two joint lives, aged 25 and 55, in which the difference of age is 30 years. In the Carlisle Table opposite to 25, the younger, and under 30, We should strongly recommend every one not the difference, we find 10.3; and 8.8 in the to venture on important transactions without proNorthampton. For the value of an annuity of fessional or other advice on which he can depend,

Anodynes appear to be productive of benefit in two ways: first, by rendering the nerves of the We have seen that the security of the method part less sensible; and, secondly, by diminishing for estimating the value of life annuities depends the violence with which the large vessels propel upon the presumption that the average mortality the blood, when the anodynes are given in suffiof the buyers is known. This average cannot be cient quantity to influence the brain, and through expected to hold good, unless a large number of it, by a process extremely complex, which we lives be taken. Therefore, the granting of a need not explain here, the contractile power of single annuity, or of a few annuities, as a com- the heart and arteries. As most of the articles mercial speculation, would deserve no other name termed anodynes have a powerful influence over than gambling, even though the price demanded the brain, they generally produce sleep, if given

in a large dose: hence they are also denominated | which the children place near its haunt, alluring hypnotics; and from causing insensibility, they are also denominated narcotics. The knowledge of their possessing this power should lead us to observe great caution in their administration, lest by an over-dose we should produce a fatal coma, or very profound sleep, from which the patient might never be roused.

The substances which are used as anodynes are, with one exception, derived from the vegetable kingdom, and are further treated of under the names of the plants which produce them. They are Opium [PAPAVER]; Henbane [HYOSCYAMUS]; Woody Nightshade [SOLANUM DULCAMARA Deadly Nightshade [ATROPA BELLADONNA] PRUSSIC ACID, and CARBONIC ACID GAS.

Anolis velifer.

it from its concealment by imitating its low but shrill chirping. In this species, the body of which is a foot in length, a denticulated crest supported by bony processes runs down the centre of the back and the basal half of the tail.

Another species, the white scarfed anolis (A. equestris), inhabiting the Antilles, and equal in size to the great crested anolis, is remarkable for a white throat, and a white band passing over each shoulder and running halfway down each side.

ANOMALI'NA (D'Orb.), one of the many genera of FORAMINIFERA (FOSSIL) which occur in tertiary strata.

ANOMALISTIC YEAR, the interval which elapses between two successive times when the earth is at the least distance from the sun. The anomalistic year is 25 minutes longer than the tropical year, being 365 days, 6 hours, 13 minutes, 45 seconds.

A'NOLIS, a genus of lizards, belonging to the Iguanian family. (See Dumeril and Bibron's work on Reptiles, vol. iv. p. 85.) In this genus the toes are dilated under the last joint but one, in the form of an oval disc, beset with imbricated scaly lamella: the skin under the throat is capable of being greatly dilated and puffed out, but when not so it hangs like a dewlap. There are two rows of teeth in the palate; no pores are placed on the thighs. The lizards of the genus Of the genus Anolis M. Bibron describes anolis are peculiar to America and the adjacent twenty-five distinct species. Their food consists of islands; where they appear to take in some mea- insects, which they pursue with great eagerness sure the place of the geckos, the structure of their and rapidity. Cuvier, however, found berries in toes enabling them, if not to traverse a smooth the stomach of the great crested anolis. They do wall or ceiling, at all events to climb with great not appear to be at all aquatic, like the Iguana, facility, as the pad beneath each toe is so constituted which often takes to the water, and swims well. as to act like a sucker, and thus secure the animals more firmly as they make their way along branches of trees, or over stones; the toes, moreover, are long, and furnished with sharp hooked claws. In some species both the back and tail present a longitudinal ridge, or notched crest-in some the tail does not exhibit this character. These reptiles are slender, active, and for the most part of small size;-they frequent woods and rocky places, running, climbing, or leaping with ANOMALY (in Astronomy), a term derived singular address and celerity; so rapid indeed are from the Greek avados (anómalos), unequal or their movements, that they have been compared irregular, and applied in astronomy to the angle to those of birds flitting from branch to branch. through which the radius drawn from a planet to When tired by their exertions they stop, open the sun, has moved with the planet from the time their mouths, and pant like a dog. They are when the planet was at its least distance from the timid and harmless, and when under the influence sun. The term was applied to this angle, as being of fear, or when otherwise excited, they dilate the the angle whose irregularities were first observed; dewlap to a vast extent, and at the same time as- though it must be confessed that this is not a sume a succession of ever-varying hues, the tints happy specimen of mathematical nomenclature. of the skin generally, but especially of the throat, changing with greater rapidity than in the chameleon. The dewlap of the anolis bullaris of the ANONA'CEE, a natural order of plants conWest India Islands is, when dilated, of a bright sisting of tropical or subtropical trees and bushes, cherry red. Mr. Schomburgk says, relative to this which usually abound in a powerful aromatic secrespecies, they are often caught by boys, who take tion, which renders the flowers of some highly advantage of their fondness for musical sounds, fragrant, the leaves of others a grateful perfume, arresting their attention, and then throwing a lit- and the dried fruits of many so highly aromatic tle noose over their head,' as they perch listening as to vie with the spices of commerce. Among on the branches. (Linn. Trans.,' vol. xvii. p. 560.) these last is the Ethiopian pepper of the shops, It has been remarked of the great crested anolis which is yielded by the fruit of Uvaria aroma(A.selifer) of the same islands, that though timid tica. Of others of this order, the fruit is succuand very restless, it is very curious, peeping from lent and abounds in a delicate juice, which renthe boughs as if to watch what was going on; and ders it a pleasant article of food: under the name so intent is it as to allow itself to be caught by of sour sop, sweet sop, and custard-apple, many means of a noose. It will also run into snares, kinds are cultivated in the West Indies and

ANOMO PTERIS (Brongniart), a fossil genus of Ferns, found in the bunter sandstein of Sulzbad.

South America. Finally, the bark of some sepa- | are described by Cuvier, one (4. commune) about rates readily into fibres which make excellent the size of the ass; the other (A. secundarium) as cordage.

large as a moderate-sized hog. These animals were low on the limbs, and were furnished with a long tail compressed horizontally at the base. It is surmised that they were, like the hippopotamus, aquatic in their habits, frequenting lakes and marshes, and feeding upon such vegetables as grow in humid localities. The flattened form of the tail indicates great powers of swimming and diving. There is a third or supernumerary hoof on the fore feet.

2. Ziphodon.-No additional false hoof. Inferior molars tuberculous. Cuvier describes a single species (A. gracile), of light and slender contour, like the gazelle; of small size, and furnished with a short tail. Its habits were probably analogous to those of some of the antelopes; it was. fleet and active.

3. An additional false hoof both on the fore and hind feet. Cuvier describes three speciesA. leporinum, about the size of a hare; and A. murinum and A. obliquum, not exceeding a guinea-pig. They have much of the form, and had probably much of the habits, of the little musk deer, or chevrotain, of Ceylon, Java, &c.

ANORTHITE, a doubly-oblique prismatic crystal, white, translucent, and of vitreous lustre. It consists of-Silica, 44-9; alumina, 34-46; lime, 15.68; magnesia, 5-25; oxide of iron, 0-74.

ANOPLOTHE'RIUM (from av, privative, orλov, a weapon, and eng, a wild beast; that is, a ANQUETIL DU PERRON, ABRAHAM beast without tusks or offensive arms), an extinct HYACINTHE, was born at Paris, December 7, genus of Pachydermatous Mammalia, described by 1731. He dedicated himself to the study of the Cuvier, and of which the fossil remains mixed literature of the East, especially the Arabian and with those of the Palæotherium occur in the Persian; and he made use of the ample stores of gypsum quarries near Paris, and also, though more oriental learning collected in the Bibliothèque du rarely, in the neighbourhood of Orleans and Genoa. Roi in Paris. A French army being fitted out for These anoplotheria differ from all known India, Anquetil resolved to avail himself of this Pachydermata, whether living or extinct, in the opportunity to visit India, and enrolled himself as characters of their dentition. The teeth consist a private soldier in 1754. It was only after his of six incisors in each jaw, two canines and four- departure that his friends obtained for him a teen molars, reckoning both sides together; and small pension (500 livres) from the French these are arranged in a continuous and uninter- government, to assist him in the pursuit of his rupted series, without any vacancy between the inquiries. He remained in India seven years, incisors and the canines, or between the latter but the progress of the British power induced and the molars. The canines resemble the in- bim to return to France in 1762. The Abbé cisors in form, and might be mistaken for them: Barthélémy procured him an appointment in the the four posterior molars are like those of the Bibliothèque du Roi, and in 1763 he was elected rhinoceros. The feet are cloven, as in the deer a member of the Académie des Belles-Lettres. or ox, and each toe was sheathed in a hoof. In Ruminants the metacarpal and metatarsal bones are blended into a single canon bone; but in the fossil remains in question, though the feet are cloven, these bones are separated into two, and therefore do not form canon bones. It would appear that the anoplotheria, though perhaps strictly within the pale of the Pachydermata, were in many points allied to the Ruminantia, and may be regarded as constituting a link between those orders. Their heads, judging from the skull, partook of the form of that of the horse and of the camel; the snout was not elongated, neither was there any proboscis. The anoplotheria are divided into three subgenera on various minor details of struc

From this time Anquetil devoted himself entirely to literary labours. In 1771 he published his principal work, a translation into French of the Zend Avesta,' or the sacred writings of the Guebres, attributed by them to Zoroaster. He died January 15, 1805.

ANQUETIL DU PERRON, LOUIS PIERRE, the elder brother of the oriental scholar, was born in 1723, and died in 1808. He is the author of a considerable number of historical works, of which, however, only one or two are now held in much esteem.

ANSBACH, ANSPACH, or ONOLZBACH, formed a portion of the old principality of AnsbachBaireuth, in the southern part of Franconia, but it is at present merged in the circle of REZAT, in Bavaria.

An

ANSBACH, formerly ONOLZBACH, the ca- throne, he was crowned by another prelate. The pital of the extinct principality of that name, archbishop was received in England with extraand now the capital of the circle of the Rezat, ordinary respect both by the king and people, but in Bavaria, lies in a fertile and richly-cultivated refusing to be re-invested by the king, and to do the valley, traversed by the river Rezat, and is built same homage as his predecessors, he again fell unround the confluence of that river with the Holz-der the displeasure of the court; this continued for bach, 48° 12′ N. lat., 10° 33′ E. long., 30 miles a long time, notwithstanding which he promoted S.W. of Nürnberg. The town is embellished the marriage of Henry with Matilda, eldest daughwith handsome squares, and is well and regularly ter of Malcolm, king of Scotland, though she was built. The palace of the former Margraves of reported to be a nun, and afforded him assistance Ansbach is now a picture gallery and library, and in other affairs. In 1102 another national its grounds are kept in repair for the recreation synod was held under Anselm, at St. Peter's, of the townsfolk. Ansbach is the seat of a court Westminster, which was attended by the king of justice and court of appeal, as well as of an and principal nobility. In the year following, at evangelical consistory; it contains also one of the request of the king and barons, Anselm himself the 18 royal gymnasia, or high schools, schools took a voyage to Rome, to arrange, if possible, of design and music, and a society of arts and an accommodation, but the king, at the same manufactures. The principal manufactures of time, from distrust, despatched an agent of his the place are earthenware, tobacco, linens, cot-own to the papal court, who arrived before the tons, woollens, and white-lead: the population is archbishop. The pope still continued inexorable; 11,420. but wrote a ceremonious letter to the king, proANSELM, archbishop of Canterbury in the mising compliance in other matters, if the king reigns of William Rufus and Henry I., commonly would but wave the matter of investiture. called St. Anselm, was by birth an Italian, and a selm, in chagrin, again took up his residence at native of Aosta, in Italy. He took the monastic Lyon; while a fresh embassy to Rome from the habit in 1060, at the age of twenty-seven, at Bec king was still more unsuccessful than the former, in Normandy, where Lanfranc, afterwards Arch- the pope levelling the heaviest censures of the bishop of Canterbury, was prior. Three years after-church against different persons of the English wards, when Lanfranc was promoted to the abbacy court who had dissuaded the king from parting of Caen, Anselm succeeded him as prior of Bec, with the investitures. Anselm now removed and when Herluin, the abbot of that monastery, from Lyon to the court of Adela, countess of died, Anselm became abbot of the house. Anselm Blois, the king's sister, who, during a visit which came to England about A.D. 1092, by the invita- Henry I. made to Normandy, contrived an intertion of Hugh Lupus, earl of Chester. Soon after view between him and Anselm, July 22, 1105, his arrival, William Rufus nominated him (though at the Castle of l'Aigle, when the king restored to with great difficulty of acceptance on Anselm's him the revenues of the archbishopric, but refused part) to the see of Canterbury, which had lain permission for Anselm to return to England unless vacant from Lanfranc's death in 1089. Anselm, he would admit the king's right of investiture. having first stipulated for the restitution of the Anselm, still refusing, remained in France, and repossessions of the see as they had stood in his tired to the abbey of Bec; and though the English predecessor's time, was consecrated with great bishops, who till then had sided with the king, solemnity, December the 4th, 1093. In the fol- now changed their minds, and pressed Anselm to lowing year a quarrel arose between Anselm and return, he refused. At length the pope adopted the king, in consequence of the determination of a middle course, refusing to give up the investithe archbishop to proceed to Rome to receive the tures, but agreeing to dispense with them so far pall investiture. The king refused to give him as to give leave to bishops and abbots to do holeave to go, but Anselm persisted, and as soon as mage to the king for their temporalities. This the king had ascertained that Anselm had crossed was in 1106. The king now invited Anselm to the channel, he seized upon the archbishopric, England, but the messenger finding him sick, the and made every act of Anselm's administration king himself went over into Normandy, and paid void. The archbishop got safe to Rome, and was him a visit at Bec, where all their differences honourably received by the pope, whom he after-were adjusted. Anselm, having recovered, emwards accompanied to Capua. Here he wrote a barked for England, and, landing at Dover, was book upon our Saviour's incarnation; subsequent received with extraordinary marks of welcome. to which he assisted the pope at the synod or From this time, little that is remarkable occurred council of Bari, where he prevented Urban from in the life of Anselm, excepting a dispute with excommunicating the King of England for his Thomas, elected Archbishop of York in 1108, various and frequent outrages upon religion. The king, however, by presents and promises, finally bribed the court of Rome to desert Anselm, who retired to Lyon, where (with the interval of an attendance at a council at Rome in 1099) he continned to reside till he heard of William Rufus's death, with that of Pope Urban shortly afterwards. The works of Archbishop Anselm were pubHenry I., immediately upon his accession, invited lished first at Nürnberg, folio, 1491; at Cologne Anselm to return to England, but fearing his in 1573, and 1612; at Lyon in 1630; by Father brother Robert's arrival as a competitor for the Gerberon, at Paris, in 1675, reprinted in 1721;

who, wishing to disengage himself from dependency upon the see of Canterbury, refused to make the customary profession of canonical obedience. Before the termination of this dispute Anselm died at Canterbury, April 21, 1109, in the seventy-sixth year of his age.

and again at Venice, 1744, in two volumes folio. | island of Tinian, one of the Ladrones, when, the In the library of Lyon there is a beautiful manu- health of the crew being in some degree recruited, script of his meditations and prayers. Some of Anson proceeded on his course to China; and his pieces in the Cologne edition of 1612, and the arrived at Macao, an island and town in the Bay Lyon edition of 1630, are thought to be supposi- of Canton, November 12, 1742. He remained titious.