even if this were not so, the people would produce the kind of government they wanted, and that would be all that would be necessary. By what right does the minority presume to tell the majority what is good for them? The new system would not presume, therefore, to tell any man that he had not a right to enter any department he chose, and for the work of which he was fitted, on the ground that that department already was full. Any tendency to "overproduction" or to underproduction which this freedom might cause, would, as is shown, be checked by a change in the price paid for labour in the various departments in question. In this intermediate stage of the system this change might be more or less arbitrarily determined, but when the system is in full operation, it will automatically be determined, without the introduction of any personal equation. The objections which might arise in the mind of the casual reader, steeped as he is in competitive thought, are met at some length, and it is shown that deception and conspiracy would be practically impossible, and that there would be no tendency whatever for a worker to "soldier" under the new régime. No man would be required to work at anything he did not wish to work at, nor for a longer time than he wished to work, but when those who make up our present rich and poor hobo fraternity, find that they can consume only the exact value which they create, one of two things will happen. Either they will work at least the average length of time, or they will consume less than the average rate of consumption. It will be noted, in this connexion, that the new régime has taken good heed of the warning of Abraham Lincoln, graphically illustrated in the accompanying cartoon, which we copy from the first volume of this work. The attempt is made to make it plain to the reader that all values will be labour-values, and that their utility, from society's standpoint, is measured by the number of happiness units they contain. If art takes precedence over clam-digging, it simply will be because it contains a greater number of happiness units, all seeming differences in kind of output, however radical they may appear, being found, in their last analysis, to be not differences in kind, but only in amount. How to live?- that is the essential question for us. Not how to live in the mere material sense only, but in the widest sense. The general problem which comprehends every special problem is the right ruling of conduct in all directions under all circumstances. In what way to treat the body; in what way to treat the mind; in what way to manage our affairs; in what way to bring up a family; in what way to behave as a citizen; in what way to utilize all those sources of happiness which nature supplies - how to use all our faculties to the greatest advantage of ourselves and others- how to live completely? And this being the great thing needful for us to learn, is, by consequence, the great thing which education has to teach. To prepare us for complete living is the function which education has to discharge; and the only rational mode of judging of any educational course is, to judge in what degree it discharges such function. True science and true religion are twin-sisters, and the separation of either from the other is sure to prove the death of both. Science prospers exactly in proportion as it is religious; and religion flourishes in exact proportion to the scientific depth and firmness of its basis. The great deeds of philosophers have been less the fruit of their intellect than of the direction of that intellect by an eminently religious tone of mind. Truth has yielded herself rather to their patience, their love, their singleheartedness, and their self-denial, than to their logical acumen. Thomas H. Huxley. A consciousness that works backward, a personal modification of conduct based on the forced retention of more primitive conditions and ideals, this has been, and still is, one of the heaviest drawbacks to human progress. C. P. Gilman - Human Work. Third Fisherman: "Master, I marvel how the fishes live in the sea." First Fisherman: "Why, as men do a-land. The great ones eat up the little ones. I can compare our rich misers to nothing so fitly as to a whale, 'a plays and tumbles, driving the poor fry before him, and at last devours them all at a mouthful; such whales have I heard on 'o the land who never leave gaping till they have swallowed the whole parish, church, steeple, bell and all Third Fisherman: "If the good King Simonides were of my mind, he would purge the land of these drones that rob the bee of her honey." Shakespere - Pericles, Prince of Tyre. CHAPTER XLII E have now to consider the Gillette system for social redemption in its full fruitage. We must imagine the World Corporation Investment Company as having secured control of all the industrial arteries of the body politic. This body politic will include all nationalities, and will comprise practically the entire human race. We must think of those natural tendencies which were discussed in the preceding part of this book as having evolved pari passu with the Corporation itself. That, therefore, which merely showed colour in the bud in section two, will be found in full blossom in this closing portion of the work. Here, as elsewhere, it must be remembered, the policy of the Corporation will be tentative in those matters which are relatively unessential, while it will be definite and fixed with respect to those other factors which are of vital concern, with regard to the life of the system, and the complete democracy of its institutions. We also must bear in mind that, as there was no sharp line of demarcation separating section 1 from section 2, so there will be none between section 2 and section 3. Evolution is a gradual process. Its effects are not apparent at lines, being only discernible over areas. There will be, therefore, no point at which one might say; here the Gillette plan passes from its second into its third section. Since, however, we are now treating the system as well developed, we may imagine ourselves well across that border-land area separating the second and third sections. From this vantage ground let us pause a moment and look about us. What are the broadest generalities which first would challenge this cursory glance? The first thing which would attract the eye would be the entire change in the physical aspect of things, supposing, as we must suppose for the sake of our illustration, that we had exercised good judgment in choosing our location. We should look out upon one of the cities which had rapidly grown up under the magic spell of a revitalised social life. Indeed, it is doubtful if we at first should realise that we were in a city, since it would be so widely different from anything we had known under the old competitive régime. It must be borne in mind that we are imagining an observer who is transferred to the midst of the new system from the midst of our present lack of system. To such an one the term "city" would call up definite associations linked with his experiences under a competitive régime. As the result of these experiences his conception of a city would doubtless include alternations of densely populated areas and areas held out of use. The chart which we give herewith, taken from the first volume of this work, would be a fair representation of his natural expectations with regard to overpopulated, unpopulated and underpopulated areas, as for example, Boston, shown in the left-hand diagram to be 44% occupied, and 56% vacant, while having the greatest average density to be found in the United States, to wit, 22.6 per acre. The buildings of our observer's preconceived city would be illassorted, and if not architecturally hideous in themselves, as is more than likely to be the case, an equally unpleasant effect would be produced by an architectural dissonance, a stone, wood and brick discordance,- harsh and unpleasant in the extreme. Inseparable from his conception of a city would be those garish evidences of wealth and poverty, ostentation and servility, sybaritic selfishness and hopeless squalor, which to-day make up the chief sum of urban life. On the one hand a "Lung Block" like that exhibited in the accompanying diagram (reproduced from the first volume of this work) into which are crowded, like sheep in a cattle car, nearly four thousand human beings, a large per cent. of whom are foredoomed victims of the terrible White Plague; and, on the other hand, palatial, hotel-like edifices, having so many sumptuously furnished rooms that the owners are unable to occupy them, despite the retinue of servants which result from their combined affluence and insufficiency. Everywhere would our observer expect to find a hurrying and scurrying, an eager pursuit of money, or of those things which money buys. Dirt and dust would be in the streets of his preconceived city, competitive strife in its shops, and over all, like a thought-smothering panoply, a perfect jargon of soul-racking noises. Lumbering teams full of bar iron; express wagons heavily laden; coal teams, pleasure wagons, automobiles and foot passengers, would all compete for the use of its dirty and unattractive streets. Elevated trains would make this pandemonium still more dissonant. Everywhere the eye would meet unattractive walls, decorated in the grime of soft coal, with possibly now and then a glint of green in some hand-patch of a public square. The commons of the city would impress the eye as being out of place and but little used, conveying to the observer the ineradicable feeling that the landlust was greedily licking their edges, in the hope soon to be able to devour their interiors. Bill-boards, with offensive egoistical legends of all sorts expressed in a jargon of colours, and a nightmare of forms, would assail the eye with a discordance fitly matching that which split the ear. As a sample of these ennobling advertisements of a competitive régime would linger memories which would voice themselves something like this: "None genuine without the name of Smith on every can." "If it isn't Jones's it's a fraud." "Beware of Imitations. Unscrupulous men are counterfeiting Brown's products. Look out for the Trade-Mark on every package. No goods pure without it, etc., etc." The psychic air of the city under the competitive régime is not so easy to describe, but sensitive souls feel it none the less for all that. They find themselves as lonesome in that dollar-mad-anthill scramble of Broadway as they would be in the middle of the |