Japanese instructor, the usual idea among students as to how much pure enjoyment is contaeined in the study of mathematics or economics being shown by the expression: "It is like biting sand or chewing wax." Professor Wadagaki, however, has succeeded in effecting a complete change of sentiment in his classes, and it redounds greatly to his credit. He is a chaste writer of English and a good platform speaker. Then there is Professor Takane (Methodist), teacher of law at the Kyoto University.

In government schools of the next lower grade, Professor Usaki (Meth.), of the Third Koto Gakko (High School), Kyoto, who is an ex-pastor, who still preaches quite often; Professor Hirotsu (Harvard), Miyake (Yale) (Cong.), and Okura (Epis.), of the Sixth High School (Okayama), are representative men. Mr. Hirotsu was for two years principal of the Doshisha. Mr. M. Honda (Epis.), formerly of Rikkyo Jo Gakko, and a frequent interpreter for Bishop Hare, is now a prominent teacher in the Tokyo Higher Normal School.

When we come to girls' schools we find that Christians have had, and still hold, a very prominent place, all out of proportion to their relative numbers in the empire. Mr. Naruse, the founder and president of the Women's University, had a fine apprenticeship for his work, as head of the Baikwa Jo Gakko, the leading Christain girls' school in Osaka. The school is already well equipped with buildings, apparatus, and a large corps of teachers. Its roll of students contains over one thousand three hundred

names.

Mrs. Kajiko Yajima's name stands at the head of a goodly line of Jap

anese Christian women who have labored zealously and successfully for the education of Japanese girls. Born seventy-four years ago, her active service in the cause of Christian education has covered the wonderful era of Japan's modern development. She has striven these many years since her conversion to seek first the Kingdom of God and His righteousness. Prominently connected with Presbyterian girls' schools, her most eminent service has been as the honored head of the influential Joshi Gakkuin (Girls' School), of Bancho, Tokyo. Of late years she has also become still more prominent in society at large as President of the Women's Christian Temperance Union. Perhaps no untitled Japanese woman has served on more important committees, graced more social functions, or exerted a wider influence in the moral uplift of the nation than modest Mrs. Yajima. She is loved and honored alike by her own people and by foreigners, by Christians and other religionists, by those of high estate, and also by the lowly poor.

Next in this list of the names of widely useful Christian women educators we find that of Miss Ume Tsuda. After taking an eclectic course of study at Bryn Mawr College, Pennsylvania (1889-92), and engaging in various kinds of helpful work, she opened, in 1900, a school of her own, the Joshi Ei-Gaku-Juku (Girls' English School), which to-day enrolls one hundred and thirty students. Her use of the English language, even to its jokes and drawing-room idioms, is practically perfect.

There is an increasing number of Japanese young women, trained first in mission schools and later in the

best institutions abroad, who are quietly but effectively molding the schools of Japan.

Among the three hundred kindergartens in Japan the score or more of Christian institutions hold a very high place, and such Japanese teachers as Miss F. Koka, of Hawaii; Miss Wakuyama (Kumiai), of the Glory Kindergarten, Kobe, and Mrs. Zusho, of the Methodist school at Hiroshima, are doing a work of priceless value for the rising generation.

Miss Tetsuko Yasui was converted in England under the preaching of Hugh Price Hughes, but on his advice was not baptized until her return to Japan. She is a member of Mr. Ebina's church, and is a woman of exceptional ability and charming personality. At the request of high officials she went to Siam last year to organize a school for the members of the royal family and other princes of the blood.

Miss Taka Adachi, a (Baptist) Christian, who has held a responsible position in the Tokyo Normal School Kindergarten, has been honored with the appointment of nursery governess to the young children of the Crown Prince of Japan. Taken in connection with not a few similar selections by the leading families of Japan, it marks the breaking down of prejudice and extreme conservatism.

Journalists and Novelists

It is not too much to affirm that the influential newspapers of Japan are honeycombed with the higher ideals of the world's best writers. Many of her journalists are well versed in Biblical and kindred literature. They have circled the globe and conversed to their own high profit with

men like Tolstoi, Ruskin, Carlyle, Stead, Fairbairn, and Hughes and Moody and Dana of the West.

The Tokutomi brothers may well serve as a representative of this class. Both are Doshisha men, and the elder was the founder of the powerful magazines Kokumin-no-Tomo (The Nation's Friend) and Katei Vasshi (Home Journal), and of the newspaper Kokumin Shimbun (The People's Paper). He was a loyal admirer and trusted friend of Neesima, and as a journalist stepped at once into the front rank of influential writers. He was the idolized hero of all students, Christian and non-Christian alike. Returning from a trip around the world, he changed his attitude from that of extreme independence and caustic criticism to one of broadminded sympathy, accepted for a time an official apointment, and is today the independent mouthpiece and influential adviser of the Cabinet. In consequence, he has lost largely his phenomenal power over young men, especially students, since they claim that he has sold his birthright. He has, however, strengthened his hold upon the nation at large, and practically mediates to-day between the government and the people. He is using his pen these days to hold the nation back from making exorbitant demands upon Russia. Like all his countrymen, he has unbounded admiration for President Roosevelt, and confidence in his integrity and wisdom.

Kenjiro Tokutomi, his younger brother, secured notoriety, and probably fame, on the merits of Omoiideno-Ki (A Record of Recollections), Kuro-Shio (The Black Stream), and Hototogisu (The Cuckoo), published

in English under the title “Nami-Ko," novels written from the standpoint of the highest Christian virtues. The author is rapidly succeeding to his brother's former place of inspirational leadership among young people.

Kanzo Uchimura, formerly dubbed the Japanese Carlyle, is a graduate of Sapporo Agricultural and Amherst classical colleges, and was the author of that striking booklet, "How I Became a Christian." He also published the first tabulated list of Japanese fishes (Nihon Gyorui Mokuroku), which is still used by scholars. He has likewise given to the public a volume of sermons, a collection of comforting words for Christians, “The Story of Ruth," and of many fiery articles in both Japanese and foreign newspapers, attacking various forms of social injustice. "By some he is looked upon as a god; by others as a devil." He lacks in balance, but never in force and fervor. He is a stanch defender of the Bible, and at present devotes much of his time to editing a magazine of Biblical study which is widely read.

The most voluminous of Christian writers is Mr. K. Matsumura, who left the ministry because of throat trouble, and has since engaged in literary work, tho yielding occasionally to urgent pulpit or platform invitations. His best-known books "Foundation Principles in Fixing One's Aim in Life" (Risshi no Ishizue), "A History of the World, Ancient, Medieval, and Modern," "Womanly Ideals" (Fujin no Kagami), and a little tract—“ Just One Word."

are

Hon. S. Shimada, the fearless editor of the Tokyo Daily News (Mai Nichi Shimbun), and Mr. T. Ishibashi, editor of the Osaka Ashai

(Morning Sun), and a consistent member of Temma Kumiai church, are the only other journalists there is space to mention.

Doctors and Lawyers

Among prominent Christian men of the medical profession are: Dr. A. Yamamoto (Methodist), of Sendai; Drs. Suga and Sakata (Kumiai), of Okayama, who stand at the head of their profession in their respective communities. Dr. Suga is principal of the medical school, as well as head of the large government hospital. There are also Dr. Saike, who succeeded J. C. Berry, M.D., as head of the well-known Doshisha hospital, Kyoto; Dr. J. Kawamoto, of Kobe, a Christian doctor of the second generation, and a graduate of Oberlin College and the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania; Drs. Ogata, a member of one of the most aristocratic families of Osaka, and S. Iba, head of the women's department of the general hospital in the same city, the great commercial metropolis of Japan, and Dr. Onishi, at the head of the great military hospitals in Hiroshima.

In the legal profession, representative names are those of K. Matsuoka, Esq., and Judge Okada, of Osaga, Judge (and Deacon) Matsumoto, of Okayama, and Judge Maki, of Nagasaki.

fluence, and Deacon Tamura, of Kobe church, a wholesale importer and exporter, with branches at Tokyo and Vancouver. Mr. Tamura's firm enjoys, deservedly, the fullest confidence of the government, and is doing an immense business at the present time in connection with furnishing food supplies for the army.

Mr. T. Asai, a member of Rev. T. Miyagawa's church, is one of the largest commission merchants in Osaka, and Mr. S. Takai, of the same church, and for many years treasurer of the Japan Home Missionary Society, is an advertising agent of conspicuous

success.

Mr. Meizan Yabu, a member of the Naniwa church (the sainted Sawayama's), is a painter and manufacturer of choice porcelains. He was a delegate to both the Paris and St. Louis Expositions.

It is a typical as well as amusing fact that the two earliest and most successful manufacturers of tooth powder are devout Christian men— Mr. J. Maegami, an Osaka druggist, who was one of the fruits of Dr. A. H. Adams' medical missionary work thirty years ago, and Mr. T. Kobayashi, of Tokyo. The latter has become not merely a wealthy man, but is very benevolent. His "Lion Tooth Powder" is already a national institution, and its manufacturer has hit upon an ingenious device which combines extensive advertising and wide. benevolence. He redeems all envelopes in which the powder is sold at one rin (one-twentieth of a cent) apiece, and all this money goes to charity. It amounts to several thousand yen a year, and is placed according to the desires or votes of his pa

trons.

Mr. K. Otsuka, a graduate of the Church Missionary Society divinity school at Osaka, is manager of one of the railroads centering in that emporium of trade. Mr. Suzuki, of Kobe, a quarter of a century ago acting pastor of its first church, was one of the earliest, if not the very first, Japanese to engage in the canning industry. He and Mr. Sawa and other church-members started a Christian colony in the Hokkaido which has prospered through the years, and has now become a well-developed community.

Near the other end of the empire, a Mr. S. Homma, a devout Christian, by dramatically heroic faith and enterprise, has changed a drunken, licentious, ignorant marble mining camp into a well-nigh model community, with its church and school, where money now goes into savings banks. instead of saké shops, and a mining business that had bankrupted two companies is now a paying concern.

Other names might be added to this list, but it must be confessed that Christianity has not yet taken strong hold upon the business life of Japan.

Social Reformers

Christianity has achieved perhaps her most signal victories along the line of applied Christianity. The East was somewhat preached out. It had grown weary of sermons and ceremonies. It believed in religion, but it wanted a religion of deeds as well as words, one in which conduct was harnessed to creeds, and in which charity was made as prominent as faith and hope. Christianity accepted the challenge, and was the first in the field with its orphanages and hospitals, its reform schools and asylums. Possibly this

was owing in part to the fact that the Western cult had its way to make, and was less hampered by local traditions than the older faiths. At all events, it has set the pace in benevolent enterprises, and it has come to pass that court and commons, Buddhist and believers in Bushido, or the eight myriad gods of Shinto, gladly follow the example set by Christians, and in some cases generously aid in supporting well-tried Christian institutions.

Beginning with orphanages, we name first Mr. J. Ishii, the founder, eighteen years ago, and present superintendent of the Okayama Orphanage. He was inspired by the example of George Müller, who visited Japan the previous year, and later modeled his work more or less after that for negroes and Indians at Hampton, Virginia, by General Armstrong and his associates, or or Dr. Barnardo's homes for London street waifs. Eight hundred children have been cared for in the Okayama Orphanage, and the present number of inmates is three hundred and forty. Of these latter one-half have been received since the opening of the Russo-Japanese war. A beginning has also been made for work in behalf of Korean orphans.

Mr. Ishii sees visions and then attempts to realize them. He has boundless faith in the possibilities of consecrated service. One of his favorite Biblical passages is Matt. xvi: 21 (authorized version): "Howbeit this kind goeth not out but by prayer and fasting."

Messrs. R. Ishii, of Tokyo, whose institution is especially open to feebleminded children, and T. Kobayashi, of Osaka (two Episcopalians),

Messrs. T. Kajima, of Osaka, and H. Kaneko, of Maebashi (Kumiai), Rev. T. Hayashi, of Hokkaido (Presbyterian), and Mr. Y. Igarashi, of Gifu, are the other leading Christian men engaged in caring for homeless children.

Connected with the work of reforming criminals and furnishing a way-station to respectability and good citizenship for discharged convicts, there are two men of exceptional personality and usefulness. The first is Mr. T. Hara, of Tokyo, who has cared directly for seven hundred men at his Home, and succeeded in reforming seventy per cent. of the number since he began these labors, in 1897. He has also influenced for good hundreds of other criminals. He has recently been honored with a personal gift from the emperor, and he has the confidence and cooperation of Japan's leading statesmen and private citizens.

There are three other Christian men prominently engaged in practical charities who have a more than local distinction, but they all hold positions as government officials. Still it seems better to place them here rather than under the next class. These are Rev. T. Tomeoka, an exKumiai pastor. Mr. T. Yamamoto, actual manager of the Tokyo city reformatory, and Mr. Namae (Meth.), who has charge of the charities department of Hyogo ken (prefecture), whose capital city is Kobe.

Mr. Tomeoka, who was given special facilities for observation and training at Concord, Mass., and Elmira, N. Y., is doubtless the leading authority on remedial methods and practical sociology. He is instructor in morals for prison officials, a sort

practical sociology.