HOW IT GREW, WHAT IT DOES, AND HOW IT DOES IT BY JESSE MACY, A.M. PROFESSOR OF CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY AND POLITICAL ECONOMY Revised Edition BOSTON, U.S.A. PUBLISHED BY GINN & COMPANY Educ T 428, 90.557 NARVARD COLLEGE LIBRARY Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1890, by in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. TYPOGRAPHY BY J. S. CUSHING & Co., Boston, U.S.A. PREFACE. A CHILD who has been well instructed in Geography knows already something about a school district and other local governments around him; he has some knowledge of the state and of the United States. This book is designed to extend the knowledge of all these institutions and teach something of their relations to each other. The governmental institutions of our entire system are so related that no one of them can be thoroughly understood without a knowledge of all. The institutions directly affecting the citizen in his ordinary civil relations are chiefly those of the state and the local governments within it. Many useful lessons in civil government may be learned from the state alone; yet the action of the state is in some cases conditioned upon the action of the general government. On the other hand, to limit instruction in civil government to the Constitution of the United States presents more serious difficulties. The Constitution assumes the existence of the states and provides for a supplementary government. It cannot be rightly understood without a knowledge of the states. To attempt to teach the Federal Constitution without this knowledge results naturally in the teaching of error. The order of topics here presented is such that the institutions nearest, and naturally most familiar, shall receive special attention first. In this part of the work a direct study of the actual institutions of the locality is intended. The different states and different parts of the same state furnish a variety of agencies. It is from the direct observation and study of actual governmental institutions that a real knowledge is derived. Books are useful as they stimulate and guide observation and assist in interpretation. When the manuscript for the first edition was sent to the publishers, it was with the expectation that copies would be printed for trial in the class-room before publication. I have now, in accordance with my original plan, rewritten the book, and made such changes as experience seems to demand. From the publication of the book and its use in the schools of the various states I have derived the benefit of a much wider range of criticism than could have been secured from a trial edition. In the meantime several books have appeared which have been found helpful in preparing the new edition. The most important of these are Bryce's The American Commonwealth, and Howard's Local Constitutional History of the United States. J. MACY. GRINNELL, Iowa, CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. OUR EUROPEAN ANCESTORS Governmental Institutions. Origin of the Township. The Town-Meeting. The Manor. Towns and Boroughs. Local Governments Transplanted. Temporary Institutions. The New England Town. New England Churches. Officers of the Town. The New England County. Form of County Motives for founding Colonies. First Permanent Colony. The Governor and his Council. The First Legislature. Civil Strife. Virginia Royalists. Berkeley and Bacon. Other Colonies. Proprietary Colonies. First Charter Colony. Voluntary Associations. Struggle for the Charters. become States. Classification of Colonies. CHAPTER IV. ORIGIN OF STATE CONSTITUTIONS The Bill of Rights. Town Charters. The Grand Model. Colonial Charters. Rhode Island. State Constitutions. Three 30 |
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