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saying, "that it was very unnecessary, and unsea- twelve of the clock, with much passion; and the "sonable: unnecessary, all those grievances being house being then divided, upon the passing or not already fully redressed; and the liberty and pro- passing it, it was carried for the affirmative, by perty of the subject being as well secured for nine voices, and no more: and as soon as it was "the future, as could possibly be done: and then declared, Mr. Hambden moved, "that there might "that it was very unseasonable, after the king had "be an order entered for the present printing it;" gratified them, with granting every thing which which produced a sharper debate than the former. they had desired of him; and after so long ab- It appeared then, that they did not intend to send 66 sence, in the settling the disorders in another it up to the house of peers for their concurrence; kingdom, which he had happily composed; to but that it was upon the matter an appeal to the "be now welcomed home with such a volume of people; and to infuse jealousies into their minds. reproaches, for what others had done amiss, and It had never been the custom to publish any de"which he himself had reformed." Notwithstand- bates, or determinations of the house, which were ing all which, all the other party appeared pas- not regularly first transmitted to the house of sionately concerned that it might not be rejected; peers; nor was it thought, in truth, that the and enlarged themselves with as high expressions house had authority to give warrant for the printagainst the government, as at first; with many ing of any thing; all which was offered by Mr. insinuations, "that we were in danger of being Hyde, with some warmth, as soon as the motion deprived of all the good acts which we had was made for the printing it; and he said, "he gained, if great care and vigilance was not used," did believe the printing it in that manner was "to disappoint some counsels which were still "not lawful; and he feared it would produce "entertained;" making doubtful glances and re- "mischievous effects; and therefore desired the flections upon the rebellion in Ireland, (with which" they perceived many good men were easily amused,) and in the end prevailed, "that a day should be appointed, when the house should be resolved "into a grand committee, and the remonstrance "to be then retaken into consideration:" and in the mean time they employed all their credit and interest with particular men, to persuade them, "that the passing that remonstrance was most necessary, for the preservation and maintenance of all those good laws which they had already made;" giving several reasons to several persons, according to their natures and inclinations; assuring many, "that they intended it only for "the mortification of the court, and manifestation "that that malignant party, which appeared to be "growing up in the house, could not prevail;" and then that it should remain still in the clerk's "hands, and never be published."

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leave of the house, that if the question should be put, and carried in the affirmative, that he might "have liberty to enter his protestation;" which he no sooner said, than Jeffery Palmer (a man of great reputation, and much esteemed in the house) stood up, and made the same motion for himself, "that he might likewise protest." When immediately together many afterwards, without distinction, and in some disorder, cried out, "They did protest:" so that there was after scarce any quiet and regular debate. But the house by degrees being quieted, they all consented, about two of the clock in the morning, to adjourn till two of the clock the next afternoon. And as they went out of the house, the lord Falkland asked Oliver Cromwell, "whether there had been a debate?" to which he answered, "that he would take his word "another time;" and whispered him in the ear, with some asseveration, "that if the remonstrance And by these, and the like arts, they promised "had been rejected, he would have sold all he had themselves, that they should easily carry it: so "the next morning, and never have seen England that the day it was to be resumed, they entertained" more; and he knew there were many other the house all the morning with other debates, and "honest men of the same resolution." So near towards noon called for the remonstrance; and it was the poor kingdom at that time to its deliverbeing urged by some, "that it was too late to ance. "enter upon it, with much difficulty they con"sented, that it should be entered upon the next "morning at nine of the clock; and every clause "should be debated, the speaker in the chair;" for they would not have the house resolved into a committee, which they believed would spend too much time. Oliver Cromwell (who, at that time, was little taken notice of) asked the lord Falkland, Why he would have it put off, for that day would quickly have determined it?" He answered, "There would not have been time enough, for sure it would take some debate." The other replied, "A very sorry one:" they supposing, by the computation they had made, that very few would oppose it.

But he quickly found he was mistaken: for the next morning, the debate being entered upon about nine of the clock in the morning, it continued all that day; and candles being called for when it grew dark, (neither side being very desirous to adjourn it till the next day; though it was evident, very many withdrew themselves out of pure faintness and disability to attend the conclusion,) the debate continued, till after it was

And however they got this victory, they did not in a long time recover the spirits they lost, and the agony they had sustained, whilst it was in suspense; and they discerned well enough, that the house had not, at that time, half its members; though they had provided, that not a man of their party was absent; and that they had even then carried it by the hour of the night, which drove away a greater number of old and infirm opposers, than would have made those of the negative superior in number: so that they had little hope, in a fuller house, to prevail in any of their unjust designs, except they found some other expedient, by hopes or fears, to work upon the affections of the several members.

In order to which, they spent most part of the next day in their private consultations, how to chastise some of those who most offended them the day before; and resolved in the first place, not to suffer that precedent to be introduced into the house," that men should protest against the sense "of the house :" which, it is true, had not been used in the house of commons. And this subject was the more grateful to them, because they should

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noise and clamour "to withdraw;" and as great "to speak :" upon which he proceeded, and said, "He was not old enough to know the ancient cus"toms of that house; but, that he well knew, it "and leave was never denied to any man, who asked that he might protest, and enter his dissent, against any judgment of the house, to "which he would not be understood to have given "his consent: that he did not understand any reason, why a commoner should not have the same liberty, if he desired not to be involved " in any vote, which he thought might possibly be "inconvenient to him. That he had not offered "his protestation against the remonstrance, though "he had opposed [it] all he could, because it re"mained still within those walls; that he had only desired leave to protest against the printing "it; which, he thought, was not in many respects "lawful for them to do; and might prove very pernicious to the public peace.

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hereby take revenge upon Mr. Hyde, whom they perfectly hated above any man; and to whose activity they imputed the trouble they had sustained the day before; and he was the first who made the protestation, that is, asked leave to do" was a very ancient custom in the house of peers; it; which produced the other subsequent clamour, that was indeed in some disorder. But here they" differed amongst themselves; all the leading violent men, who bore the greatest sway, were most glad of the occasion, as it gave them opportunity to be rid of Mr. Hyde, which they passionately desired but sir John Hotham, Cholmondley, and Stapleton (who never severed, and had a numerous train which attended their motions) remembered the service Mr. Hyde had done against the court of York, (the overthrowing whereof was their peculiar glory,) and would not consent that they should question him; but were ready to concur with them in the prosecution of any other of the protesters; whereof there was number enough. This made so great difference amongst them, that for the present they agreed no further, than "that "they would that afternoon only provide, that the "next morning they would fall upon the matter;' and that then they might consult together at night," what person they would sacrifice.

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And so about three of the clock, when the house met, Mr. Pym "lamented the disorder of the night "before, which, he said, might probably have engaged the house in blood, and proceeded principally [from] the offering a protestation, which "had been never before offered in that house, and was a transgression that ought to be severely examined, that mischief hereafter might not re"sult from that precedent: and therefore proposed, "that the house would the next morning enter upon that examination; and in the mean time, "men might recollect themselves, and they, who "used to take notes, might peruse their memo"rials; that the persons who were the chief causers of the disorder might be named, and "defend themselves the best they could:" and with this resolution the house arose; the vexation of the night before being very visible in the looks and countenance of many. And that night's deliberation, nor all the artifice or importunity that could be used, could not remove the obstinate northern men from their resolution: and they declared positively, "that, if they prosecuted Mr. "Hyde, they, and all their friends, would engage "in his defence:" but the others would not incur the danger or inconvenience of such a schism; and so they unanimously agreed upon a third person, whom they would accuse.

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They were very much offended with all he said, and his confidence in speaking; and Mr. Strode could not contain himself from saying, “that that gentleman had confessed that he had first proposed the protestation; and, therefore, desired he might withdraw;" which many others likewise called for: till sir John Hothain appeared with some warmth against it; and young Hotham, his son, accused Jeffery Palmer "of giving the cause "of disorder, by saying, I do protest, without asking the leave of the house, and encouraging "[others] to cry out every man, I do protest: whereupon they all fell into that noise and confusion; and so, without much more discourse, Mr. Palmer was called upon "to explain ;" which as he was about to do, Mr. Hyde (who loved him much, and had rather have suffered himself, than that he should) spake to the orders of the house; and said, "that it was against the orders and practice "of the house, that any man should be called upon "to explain, for any thing he said in the house "two days before; when it could not be presumed, "that his own memory could recollect all the words " he had used; or that any body else could charge "him with them; and appealed to the house, "whether there was any precedent of the like." And there is no doubt, there never had been; and it was very irregular. But they were too positively resolved not to be diverted; and, after two hours' debate, himself desiring, "that, to save the house "further trouble, he might answer, and with"draw;" which he did. When it drew towards night, after many hours' debate, it was ordered, The next morning they first enlarged upon the" that he should be committed to the Tower;" the offence itself; "of the mischief it had like to have angry men pressing, with all their power, "that produced, and of the mischief it would unavoid- " he might be expelled the house;" having borne ably produce, if the custom or liberty of it was him a long grudge, for the civility he shewed in ever introduced; that it was the first time it had the prosecution of the earl of Strafford; that is, ever been offered in that house; and that care that he had not used the same reproachful lanought to be taken, that it should be the last; by guage which the others had done: but they were "the severe judgment of the house, upon those at last glad to compound for his bare commitment persons who had begun the presumption." to the Tower: from whence he was within few Mr. Hyde, who had then known nothing of the days enlarged, and returned again to the house. private consultation, and had many reasons to be- And in the close of that day, and the rising of the lieve himself to be designed, stood up (notwith-house, without much opposition, they obtained an standing some signs made to him at a distance by his northern friends, which he understood not) and That remonstrance, after many clauses and unsaid, "It concerned him to justify what he had becoming expressions were cast out, contained, "done, being the first man who mentioned the "that there had been, from the beginning of his protestation:" upon which there was a general" majesty's reign, a malignant and pernicious de

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oppression, and violence, which, after the breach "of that parliament, broke in upon them, without any restraint or moderation; with the great sums "of money he had exacted throughout the king"dom for default of knighthood, in the fourth year of his reign; with the receiving tonnage "and poundage from the death of king James "and raising the book of rates, and laying new "impositions upon trade; with the enlargement of forests, and compositions thereupon; the engrossing gunpowder, and suffering none to buy it without license; with all the most odious monopolies of soap, wine, salt, leather, sea-coal, " and the rest," (which had been granted from his majesty's first coming to the crown, and some of them before,) "with the new tax of ship-money, "and the ill-guarding the seas, and leaving the "merchant naked to the violence of the Turkish pirates, notwithstanding that extraordinary and extravagant supply; with the vexations upon pretence of nuisances in building, and thereupon raising great sums of money for licenses to "build; and of depopulation, that men might pay "fines to continue the same misdemeanour; with "the seizing the merchants' money in the mint; "and an abominable project of making brass money."

sign, of subverting the fundamental laws and principles of government, upon which the religion and justice of the kingdom was established: "that the actors and promoters thereof were the "jesuited papists; the bishops and corrupt part "of the clergy; and such counsellors and cour"tiers, as had engaged themselves to further the "interests of some foreign princes, or states, to "the prejudice of the king and state at home; all "which had endeavoured to raise differences and" "discontents betwixt the king and his people, upon questions of prerogative and liberty; to suppress the purity of religion, and such men as were best affected to it, as the greatest impe"diment to that change which they thought to "introduce; to cherish and maintain those opin"ions in religion, which brought ours nearest " and most agreeable to the papists'; and to con"tinue, multiply, and enlarge the differences be"tween the protestants themselves, distinguishing "between protestants and puritans, by introduc"ing and countenancing such opinions and cere"monies, as were fittest for accommodation with "popery; that so, of papists, Arminians, and "libertines, they might compose a body fit to act "such counsels and resolutions, as were most "conducible to their own ends: and, lastly, to "disaffect the king to parliaments, by slanders "and false imputations, and so putting him upon "other ways of supply, as of more advantage than "the ordinary course of subsidies, which brought "infinite loss to king and people, and caused the "distractions which ensued."

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They repeated "the extravagant censures of the "star-chamber, whereby the subject had been op"pressed by fines, imprisonments, stigmatizings, "mutilations, whippings, pillories, gags, confinements, banishments; the severe and illegal proceedings of the council-table, and other new"erected judicatories; and the suspensions, ex"communications, and deprivations of learned and pious ministers, by the high commission court; "which grew to that excess of sharpness and "severity, that they said it was not much less "than the Romish inquisition."

They remembered "the breach of the parlia"ment at Oxford, in the first year of his majesty's "reign; and reproached his majesty with the "fruitless voyage to Cadiz, at his first coming to "the crown; the loss of Rochelle, by first sup"pressing their fleet with his own royal ships, by "which the protestant religion in France infinitely They reproached the king "with the liturgy and "suffered; the making a war with France preci- canons sent into Scotland, as an attempt upon "pitately, and a peace with Spain, without their "the protestant religion; with the forcing that "consent, and so deserting the cause of the pala-"nation to raise an army in their own defence, "tinate; and with a design to bring in German" and raising an army against them; with the "horse, to force the kingdom, by rigour, to sub"mit to such arbitrary contributions, as should "be required of them."

They remembered him "of charging the king"dom by billeting of soldiers, and by raising coat "and conduct money for those soldiers, in the se"cond and third years of his reign; of his dis"solving the parliament in his second year, after "their declaration of an intent to grant five subsi"dies; and the exacting those five subsidies after"wards by a commission of loan; upon the refusal "whereof, divers gentlemen and others were im"prisoned, whereof some died, by the diseases they contracted in that imprisonment; of great "sums raised by privy-seals; and of an attempt "to set the excise on foot."

They remembered "the dissolution of the par"liament in the fourth year of his reign, and the "untrue and scandalous declarations thereupon; "the imprisoning divers members of that parlia"ment after the dissolution, and detaining them "close prisoners for words spoken in parliament; "sentencing and fining them for those words; one "of which died in prison, for want of ordinary "refreshment, whose blood (they said) still cried "for vengeance."

They reproached his majesty "with injustice,

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to the unhappy beginning of the present parlia- | that of the protestation; and, the taking away the votes of bishops out of the house of peers,) "that Then they magnified their own services: "that" had attempted to disaffect and discontent his having found the kingdom groaning under these "majesty's late army, and to bring it up against "difficulties, which seemed to be insuperable, they "the parliament, and city of London; that had "had, by the Divine Providence, overcome them "raised the rebellion in Ireland; and, if not by all; that they [had] abolished ship-money, and "their wisdom prevented, had brought the like "all monopolies; and (which was the root of all 'misery and confusion in this kingdom." "those evils) had taken away that arbitrary power "of taxing the subject, which was pretended to be "in the king: that the living grievances, the evil "counsellors, were so quelled, by the justice done upon the earl of Strafford; the flight of the lord Finch, and secretary Windebank; the accusa"tion and imprisonment of the archbishop of Canterbury, and other delinquents; that it was "not like to be only an ease to the present times, "but a preservation to the future."

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they intended to reform and purge the foun"tains of learning, the two universities; that the "streams flowing from thence might be clear and pure, and an honour and comfort to the whole "land: that his majesty should be petitioned by "both houses, to employ such counsellors, ambassadors, and other ministers, in managing his "business at home and abroad, as the parliament might have cause to confide in; without which, they could not give his majesty such supplies "for his own support, or such assistance for "the protestant party beyond the seas, as was "desired."

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Then they declared, "that they meant to have a "general synod of the most grave, pious, learned, “and judicious divines of this island;" (when at that time there was not one orthodox divine of England in reputation with them;) "assisted by some from foreign parts, professing the same " religion, who should consider of all things necessary for the peace and good government of the "church; and present the result of their consul"tations to the parliament, to be there allowed [They] reckoned "all the good laws, and the" and confirmed: that they would provide a com"benefit the people received by those laws; spake " petent maintenance for conscientious and preach"of many good designs they had for the good of " ing ministers throughout the kingdom: that "the kingdom:" but then complained" of oppo"sitions, and obstructions, and difficulties, with "which they were encountered, and which still "lay in their way, with some strength, and much "obstinacy; that there was a malignant party "took heart again, that preferred some of their "own agents and factors to degrees of honour, "and to places of trust and employment. That they had endeavoured to work in his majesty ill impressions and opinions of their proceedings; as if they had done altogether their own work, "and not his; and had obtained many things from "him prejudicial to the crown, in respect of prerogative and profit. To wipe out which slander, they said, all they had done was for his majesty, "his greatness, honour, and support: that, when they gave five and twenty thousand pounds a "month, for the relief of the northern counties, "in the support of the Scottish army, it was given" "to the king, for that he was bound to protect his subjects; and that, when they undertook the charge of the army, which cost above fifty thou"sand pounds a month, it was given to the king, "for that it was his majesty's army, and the com"manders and soldiers under contract with him; "and that, when they undertook to pay their" "brethren of Scotland three hundred thousand pounds, it was to repair the damages and losses they had sustained by his majesty and his mi"nisters; and that these particulars amounted to "above eleven hundred thousand pounds."

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Then they negligently and perfunctorily passed over his majesty's graces and favours, as being "little more than in justice he was obliged to "grant, and of inconsiderable loss and damage to "himself; and promised the good people shortly ease in the matter of protections, (by which the "debts from parliament-men, and their followers, "and dependents, were not recoverable,) and speedily to pass a bill to that purpose.'

Withal they declared, "that the commons might have cause, often, justly to take excep“tions at some men for being counsellors, and yet not charge those men with crimes; for that "there are grounds of diffidence, which lie not in proof; and others, which though they may be proved, yet are not legally criminal; as to be a "known favourer of papists; or to have been very forward in defending or countenancing some great offenders, questioned in parliament; or to speak contemptuously of either house of parliament, or parliamentary proceedings; or such as are suspected to get counsellors' places, or any "other of trust concerning public employment, "for money that all good courses may be taken, "to unite the two kingdoms of England and "Scotland; to be mutually aiding and assisting one another, for the common good of the island, " and the honour of both :" with some other particulars of this nature.

I know not how those men have already answered it to their own consciences; or how they will answer it to Him who can discern their consciences; who, having assumed their country's trust, and, it may be, with great earnestness laboured to procure that trust, by their supine laziness, negligence, and absence, were the first inlets Then they inveighed against the malignant to these inundations; and so contributed to those party, that had sought "to cause jealousies be- licenses which have overwhelmed us. For, by "tween them and their brethren of Scotland; and this means, a handful of men, much inferior in "that had such a party of bishops and popish the beginning, in number and interest, came to lords in the house of peers, as hindered the pro- give laws to the major part; and to shew that ceedings of divers good bills, passed in the three diligent persons are a greater number in "commons' house, concerning sundry great arithmetic, as well as a more significant number "abuses and corruptions both in church and in logic, than ten unconcerned, they, by plural"state," (when, at that time, the house of peersity of voices, in the end, converted or reduced the had only refused to concur with them in two bills, whole body to their opinions. It is true, men of

Mr. Hollis, had been then preferred with Mr. Saint-John, before they were desperately embarked in their desperate designs, and had innocence enough about them, to trust the king, and be trusted by him; having yet contracted no personal animosities against him; it is very possible, that they might either have been made instruments to have done good service; or at least been restrained from endeavouring to subvert the royal building, for supporting whereof they were placed as principal pillars.

activity and faction, in any design, have many ad- | attempts,) and if Mr. Pym, Mr. Hambden, and vantages, that a composed and settled council, though industrious enough, usually have not; and some, that gallant men cannot give themselves leave to entertain: for, besides their through considering and forming their counsels before they begin to execute them, they contract a habit of ill nature and uningenuity necessary to their affairs, and the temper of those upon whom they are to work, that liberal-minded men would not persuade themselves to entertain, even for the prevention of all the mischief the others intend. And whosoever observed the ill arts, [by which] these men used to prevail upon the people in general; their absurd, ridiculous lying, to win the affections, and corrupt the understandings, of the weak; and the bold scandals, to confirm the wilful; the boundless promises they presented to the ambitious; and their gross, abject flatteries, and applications, to the vulgar-spirited; would hardly give himself leave to use those weapons, for the preservation of the three kingdoms.

But the rule the king gave himself, (very reasonable at another time,) that they should first do service, and compass this or that thing for him, before they should receive favour, was then very unseasonable: since, besides that they could not in truth do him that service without the qualification, it could not be expected they would desert that side, by the power of which they were sure to make themselves considerable, without an unquestionable mark of interest in the other, by which they were to keep up their power and reputation: and so, whilst the king expected they should manifest their inclinations to his service, by their temper and moderation in those proceedings that most offended him; and they endeavoured, by doing all the hurt they could, to make evident the power they had to do him good; he grew SO far disobliged and provoked, that he could not in honour gratify them; and they so obnoxious and guilty, that they could not think themselves secure in his favour: and thence, according to the policy and method of injustice, combined to oppress that power they had injured; and to raise a security for themselves, by disenabling the king to question their transgressions.

The king besides had at that time a greater disadvantage (besides the concurrence of ill and extraordinary accidents) than himself, or any of his progenitors, had ever had before; having no servant of the house of commons, of interest, ability, and reputation, and of faithfulness and affection to his service: sir Thomas Jermyn, who was very honest to him, and of good abilities, through his indisposition of health, and trouble of mind for his son's misfortune, having left the house, and the court, and being retired into the country; and sir Harry Vane (who was the other only privy-counsellor) having committed those faults to the king, he knew could not be forgiven; and those faults to the country, could not be forgotten; gave himself entirely to the disposition of his new masters: Notwithstanding all these contrivances to lessen and Mr. Saint-John, who at the beginning was the reputation of the court, (to which many other made his solicitor general, [and] thereby had particulars contributed, which will be touched obliged himself, by a particular oath, "to defend upon,) the city of London made great prepara"his majesty's rights, and in no case to be of tions to receive the king. Gourney, the lord "counsel, or give advice, to the prejudice of the mayor, was a man of wisdom and courage, and "king, and the crown;" was the chief instru- who expressed great indignation, to see the city ment to devise and contrive all the propositions so corrupted, by the ill artifices of factious perand acts of undutifulness towards him. So that, sons; and therefore attended upon his majesty, at whilst these men, and their consorts, with the his entrance into the city, with all the lustre and greatest deliberation, consulted, and disposed good countenance it could shew; and as great themselves to compass confusion; they, who out professions of duty as it could make, or the king of the most abstracted sense of loyalty to the king, expect. And on Thursday, the five and twentieth and duty to their country, severed from any rela- of November, the king entered into London; where tions to the king, or hopes from the court, pre- he was received with the greatest acclamations of served their own innocence, and endeavoured to joy, that had been known upon any occasion; and uphold the good old frame of government, re- after a most magnificent entertainment, by sir ceived neither countenance nor conduct from Richard Gourney, lord mayor, at the guildhall; those who were naturally to have taken care of where the king, queen, prince, and the whole that province. And sure the raging and fanatic court of lords and ladies, were feasted; he was distempers of the house of commons (to which all attended by the whole city to Whitehall, where other distempers are to be imputed) must most he lodged that night; when the earl of Essex properly be attributed to the want of good minis- resigned his commission of general on this side ters of the crown in that assembly, who being un-Trent; which had been granted for the security awed by any guilt of their own, could have of the kingdom, at his majesty's going into the watched other men's; and informed, encouraged, north. and governed those, who stood well inclined to the public peace.

To which purpose, if that stratagem (though none of the best) of winning men by places, had been practised, as soon as the resolution was taken at York to call a parliament, (in which, it was apparent, dangerous attempts would be made; and that the court could not be able to resist those

The next day, the king went to Hampton-court; and as soon as he came thither, took away the seals from sir Henry Vane, (having before taken his staff of treasurer of the [household] from him, and conferred it upon the lord Savile, in lieu of the presidentship of the north; which he should have had, if both houses had not declared that commission to be illegal;) then he appointed the guards

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