1851.] Germany. GERMANY. 669 The number of works published, in the six months preceding the late Easter fair, according to the Leipsic catalogue, was 3684; number of works in press, 1136. It is gratifying to observe that the number of volumes, which relate to the "inner mission," the Sabbath, and other questions of an urgent practical nature, is increasing. Among the most recent works in biblical literature are the following: Commentary on the Book of Job by Lic. H. A. Hahn, pp. 342; Die Völkertafel der Genesis, or ethnographical investigations by Dr. Knobel, pp. 371; The prophet Isaiah explained by Prof. E. Meier, first half, pp. 320; Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans, second part, chs. 7-11, by Dr. F. A. Philippi, pp. 278; The Second Epistle of Paul to Timothy with a Commentary, in Latin, by Dr. G. E. Leo, pp. 135, (Comment. on First Epistle was published in 1837); Gospel of Mark, in its composition, position, origin and character, by Lic. Hilgenfeldt, pp. 141; Von Raumer's Palestine, third edition, much improved, pp. 492; The first three Gospels translated and explained by H. Ewald, pp. 388; Vol. II. of the second edition of Hengstenberg's Commentary on the Psalms, pp. 482; and second edition of Meyer's Commentary on the Second Epistle to the Corinthians. Of late works in other departments of oriental literature, we may name: History of the Israelites from the destruction of the first temple to the entrance of the Maccabee, Simon, on the highpriesthood, by L. Hersfeld; the nature and genius of the popular language of the Egyptians, by H. Brugsch; explanation of the Egyptian monuments in the museum at Berlin, by the same; Schwartze's Coptic Grammar, edited, after the author's death, by H. Steinthal; Movers's "Phoenician Antiquity," in three parts, Part 1, political history and administration, Part 2, history of the colonies, Part 3, not published; Indian Studies, a Journal for the knowledge of Indian Antiquity, edited by Dr. Albert Weber, teacher of Sanskrit in the University of Berlin; four Nos. published, 1 Th. 10 gr. each; and J. Fürst's Biblia Judaica. Of the classical publications, we name: the Dictionary of the Greek Language by C. Jacobitz and E. E. Seiler, in 2 vols. 8vo. pp. 1502 and 1792, price 7 1-3 Th.; the same abridged in 1 vol. for schools, pp. 1602, 4 1-2 Th., highly commended in the Leipsic Repertorium, Jan. 1851, p. 97; first half of the third part of K. F. Hermann's Manual of Greek Antiquities; Investigations on the documents inserted in the orations of the Attic orators, by A. Westermann; Plato's Works in 1 vol. ed. Stallbaum; March of the Ten Thousand, geographically explained by Prof. Koch of Leipsic; Part 2. of Weissenborn's edition of Livy; Works of Tacitus, ed. C. Halm, Part 1. containing the Annals. The first year of the "Deutsche Zeitschrift für Christliche Wissenschaft und Christliches Leben," established by Professors Julius Müller, Neander, and Nitzsch, is now completed. It is published weekly, or in monthly parts, in quarto form, with good paper and print, at five thaler a year, and forms a volume of 424 pages. Among the more important articles to American readers, is one on "The position and importance of the book of Job in the Old Testament, according to its didactic and dramatic character," by Hupfeld; on "Heathenism, Judaism, and Irvingism," by J. L. Jacobi; on "The doctrinal system, and the development, religious and theological, of the Scottish church," by Köstlin; on "The invisible church," and on the question "Whether the Son of God would have become incarnate, if the human race had remained without sin," by Julius Müller; on "The last half century, in its relation to the present;" the "Nature and importance of practical exegesis;" the "Relation of the Hellenistic to the Christian ethics," by Neander; and on the "Doctrine of inspiration," by Tholuck. The 2d Heft of the Theol. Stud. u. Krit., for 1851, contains the following Articles: Wherein consists the forgiveness of sins, by J. F. K. Gurlitt.— Rome and Cologne, or the development of the Christian-German Art, by B. Stark, private teacher in Jena, containing among other things a comparison of the Cathedral at Cologne, its structure and influences, with the Roman basilicas, much to the advantage of the former. On the importance of the Study of Christian Ethics at the present time, An Address delivered at the opening of his lectures in the university of Heidelberg, by Prof. Lic. Schoeberlein. A review of the 2d edition of Lücke's Introduction to the Apocalypse and the apocalyptic literature generally, by Tischendorf, the New Testament editor, containing many illustrations of the Apocalypse from the writer's studies in the apocryphal books. The last Article, filling about eighty pages, is a contribution towards a memorial of the life of Dr. Neander, by Dr. C. H. Kling, pastor in Ebersbach in Würtemberg. We translate a few biographical notices, which may be interesting to those who have read the Article on Neander in our last Number. "Dr. Neander was baptized on the 25th of February, 1806, at St. Catharine's, in the house of the pastor Bossau, who also performed the holy office. There were present as sponsors: John Gurlitt, Charles Augustus Varnhagen, and William Neumann. Mendel took in baptism the name: John Augustus Neander-evidently one Christian name from each of the three sponsors, and also the family surname from Neumann. "As it regards the other members of the family, the eldest brother, a doctor of medicine, born 1780, was baptized in the same year with Neander, on the 25th of June, under the name of Andrew Charles John Mendel, an excellent physician and highly esteemed because of his science, skill, and disposition. He lived unmarried and died with several other physicians, in the winter of the siege, of typhus fever, which at that time prevailed in the military hospitals. Neander writes respecting it to K. Mayer: "Terrible news came upon us at the close of last week, to show us how this life is only a dream, and how the waking and the being for which we long, is only in the next, or rather the first true life. My good, noble brother, in the fulness of health, has fallen a victim to his calling, a victim which God hath accepted. He died of a violent and quick-destroying nervous fever; I left him stronger than myself."-The second brother had been already baptized 1851.] Germany. 671 in 1804, and bore, as also did the sisters, the name Mendahl, a kind-hearted man, of easy and lively humor, and more inclined to the customary ways of the world, who at every opportunity expressed his deep veneration for his Augustus, for whom he only wished something more of the spirit of the world, or at least a power of helping himself in the world and of mingling with it. He was a long time a travelling merchant. The eldest sister, Henrietta, (Madame Scholtz) born 1777, was baptized on the 12th of September 1807; on the 22d of March, 1809, the middle one, Joanna, born 1782, his faithful housekeeper and nurse until his death; on the 7th of November of the same year, the youngest, Betty, born 1788, among whose sponsors he himself is mentioned, and who died of a disease of the mind. There is no record of the baptism of the mother. According to a trustworthy oral tradition she was baptized shortly before her son went to Heidelberg, and that too, as all the children, by Pastor Bossau, who also in 1816 baptized Emma von Wertheim, the daughter of Mrs. Scholtz by her first marriage." The following relates to the change in Neander's views: "Neander was deeply moved and restless, pondering his thoughts with himself, he travelled on in company with a relative to Hamburg. Here he met with Matthias Claudius, and the aged Dr. Heise, and he preached in Wandsbeck his first sermon on John 1: 1 sq. "After his return from Hamburg, his friends observed an important change in him. He, Neander, had in fact become a new man, although many hard conflicts still remained before him. He could not say enough of the friendliness and the pious temper of those excellent men who had become so dear to him, and whom he visited again and again, as often as he came to Hamburg. Schleiermacher, whom till now he had held so high, and what he had of the writings of Schelling and Fichte, were laid aside. He read much more in the New Testament, and soon the Christian Fathers of the first century filled his rooms, and on these he often expressed himself with eloquent enthusiasm. For a few months, however, he remained quiet and reserved, and said little to his friends, who were also careful not to intrude upon him. Then he handed them a full confession of faith, written in Latin, which they copied, and in which at the close he laid down the study of Church History as the aim of his theological study, and earnestly implored the Lord that he would guide him therein and keep him from all error.” "In the autumn of 1810, Neander, after he had spent one year and a half in Hamburg as a licentiate preacher, went to Heidelberg, notwithstanding all the scruples of his friends, who feared that he would put no measure or limit upon his labors. Soon, indeed, came information from thence, that he was studying incessantly, and that traces of earlier suffering were showing themselves. Then the anxious mother, with her daughters, hastened to him, and remained with him. In the year 1817, she died in Berlin. Pastors Jaenike and Hermes, together with ourselves and family friends, among whom were at that time Olshausen and Tholuck, followed her to the grave. How often did Neander, as we afterwards met in Berlin, bring to mind the way in which he had come to Heidelberg, and how I had been a feeble in strument of it in the hand of the Lord. Also I may not leave unmentioned how Neander in the first years of his residence in Berlin said to me that he would indeed like a family life, and if the Lord would so order it, would not be disinclined to enter into the state of holy matrimony. He was my groomsman at my marriage in 1817, took part in the festivities of the occasion, and entertained himself with the guests, gentlemen and ladies, although chiefly with the Rev. Prof. Spilleke and Director Bernhardi. Towards my wife, and afterwards towards my children, he was always friendly, and entertained himself with them; and so late as 1841, when I was in Berlin, he would have me with my three daughters dine with him." The first article of the 3d Heft, 1851, is an academical address in memory of Dr. Neander's services to Church History, delivered Nov. 4, 1850, by Dr. Hagenbach of Basil, filling about fifty pages. About half is taken up with a rapid review of early church history, and of that written by German Protestants, with particular remarks on Mosheim, Planck, Marheinecke, and others. Neander's principal works are finally characterized. Then follow an explanation of Phil. 2: 6, in opposition to Baur, by Ernesti, pastor at Wolfenbüttel; an explanation of Paul's "self-confessions," in Rom. vii., by Umbreit; a new investigation of the passage Rom. 8: 18-25, in opposition to Rupprecht, by F. F. Zyro of Berne; a review of Semisch's "die Aposto lischen Denkwürdigkeiten" of Justin Martyr, by W. Grimm of Jena; a notice of E. Arnaud's critical researches on the epistle of Jude, by Kienlen of Colmar; and remarks on the second and third church conventions at Wit tenberg, 1849, and Stuttgart, 1850, by Dr. Lechler of Waiblingen. An Index for the Studien u. K. for 1828-37, and another for 1838-47, have been published; price for both, one thaler. upon. The A Prospectus of Dr. Neander's works, has been published. The exeget ical part will embrace lectures on the New Testament, except the Apocalypse, the last three chapters only of which he had lectured second part will embrace those historico-theological lectures which it may be thought best to publish. These will include a sketch (skiography), of church history, history of doctrines, history of Christian ethics, and on the opposite tendencies of Protestantism and Catholicism. The third part will embrace systematic theology-dogmatics and ethics. The aim of the editor, Dr. Julius Müller of Halle, will be to give a true and exact exhibition of the thoughts of Neander, without intermingling any foreign element. Several of the younger pupils and friends of Dr. Neander, will give their assistance in preparing the edition. AUSTRIA. The imperial printing press at Vienna is conducted on a large scale. It was established by the late emperor Francis. It furnishes regular employment for 700 persons, besides many artists, men of science, and mechanics. It has branches in Lemberg, Temesvar, Salzburg and other large towns. An engine of 20 horse power moves 48 printing and 24 copperplate presses, and 10 glazing machines. There are, besides, 36 large and 12 1851.] Africa. 673 small iron hand presses, 12 numbering and embossing machines, and 30 lithographic presses. One thousand reams of paper are consumed in a day. Among the objects which this establishment has sent to the Exhibition in London, are 11,000 steel punches of characters and alphabets. There are punches of 164 different alphabets, from the hieroglyphic, hieratic and demotic, down to the Laos, Formosan, etc. There is a copy of a certain work, entitled "The Hall of Languages," consisting of 17 sheets in elephant folio, containing the Lord's Prayer, in 608 languages printed with Roman letters, and in 200 languages in the characters peculiar to each language. There is also a Japanese novel (see Vol. II. p. 39 of the Journal of the American Oriental Society), the first work of this kind that was ever printed with movable type. AFRICA. Dr. Krapf returned from Europe to his station on the eastern coast of Africa last winter, accompanied by three ordained missionaries and three mechanics, all Germans. The present force of the mission, therefore, is nine males, six of them being ordained. It is the wish of the Church Missionary Society to commence new stations without delay, particularly in Usambara and Ukambani, the former country lying some 200 miles to the south-west of Rabbai Empia, and the latter 400 or 500 miles to the north-west. The ultimate aim of the society is to push on to the interior, in the hope that the missionaries of the American Board, coming from the Gaboon, will meet them in the centre; and the latter will undoubtedly endeavor to do their part in the enterprise, if they shall be properly reinforced from our theological seminaries. The tours which Dr. Krapf and Mr. Rebmann have already made, show conclusively that the country back from the coast is a vast table land, having an elevation of 2000 or 3000 feet; and there is every reason to believe that it will be found adapted to the European constitution. Indeed, Rabbai Empia has proved to be very favorable to health, though it is near the coast. There are numerous mountains rising from the table land; and two have been discovered already, the Kilimandjaro, about 3° 20′ south of the equator, and the Kenia, about 1° south, whose summits are covered with perpetual snow. Both of these mountains are the sources of large rivers, some of which are sufficiently identified; and Dr. Krapf thinks it probable that the White Nile has its origin in the Kenia; or, at any rate, that its fountain head is not far distant. He rejects the theory that Lake Niassi feeds the Nile; for he has recently visited the Lufuma, and he says that the Niassi discharges its waters through this river into the Indian Ocean. Judging from what he has heard of the Uniamése, he supposes that in this country, some 500 or 600 miles west of Mombas, or the bordering territories, will be found the head quarters of the Congo, the Tchadda, the Nile, and the Kilimani; so that it will prove to be the great water shed of Africa, sending forth its treasures to all points of the compass. The tribes which live back a few hundred miles from the coast, are decid |