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sharp visages, indicative of both intelligence and want. I was at pains to inquire into the diet of these poor people." Breakfast, meal and bree, that is water-gruel, not the sub stantial porridge of the Lowlanders.

“Dinner, meal and bree kail, or a kind of soup meagre, in which there is boiled, perhaps, some barley or grits, with some kail, and a scanty allowance of barley-cakes. Supper, meal and bree: or, in place of this, sowens, a kind of frumarty, made from the husks of grits, or oatmeal. On Sundays, or other festivals, they have, after their meal and bree, some milk, or perhaps two eggs. If any farmer is reported to eat flesh; the laird considers this as a fraud on him. I must look sharp after this man: he has his farm too cheap. They tell me he eats flesh-meat.

"It is a common thing for labourers, or farmers' servants, to stipulate with their masters, that, besides their meal and bree, or soup meagre for dinner, they shall have a certain number of stocks of kail to be eaten with bread and salt. This must appear to an Englishman wholly incredible; as being altogether insufficient to keep soul and body together. Nevertheless, there is nothing more

certain, and I dare to appeal for the truth of it to any one acquainted with Caithness.”

Mr. H. leaving Cape Wrath, 20 immense rock, but not quite so stupendous-as the Red-bead in Angus, went back to Thurso; and from thence crossing the Pentland Frith to the Orkneys, and took up his bead quarters at the house of his old acquaintance, the Rev. Mr. Allison, minister of St. Andrews, and Deerness. He did not go to the Shetlands, but an account of the present state of these islands, was communicated to him by a minister of a parish there; which, indeed, forms the most interesting and valuable part of his publication. Leaving the Orkneys, he set sail to the Hebrides; where he found a class of mortals called Scollags, a kind of prædial slaves, in a condition still more wretched than that of the labouring class of people in Caithness. From the Hebrides he set sail for Fort William. From thence he went to Inverary, and from Inverary by Lochlomond and Dunbarton to Glasgow. From Glasgow he went up the course or valley of the Clyde, as far as Lanark, and from thence returned to Edinburgh.

CONTENTS.

CONTENTS.

HISTORY OF EUROPE.

CHAP. I.

1

General Aspect of Europe.-Resources of the opposite Belligerent Powers-and Views.--Fragility of Confederations.-General Maxims and Measures of Buonaparte.-Position and Strength of the French and Russian Armies.-Military Force remaining to the King of Prussia after the Battles of Jena and Pultusk.--The general Plans of the opposite Armies.--Battles of Mohringen-Bergfried -- Deppen -Hoff-and Eylau. Retreat of the French on the listula-and of the Russians behind the Pregel.

CHA P. II.

in

Relative Positions in which the French and Russian Armies were placed after the Battle of Eylau.-Pacific Overtures by BuonaparteRejected.-Artifices of Buonaparte.-The Russians persevere their System of acting on the offensive.-Battle of Ostrolenka.— Skirmishes.-Triumphant Proclamation, or Address of Buonaparte to his Army-Positions of the French Army in their Winter Quarters.-Bridges and Têtes-du-Pont on the Vistula.-Continued Skirmishes.-The most important of these.-Artillery taken from the Enemy by the French since their Arrival_on_the_Vistula.— Progress of the Allies of the French, under Jerome Buonaparte, in the reduction of Silesia.-Siege of Dantzig-Disposition of the grand French Army for protecting the besieging Army.-Dantzig defended by Nature and by Art.--Arrival of the Russian Emperor at Memel-Followed by that of the Archduke Constantine with a Reinforcement to the Russian Army.-Grand Council of War concerning the Relief of Dantzig.-Of two Plans, that which was adopted.-Prussian Force sent for the Relief of Dantzig, defeated.Attacks of the Russians on the whole Line of the French-Intended to prevent them from reinforcing the Army besieging Dantzig.— Dantzig surrendered on Capitulation-Conditions of this.-State of VOL. XLIX. 3 X

the

CHAP. III.

CHA P. IV.

Mr.

CHAP. V.

The insatiable Ambition and insiduous Policy of France.-No Alternative

for Britain between Resistance and Submission.-The first Attentions

of the Legislature called to the State of the Army and Navy-

Ordnance Estimates moved in the House of Commons, by Mr. Caleraft.

-Resolutions moved thereon-agreed to.-Motions by Lord Castle-

reagh, for the Returns of the Effective State of our Military

Establishment-agreed to.-Army Estimates.-Number and Disposition

of the Volunteers.-Result of the Alteration that had been made in

the Recruiting System.-Observations by Lord Castlereagh on the

Statements that had been laid before the House by the Secretary at

WarReply to Lord Castlereagh, by Mr. Windham.-New System

for Recruiting the Army vindicated.-Strictures on that System

by Mr. Perceval.-Mr. Perceval answered, and the New System

defended by Lord Howick.-Remarks by Sir James Pulteney.—Speech

of Sir John Doyle.-Observations by Mr. Johnstone Mr Rose-

and Mr. Thornton.-The New System defended by Lord H. Petty-

The Resolutions agreed to.-Navy Estimates moved by Mr. Thomas

Grenville-New Arrangement proposed for a clear Statement of the

Naval Estimates in future.-Resolutions moved by Mr. Grenville,

agreed to. Sums for Miscellaneous Services moved by Mr. Vansittart-

among these a Sum in Addition to what had been granted before to

the Roman Catholic college at Maynooth-Which gives rise to anima-

ted conversations on this Subject:-The Speakers; Mr. Perceval-Mr.

Banks-Lord Stanley-Sir John Newport-Mr. Grattan-Lord

Mahon-Mr. Wilberforce-and Lord Howick.-All the Resolutions

moved by Mr. Vansittart, agreed to....

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CHAP. VII.

Motion, by Mr, Whitbread for Leare to bring in a Bill for encouraging
Industry and the Relief of the Poor.-Description of the Numbers
and actual Condition of the Necessitous Poor in England.-Ob-
servations on the New Systems of Poor's Law's proposed by Mr.
Malthus, and Mr. Arthur Young.-Principles on which Mr. Whit-
bread founded his Bill. The particular Measures proposed to
be adopted.-Prophetic Vision of the happy Effects that might be
expected to result from their Adoption.-Compliments paid to Mr.
Whitbread.-His Bill read a second time, and printed.-Sundry Ob-
servations on the Bill-Fate of the Bill-Motion by Lord Howick

for Leave to bring in a Bill for securing to all His Majesty's Sub-

jects the Privilege of serving in the Army and Navy-objected to by

Mr. Perceval-The motion agreed to, and the Bill read a first time,

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