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of our commerce, find an equitable reciprocity. To the rest, let us only offer death and battles.

"At the same time that we are occupied with these thoughts, let us never forget that the safety of a free people is best maintained by arms. If cultivation employs a part of our fellow-citizens, let us remember that we are all soldiers, and that it is warlike nations alone who have been able to preserve their liberty. Let us call to mind that a handful of Greeks, devoted to their country, confounded the rage of a million of barbarians, who endeavoured to wrest from them their liberty. Let us swear to imitate their example; let us swear to observe our sacred constitution, and to cause it to be observed, and to perish sooner than allow it to be violated in the smallest degree."

Published at the head-quarters at the Cape, February 17, 1807.

HENRY CHRISTOPHE, 86 President. "ROUANEZ, Secretary of State."

His Majesty's Speech (delivered by Commission) on the Meeting of the New Parliament.

"My Lords and Gentlemen, "We have it in command from his majesty to state to you, that, having deemed it expedient to recur to the sense of his people, his majesty, in conformity to his declared intention, has lost no time in causing the present parliament to be assembled.

"His majesty has great satisfaction in acquainting you, that since the events which led to the dissolution of the last parliament, his majesty has received, in numerous ad

dresses from his subjects, the warmest assurances of their affectionate attachment to his person and government, and of their firm resolution to support him, in maintaining the just rights of his crown, and the true principles of the constitution; and he commands us to express his entire confidence, that he shall experience in all your deliberations a determination to afford him an equally loyal, zealous, and affectionate support under all the arduous circumstances of the present time.

"We are commanded by his majesty to inform you, that his majesty's endeavours have been most anxiously employed for the purpose of drawing closer the ties by which his majesty is connected with the powers of the continent; of assisting the efforts of those powers against the ambition and oppressions of France; of forming such engagements as may ensure their continued co-operation; and of establishing that mutual confidence and concert, so essential, under any course of events, to the restoration of a solid and permanent peace in Europe.

"It would have afforded his majesty the greatest pleasure, to háve been enabled to inform you, that the mediation undertaken by his majesty for the purpose of preserving peace between his majesty's ally, the emperor of Russia, and the Sublime Porte had proved effectual for that important object; his majesty deeply regrets the failure of that mediation, accompanied as it was by the disappointment of the efforts of his majesty's squadron in the sea of Marmora, and followed as it has since been by the losses which have been sustained by his gallant troops in Egypt.

His majesty could not but laZz3

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ment the extension of hostilities in any quarter which should create a diversion in the war, so favourable to the views of France; but lamenting it especially in the instance of a power with which his majesty has been so closely connected, and which has been so recently indebted for its protection against the encroachments of France, to the signal and successful interposition of his majesty's

arms.

"His majesty has directed us to acquaint you that he has thought it right to adopt such measures as might best enable him, in concert with the emperor of Russia, to take advantage of any favourable opportunity for bringing the hostilities in which they are engaged against the Sublime Porte to a conclusion, consistent with his majesty's honour, and the interests of his ally.

"Gentlemen of the House of

Commons,

"His majesty has ordered the estimates for the current year to be laid before you; and he relies on the tried loyalty and zeal of his faithful commons to make such provision for the public service, as well as for the further application of the sums which were granted in the last parliament, as may appear to be necessaryAnd his majesty, bearing constantly in mind the necessity of a careful and economical administration of the pecuniary resources of the country, has directed us to express his hopes that you will proceed, without delay, in the pursuit of those inquiries connected with the public economy, which engaged the attention of the last parliament.

"My Lords and Gentlemen, "His majesty commands us to state to you, that he is deeply im pressed with the peculiar impor

tance, at the present moment, of cherishing a spirit of union and harmony amongst his people; such a spirit will most effectually promote the prosperity of the country at home, will give vigour and efficacy to its councils and its arms abroad, and can alone enable his majesty, under the blessing of Providence, to carry on successfully the great contest in which he is engaged, or finally to conduct it to that termination which his majesty's moderation and justice have ever led him to seek—a peace in which the honour and interests of his kingdom can be secure, and in which Europe and the world may hope for independence and repose."

Circular Note from the Court of Vienna to the Belligerent Powers.

"The emperor Francis I. could not see, without the greatest regret, the revival of war last autumn, between his majesty the emperor of the French and king of Italy, and his majesty the king of Prussia; and he was soon after more deeply affected, to see hostilities extend, and fall upon a great part of Europe. If, guided by a principle of strict and rigorous impartiality from the first, his imperial, royal, and apostolic majesty has had the good fortune to maintain in these stormy periods his system of neutrality, and to preserve his people from the misfortunes of war, be has not the less lamented the calamities which were multiplied around his dominions; and in his just fear for the tranquillity and security of his kingdom, he could not conceal from himself, either the perpetually recurring alarms on his frontiers, or the sinister effects experi

enced

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enced by several branches of its him to conceal, his imperial majesty internal administration.

The em

feels it to be his duty to communiperor, invariably animated by the cate this pacific overture to those same dispositions, had no other views cabinets who are to take a part in from the commencement, and dur- the conferences; and, in conseing the course of hostilities, than to quence, he bastens equally to invite labour to bring about a reconcilia- the courts of St. Petersburg, Lontion, and to avail himself of every don, and the Thuilleries, to adopt favourable opportunity to put an end the same views of conciliation, and to the misfortunes of war.

to enter into negociations for peace, ceived that the best mode of attain- in which the most important coning the salutary object was, constantly cerns of all the parties interested to impress upon the belligerent may be combined as far as it is pospowers, his sentiments of modera. Şible. tion and conciliation, and studiously The emperor has expressed his to endeavour to excite in them a cor- earnest wish to see peace re-estaresponding disposition.

blished. He will not allow himself "The confidence which a prospect to suggest the particular form of the so consoling inspires, the general wel- negociations, still less to anticipate fare and the interests of his own the intentions of other powers, or to states, make it the duty of his ma- express any opinion respecting the jesty to present to the belligerent preliminaries which it may be necespowers his friendly interposition; sary to lay down, in order to esta, and, in consequence, he does not blish the principles of the first aphesitate to communicate to

proximation between the belligethe offer of his mediation and good rents. offices,

“ His imperial majesty, notwith“ But, considering the extended standing, in the hope that the friendly and complicated nature of the pre- offer of his interposition will be resent war, the emperor would feel garded in the manner that the rectithat he had but imperfectly express- tude of his intentions inclines hiin to ed his ardent wishes for peace, and think it will, hastens to propose, for his hopes of its speedy and complete the purpose of facilitating by luis inre-establishment, if he did not de- terposition the opening of the neclare, at the same time, his firm gociations, such place in his domiconviction, that it can be only by nions as, from its situation and locathe united attention of all the powers lity, may be convenient to all parties, concerned in the war, and by a ge- and which, on this account, should neral negociation which should com- not be too contiguous to the theatre prehend their respective interests, of war; and in this, as well as in all that permanent tranquillity, and other points, the emperor will feel such a solid and durable peace as the greatest pleasure in contributing may, for the future, confirm the to accelerate the period of so depolitical relations of Europe, can be sirable an union. established. From this strong im- Vienna, April 3, 1907." pression, which the frankness of his majesty's character will not allow

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Answer of the Court of France.

"The undersigned minister for fo

ments in the name of his august sovereign, renews to his excellency, general baron de Vincent, the as

(Signed)

reign affairs, has lost no time in lay-surances of his most high considering before his majesty the emperor ation. and king, the note which his excellency general baron de Vincent, did him the honour of addressing to him on the 7th of this month.

"His majesty the emperor Napoleon accepts, for himself and his allies, the friendly interposition of his majesty the emperor of Austria, to effect the re-establishment of peace, so necessary to all nations.

"His majesty has only one fear; it is, that the Power who hitherto seems to have laid it down as a plan, to found its elevation and greatness upon the divisions of the continent, will endeavour to extract from the congress which may be formed, new subjects of irritation, and new pretexts for disagreement. However, a mode which holds out a hope of stopping the further effusion of blood, and of affording consolation to the bosoms of so many families, ought not to be rejected, by France, who, as all Europe knows, was forced against her inclination into the pre

sent war. !

"His majesty the emperor Napoleon finds moreover, in this circumstance, a favourable opportunity of strongly expressing the confidence with which his majesty the emperor of Austria has inspired him, and the desire he has to see those connections re-established between the two nations, which in other times produced their mutual prosperity, and which, at this day, could more than any thing else consolidate their tranquillity and happiness.

"The undersigned, happy in the opportunity of expressing these senti

"C. M. TALLEYRAND, "Prince of Benevento. "Warsaw, April 19, 1807."

Treaty of Peace and Amity between His Britannic Majesty and the King of Prussia. Signed at Memel, January 28, 1807.

His majesty the king of the united kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and his majesty the king of Prussia, being equally desirous to terminate in an amicable manner, and to settle by a formal treaty, the differences which have for a short time. interrupted the relations of union and good understanding which had so long subsisted between them; their said majesties have nominated as their plenipotentiaries to be employed in this important undertaking, namely, on the part of his Britannic majesty, the right honourable J. Hely Baron Hutchinson, a general of his army, and knight of the most honour. able military order of the Bath; and on the part of his Prussian majesty, the sieur Frederic William de Zastrow, his minister of state and cabinet, major general of his armies, and knight of the orders of the RedEagle and of Merit, who, after having communicated and exchanged their respective full powers, and found them in due form, have agreed upon the following articles:--

"Art. I. There shall be between their Britannic and Prussian majesties, their heirs and successors, their kingdoms, provinces, and subjects, perpetual

perpetual and inviolable peace, sin- any Prussian vessels which they may cere union, and perfect friendship; to meet at sea, provided their cargoes the end that the temporary misunder- be innocent and not prohibited by standing which has recently taken the laws of war, and that they be place, shall, from the present moment, not bound to ports belonging to the be regarded as entirely at an end, and enemies of Great Britain, or occcushall be buried in eternal oblivion. pied by them, the said order shall

“ II. The accommodation and continue to be observed, and to have the reconciliation between the two effect in its full force and extent. courts having for their basis the re- “ IV. And in pursuance of the nunciation, on the part of his Prus- above determination, his Britannic sian majesty, of the country of Han- majesty promises and engages to over, his said majesty relinquishes issue to bis admiralty, without delay, all right and title whatsoever to the the necessary orders that the meractual and future possession of the chant vessels which, by the proclaElectoral territories of his Britannic mation of the 24th of September, majesty, and renounces, at the same 1806, were subject to provisionary time, all the pretensions which he detentions, shall be released and rehad advanced to thase states, And stored to their proprietors, with perin case the events of the war should fect liberty either to continue their bring about the re-occupation of the voyages, if their place of destinaelectorate of Hanover by the Prus- tion be not probibited, or otherwise sian armies, his majesty the king of to return to their own country. Prussia engages not to take posses- “ V. The crews of all the Prussion of the electorate but in the sian vessels brought into British ports name of bis Britannic majesty, and since the publication of the letters of immediately to re-establish the an- marque, shall be set at liberty imcient form of civil governnient and mediately after the conclusion of the the ancient constituted authorities of present treaty; and the British goliis Britannic majesty; which autho- vernment shall cause them to return, rities shall be formerly invested with in the most direct and expeditious the entire administration of affairs, manner, into the dominions of his in the name, and for the advantage, ' Prussian majesty, to whatever place of their legitimate sovereign, shall be hereafter agreed upon.

“JII. The freedom of navigation “ VI. His majesty the king of and commerce shall be restored to Prussia engages not to impede, nor the subjects of his Prussian majesty, to allow any other power to impede, as it formerly was in time of peace, the free navigation of his Britannic and on the same footing as it was be- majesty in any of the ports of his fore the period of the late exclusion dominions; but, on the contrary, to of the British flag from the rivers afford full liberty to the English flag Ems, Weser, and Elbe; and his said to enter into and to proceed from Britannic majesty having with this view the above mentioned ports in the already issued an order, bearing date same manner, as before the late the 19th November, 1806, to all closing of the Ems, Weser, and Elbe. officers commanding his ships of war, " VII. The two high contracting as well as to all privateers, not fur- parties mutually promise and engage ther to molest, detain, or bring in to invite his majesty the emperor of

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