered by the railroad.-Hover v. Chicago, R. I. & G. Ry. Co. (Tex. Civ. App.) 1084.
In an action for injuries to a servant injured by the raising of the hammer of a pile driver, evidence held sufficient to warrant a finding that he had not assumed the risk.-Gulf, C. * Point annotated. See syllabus.
In an action against a railway company for injuries to a servant, certain evidence, showing
In an action for injuries to a servant in- jured by the raising of the hammer of a pile driver, evidence held sufficient to warrant a finding of freedom from contributory negli- gence. Gulf, C. & S. F. Ry. Co. v. Huyett (Tex. Civ. App.) 1118.
In an action for injuries to a servant injured by the raising of the hammer of a pile driver, evidence considered, and held sufficient to war- rant a finding of negligence.-Gulf, C. & S. F. Ry. Co. v. Huyett (Tex. Civ. App.) 1118. $ 12.
In an action for injuries to a brakeman, whether plaintiff's injuries were proximately caused by defendant's negligence in failing to stop the cars attached to the engine, under the circumstances, was for the jury-Southern Const. Co. v. Hinkle (Tex. Civ. App.) 309.
In an action for injuries to a servant, the court held to have properly submitted de- fendant's negligence in failing to furnish better lights as a concurring cause of the injury.- Chicago, R. I. & T. Ry. Co. v. Jackson (Tex. Civ. App.) 1117.
In an action for injuries to a servant, in- Evidence held not to prove actionable negli-structions held sufficiently favorable to defend- gence on the master's part.-Justice v. W. M. ant.-Mergenthaler-Horton Basket Mach. Co. Ritter Lumber Co. (Ky.) 171. v. Lyon (Ky.) 522.
In an action for injuries to a servant, an
*Whether a foreman of railroad work crew was guilty of such gross negligence as to render the railroad liable for injuries to a member of instruction held to have stated the law on as- the crew held a question for the jury.-Louis-sumption of risk more favorably to defendant than was authorized.-Kennedy V. Kansas ville & N. R. Co. v. Bishop (Ky.) 221. City, St. J. & C. B. R. Co. (Mo. Šup.) 370.
In an action against a railroad company for injuries to a brakeman owing to a moving car, which he was endeavoring to couple to a locomotive, colliding with another car, held that the question whether he was guilty of contributory negligence in not knowing of the position of the other car was for the jury.- Kennedy v. Kansas City, St. J. & C. B. R. Co. (Mo. Sup.) 370.
Servant held not guilty of contributory negli- gence in law in falling through a hole in the floor.-Day v. Emery-Bird-Thayer Dry Goods Co. (Mo. App.) 903.
*In an action for injuries to a servant, whether the servant was guilty of contributory negligence held a question for the jury. Drake v. San Antonio & A. P. Ry. Co. (Tex. Sup.) 407.
*In an action for injuries to a servant, whether the servant assumed the risk held a question for the jury.--Drake v. San Antonio & A. P. Ry. Co. (Tex. Sup.) 407.
*Whether the defective condition of a tool used by a servant is so obvious that he neces- sarily assumes the risk of using it is, in doubtful cases, a question for the jury.-Drake v. San Antonio & A. P. Ry. Co. (Tex. Sup.)
In an action against a railway company for injuries to an employé on a work train by being struck by a regular train, held proper to submit to the jury the question of the train dispatcher's failure to comply with a certain rule.-Gulf, C. & S. F. Ry. Co. v. Hays (Tex. Civ. App.) 29.
*Whether flagging a regular train by a brake- man on a work train on the track was sufficient to prevent a collision held for the jury.-Gulf, C. & S. F. Ry. Co. v. Hays (Tex. Civ. App.) 29. In an action for injuries to a brakeman while attempting to make a coupling, plaintiff held not guilty of contributory negligence as matter of law. Southern Const. Co. v. Hinkle (Tex. Civ. App.) 309.
In an action for injuries to a railroad brake- man, the instruction by the court as to the facts which plaintiff must prove in order to recover held sufficiently favorable_to_defend- ant.Kennedy v. Kansas City, St. J. & C. B. R. Co. (Mo. Sup.) 370.
In an action for injuries to a railroad engineer in jumping to escape collision, an instruction on contributory negligence, though negative, held &A. P. Ry. Co. v. Lester (Tex. Sup.) 752. not objectionable as misleading.-San Antonio
In an action for personal injury, the re-. fusal to charge on the question of independent contractor held reversible error.-Texas Short Line Ry. Co. v. Waymire (Tex. Civ. App.) 452.
In an action for injuries to a section hand, certain charge should have been given.-St. Louis Southwestern Ry. Co. v. Demsey (Tex. Civ. App.) 786.
§ 14. Liabilities for injuries to third
Evidence in an action for the death of a person by the reckless driving of another held vehicle was an employé of defendant, and that to warrant a finding that the driver of the the vehicle was its property.-Louisville Water Co. v. Phillips' Adm'r (Ky.) 700.
An instruction in an action for the negligent death of a person held not erroneous, as author- izing a verdict without a finding that the person killing decedent was at the time in the perform- ance of his duties as defendant's servant.- Louisville Water Co. v. Phillips' Adm'r (Ky.) 700.
of a person held to establish a prima facie case. Evidence in an action for the negligent death -Louisville Water Co. v. Phillips' Adm'r (Ky.) 700.
MEASURE OF DAMAGES.
See "Damages," §§ 3, 5, 7.
For breach of contract for sale of realty, see "Vendor and Purchaser," § 5. For breach of warranty of goods sold, see "Sales," § 8.
For false imprisonment, see "False Imprison- ment," § 1.
For injuries to live stock in transportation, see "Carriers," § 7.
For wrongful sale of timber, see "Logs and Logging."
* Point annotated. See syllabus.
MECHANICS' LIENS.
1. Right to lien. Under Ky. St. 1903, § 2463, held a subcon- tractor was not entitled to a lien, the condi- tions under which anything should be due the contractor not having been complied with. -Terrell v. McHenry (Ky.) 306.
§ 2. Proceedings to perfect.
A furnisher of materials having notified the owner of its claim, and fixed its lien, when the owner had more than enough in his hands to pay it, it was immaterial that it did not give notice of the items of its bills as the materials were furnished.-Nichols v. Dixon (Tex. Sup.)
Where plaintiffs purchased an interest in an alleged oil well from defendants, both believing that oil had been struck, when in fact the well had been salted, plaintiffs were entitled to a cancellation of the conveyance for mutual mis- take.-Rowland v. Cox (Ky.) 215.
In action for injunction and damages for breach of mining lease by change of screens, evidence to show results of certain tests on different screens held admissible.-Drake v. Black Diamond Coal & Mining Co. (Ky.) 545.
Lessors of mine held entitled to have coal passed over certain kind of screens, use of dif- ferent screen being violation of lease, so that lessees could not be heard to say substituted screen should be permitted because they had expended a considerable sum of money in mak- ing change.-Drake v. Black Diamond Coal & Mining Co. (Ky.) 545.
A subcontractor held not estopped from See "Infants." enforcing his lien, though the owner has fully paid the principal contractor.-Mivelaz Genovely (Ky.) 109.
Evidence held to show that the contract for putting on a roof was that it should not be paid for if it leaked.-Terrell v. McHenry (Ky.) 306.
Rev. St. 1895, art. 3310, providing that all mechanics' and materialmen's liens shall be on an equal footing without reference to the date of filing, held to apply only to liens filed as provided by the mechanic's lien law. Nichols v. Dixon (Tex. Sup.) 765.
A materialman not having notified the owner of his claim of lien, under Rev. St. 1895, arts. 3296, 3308, 3310, until after the latter had paid out the larger portion of the amount held at the time he received notice from another claim- ant, held not entitled to share equally with a notifying claimant.-Nichols v. Dixon (Tex. Sup.) 765.
§ 1. Title, conveyances, and contracts. Where both plaintiffs and defendants conveyance of an interest in an oil well believed that it produced oil, plaintiffs held not pre- cluded from cancelling the conveyance by reason of the speculative character of the property.-Rowland v. Cox (Ky.) 215.
Assignees of the holders of an oil lease held estopped to defend a suit for cancellation of a
Necessity for preliminary examination on pros- ecution for, see "Criminal Law," § 4. Necessity for statement of punishment in re- cognizance on appeal from conviction of, see "Criminal Law," § 31.
Time for objection to pleading on ground of, see "Pleading," § 8.
By insured, see "Insurance," § 5.
Ground for cancellation of conveyance of in- terest in oil well, see "Mines and Minerals," § 1. Ground for rescission of conveyance, see "Vend- or and Purchaser," § 2.
MODIFICATION.
Of contract, see "Sales," § 3.
Of judgment or order on appeal, see "Appeal and Error," § 29.
Settlement as to, between partners and their representatives, see "Partnership," § 4.
Recovery of voluntary payments as between payor and payee, see "Payment," § 3.
MONEY RECEIVED.
Recovery of payment in general, see “Pay- ment," § 3.
Recovery of tax paid, see "Taxation,” § 6. * Point annotated. See syllabus.
Prohibiting members of trust or pool from doing business in state as applied to insurance companies, see "Insurance," § 1.
§ 1. Trusts and other combinations in restraint of trade.
A voluntary association, organized to promote the interests of dealers in live stock in a cer- tain place, held not an illegal combination in restraint of trade, within Rev. St. 1899, § 8978. Gladish v. Bridgeford (Mo. App.) 77.
MORTALITY TABLES.
As evidence, in civil actions, see "Evidence," § 8.
Use in actions for damages, see "Damages," § 7.
Allegations concerning execution of, as conclu- sion, see "Pleading," § 1.
Application of proceeds of sale of mortgaged property, see "Payment," § 2.
By corporation, see "Corporations," § 3. Estoppel to assail validity of sale by mort- gagee, see "Estoppel," § 1.
Estoppel to assert character of conveyance, see "Estoppel," § 1.
Extension of mortgage as delaying payment of purchase price, see "Vendor and Pur- chaser," 3.
Of personal property, see "Chattel Mortgages." § 1. Foreclosure by exercise of power
The failure of a mortgagee, taking mortgaged property, to apply it on the debt, held a matter of defense, in a suit to recover the balance of the debt.-Aultman & Taylor Co. v. Meade (Ky.) 137.
A mortgagee, foreclosing the mortgage in vio- lation of Civ. Code Prac. § 375, held liable to account for the actual value of the mortgaged property. Aultman & Taylor Co. v. Meade (Ky.) 137.
In a suit to cancel a sale under a deed of trust, the evidence held to warrant a finding that the appointment of a substituted trustee was made by one other than the holder of the note.-Wilder v. Moren (Tex. Civ. App.) 1087. Agent of holder of note secured by deed of trust held to have had no authority to appoint a substituted trustee.-Wilder v. Moren (Tex. Civ. App.) 1087.
§ 2. Foreclosure by action.
An answer in a suit to enforce a mortgage held to set not merely a counterclaim, under Civ. Code Prac. § 96, but a defense as well. Aultman & Taylor Co. v. Meade (Ky.) 137.
A defense in a suit to enforce the mortgage held an accord and satisfaction, and not barred by limitations.-Aultman & Taylor Co. v. Meade (Ky.) 137.
A bona fide purchaser from purchasers at a mortgage sale held not affected by their exten- sion of time to redeem.-Matney v. Williams (Ky.) 678.
Evidence held sufficient to sustain a finding that there was no extension of time to redeem
from mortgage foreclosure.-Matney v. Wil- liams (Ky.) 678.
Arrest of judgment in criminal prosecutions, see "Criminal Law," § 25. Change of venue in civil actions, see "Venue," § 2.
Change of venue in criminal prosecutions, see "Criminal Law," § 2.
Continuance in civil actions, see "Continu- ance."
New trial in civil actions, see "New Trial," § 2.
New trial in criminal prosecutions, see "Crimi- nal Law," § 25.
Opening or setting aside default judgment, see "Judgment," § 2.
Presentation of objections for review, see “Ap- peal and Error," § 3.
Relating to pleadings, see "Pleading," §§ 4, 7. Separate trial in criminal case, see "Criminal Law," § 15.
Striking out evidence, see "Criminal Law," § 18; "Trial," § 2.
To exclude testimony, see "Evidence," § 10.
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS.
See "Counties"; "Schools and School Districts," § 1.
Dedication of land for street, see "Dedication," § 1. Excessive damages for injury by defective street, see "Damages," § 4.
Interest on unliquidated demand against, see Judicial notice of city charter and ordinances, "Interest," § 2. see "Evidence," § 1.
Liability of town to expense of providing court- house, see "Courts," § 2. Municipal inspection regulations, see "Inspec- Persons entitled to allege error in action to en- force assessments for public improvements, see Police regulations as to sale of food, see "Food." "Appeal and Error," § 20. Prohibition against prosecution by city, see "Prohibition," § 1.
Street railroads, see "Street Railroads." Taxation in general, see "Taxation," §§ 1, 2. alteration, existence, 1. Creation,
and dissolution. An ordinance of a city enlarging its boun- daries held void under Ky. St. 1903, §§ 3611, 3612.-City of Bardstown v. Hurst (Ky.) 147.
*Ky. St. 1903, § 3483, authorizing the chang- ing of the boundaries of cities, held not in- valid.-Miller v. City of Pineville (Ky.) 261.
Territory placed outside the limits of a city on the boundaries thereof being changed under Ky. St. 1903, § 3483, held not subject to tax- ation for the payment of bonds issued while the territory was within the city limits.-Miller v. City of Pineville (Ky.) 261.
tory cut off from a city, in proceedings to re- Agreement of taxpayers living within terri- duce its limits, to assist in paying the city's debts, held not to authorize the taxation by the city of their property.-Miller v. City of Pine- ville (Ky.) 261.
Governmental powers and func- tions in general.
*A common council is, when exercising its ministerial or administrative powers, subject to judicial control.-State ex rel. Abel v. Gates (Mo. Sup.) 881.
A municipality when granting the right to furnish gas to inhabitants held to exercise * Point annotated. See syllabus.
ministerial or administrative powers subject to § 5. Public improvements-Power judicial control.-State ex rel. Abel v. Gates (Mo. Sup.) 881.
3. Proceedings of council or other governing body.
make improvements or grant aid therefor.
Under the express provisions of Ky. St. 1903, § 3105, a city of the second class has authority to have a sewer constructed at the cost of abutting property owners.-City of Cov- ington v. W. T. Noland & Co. (Ky.) 216.
The proper way to settle a dispute as to which of several aldermen, all elected to fill the full term by mistake, should fill a short term caused by vacancy, was to cast lots.-6. Hobbs v. Upington (Ky.) 128.
Aldermen having been elected without desig- nating the one to fill an unexpired term, the mayor held without power to determine which of them should hold for the short term.-Hobbs v. Upington (Ky.) 128.
Members of a city board of aldermen elect- ed at a particular election held not entitled to vote on the question as to which of them was elected for a short term to fill a vacancy. Hobbs v. Upington (Ky.) 128.
The right of a board of aldermen to deter mine the election and qualifications of its members does not authorize them to take from a member an office to which he has a vested right.-Hobbs v. Upington (Ky.) 128.
Parts of an ordinance held not affected by invalidity of other parts.-City of St. Louis v. Liessing (Mo. Sup.) 611.
Though an ordinance creating an office pro- vides for more steps in his appointment than required by the charter, held that neither other parts of the ordinance nor the appoint- ment is invalid.-City of St. Louis v. Liessing (Mo. Sup.) 611.
The subject-matter of an ordinance held ex- pressed in the title, as required by the charter. -City of St. Louis v. Liessing (Mo. Sup.) 611. Parts of an ordinance for registration of milk venders and payment of a registration fee, held valid, and, therefore, to be sustained, even if other parts are invalid.-City of St. Louis v. Grafeman Dairy Co. (Mo. Sup.) 617.
*The provision of an ordinance for regis- tration of milk venders and payment of a registration fee held within its title. City of St. Louis v. Grafeman Dairy Co. (Mo. Sup.)
In an action against a street railway com- pany for injuries to a pedestrian, the admission in evidence, without objection, of an amended ordinance regulating the speed of cars, held not erroneous. Knoxville Traction Co. V. Brown (Tenn.) 319.
4. Officers, agents, and employés. An agreement between members of a board of aldermen by which one of them agreed to accept a short term in consideration of being appointed president of the board held not con- trary to public policy.-Hobbs v. Upington (Ky.) 128.
A member of a board of aldermen having agreed to take a short term in case he was elected president of the board, held estopped, after the expiration of the short term, to claim the long one.-Hobbs v. Upington (Ky.) 128.
The annual salary fixed by a city for its health officer, under Ky. St. 1903, §§ 2059, 2060, held not subject to judicial interference unless unreasonably small.-Graves v. City of Paducah (Ky.) 708.
Preliminary proceedings and ordinances or resolutions. objectionable because it provided that the im- Municipal improvement ordinance held not provement might be constructed from one of a number of different materials.-Ex parte City of Paducah (Ky.) 302.
subject to the objection of delegating to the Municipal improvement ordinance held not board of public works legislative powers of (Ky.) 302. the city council.-Ex parte City of Paducah
The city charter of Houston held to authorize the council to accept plans for a public building when the board of public works failed for 15 days to report thereon.-City of Houston v. Glover (Tex. Civ. App.) 425.
Under Ky. St. 1903, § 3100, held that a city is not liable for a public improvement except in cases where the city has no power to make an improvement at the cost of owners of abut- ting property.-City of Covington v. W. T. Noland & Co. (Ky.) 216.
The validity of a contract by a city for the employment of an architect to prepare plans for a public building held not affected by validity or invalidity of the contract for the erection of Civ. App.) 425. the building. City of Houston v. Glover (Tex.
for public works, held not to apply to the The city charter of Houston, relating to bids employment of an architect to prepare plans.- City of Houston v. Glover (Tex. Civ. App.) 425.
That a city finally decided not to use the plans of an architect for the construction of a public building does not affect its obligation to tract employing him to prepare plans. City of pay the architect in accordance with the con- Houston v. Glover (Tex. Civ. App.) 425.
Assessments for benefits, and special taxes.
Work done on a street held original con- struction and not reconstruction, so that abut- ting owners were liable therefor.-Heim v. Figg (Ky.) 301.
A city, on improving a street, held authorized to charge the cost thereof on certain property.- Steinacker v. Gast (Ky.) 481.
A street in a square bounded by streets held a public street.-Steinacker v. Gast (Ky.) 481. Under Acts April 19, 1893, p. 65, and Rev. St. 1889, § 1498, councils in cities of the third class held required to levy taxes for street improvements after the completion of the im- provements and their acceptance by the council. -City of Sedalia, to Use of Sedalia Nat. Bank, v. Donohue (Mo. Sup.) 386.
Under Rev. St. 1889, §§ 1495, 1496, 1498, and Acts April 19, 1893, p. 65, city council of cities of the third class held not to have power to delegate to the city clerk the power to The annual salary of a health officer for a levy and assess the cost of stree: improvement. city held not shown to have been inadequate.--City of Sedalia, to Use of Sedalia Nat. Bank, Graves v. City of Paducah (Ky.) 708. v. Donohue (Mo. Sup.) 386.
The chairman of a city water and light com- mission held without authority under the city charter to settle claims against it.-City of Austin v. Forbis (Tex. Sup.) 405.
§ 9. Police power and regulations. An information for violation of an ordinance held sufficiently specified. City of St. Louis v. Liessing (Mo. Sup.) 611.
* Point annotated. See syllabus.
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