Photo No. 24: This was hamming it up a bit. One week during Engineer's Week we invited the Kiwanians and Rotarians out and served them lunch right on the face of the active fill and over to the left center of the picture you can see the refuse being buried and there were no flies or odors. Everything was controlled very nicely. The men were quite thrilled with it and went back and told their neighbors and the city all about it.

Photo No. 25: In another area where the park was going to be a long time in developing, and this is right over the major highway, and we put in a roadside rest. This was done immediately upon acquisition of the property, again to convince the people of our good intentions.

Photo No. 26: A very brief sequence of what can be done in the way of helping private citizens with solid wastes. There were three homes damaged through landslides 1 mile away from one of our largest disposal operations.

Photo No. 27: The area just to the right of that corrugated pipe leading down from the side of the hill. The rest of the people up in the ridge line that haven't suffered landslides were very badly frightened because they could see things happening to themselves and they got an engineering estimate of about $80,000 to put solid fill in there, earth, to buttress the slopes by building up the canyon and this was prohibitive. They couldn't afford this cost. So the city manager of this small city and I got our heads together and acquired the fill and entry permits from each homeowner. We never acquired the property titles. We simply got the right to go in and fill on their premises.

Photo No. 28: So we commenced in the bottom of the canyon with just solid debris, concrete rubble and things of this sort for stability and we started dumping every-day household refuse.

Photo No. 29: We did ask the citizens to supply the money for the corrugated pipe and we installed it. We felt they should make some contribution and this ran about $200 per lot, their share of the cost of buying this drainage pipe.

Photo No. 30: You are looking up the same canyon. It is now filled with compacted refuse.

Photo No. 31: On the surface where there used to be steep nonexisting backyards, they were useless because they were such steep slopes, you couldn't grow anything or use them for any purpose, really. Now, because of the filled area, horse corrals, riding trails have been developed and these people have been quite excited to find that their lots are suddenly about three times bigger than they were originally in terms of usable area and the actual dollar value of their land has been substantially increased.

Senator TYDINGS. I gather, Mr. Bowerman, from the thrust of your testimony, that just as important in the planning of the operation of a land fill as the disposal of waste, is the planning on what the site is going to be used for when it is completed. Is that right?

Mr. BOWERMAN. Yes, sir. I might even say it a little bit stronger than that. I feel that unless a very careful plan is formulated for the use of the site, that the citizens' protest may very well defeat your entire plan. So I think the key to success rests with the presentation of a carefully planned and well-executed operation so that the citizens

know that you are not going in and doing something that will deteriorate and degrade your property, but will actually be a park area and enhancement to their community.

Senator TYDINGS. In other words, if a land-fill operation is handled correctly, it is not just enough for an official to either buy or acquire such and such a site of land and go and just pile refuse and dirt on it. The only proper way to do it is to plan what the entire use of the area is going to be when it is completed and how the completed site will enhance the value of the community and the esthetic value of the entire community. Just taking a plot of land and dumping dirt on it, leaving it there is as anachronistic as bows and arrows, really.

Mr. BOWERMAN. Yes, sir; and I think probably one of the most difficult aspects is to overcome the existing resistance of people when there are no clear-cut demonstrations available to them of how well it can be done.

Senator TYDINGS. You have been here in Washington for a number of days now with the Public Health Service and at our request. Have you had occasion to evaluate the proposals of the District of Columbia to use Muirkirk as a land fill?

Mr. BOWERMAN. Yes, sir; I have visited the Muirkirk site and I have read Mr. Orndorff's report.

Senator TYDINGS. What is your expert comment on at least the amount of plans that have been revealed to date about the use by the District of Columbia of Muirkirk as a land fill?

Mr. BOWERMAN. I believe that the Muirkirk site is within reasonable haul distance by use of transfer. I feel that there may be other sites closer which have substantial value and which could actually be im