The Quartermaster General assumed the same provisions would be enacted for the present war. The methods of calculation were based on numbers and grades given in our "Tables of Organization."

The CHAIRMAN. Major, I would like for you to state whether or not it is a fact that the figures you are giving us now are based entirely on the increase only of the Regular Army and the National Guard and the additional force that is contemplated in the pending bill. In other words, we have passed through the House at this session of Congress the annual appropriation bill for the Army and the National Guard as they now stand. These figures, as I understand it, eliminate that because that is expected to be taken care of in the regular annual appropriation bill for the Army. Is that correct?

Maj. PIERCE. In part. I found, in looking into the estimates for the Ordnance Department, we had included in these special estimates all the items that were in the estimates for 1918, submitted to the last Congress, except the following: Six million four hundred and thirtyfive thousand seven hundred dollars, under the sundry civil bill, and a supplemental estimate of $1,677,550, under that same bill, or a total of $8,113,200, and $5,000,000 for the Signal Department. Except for those items these larger estimates include the smaller, but only for a year from the enactment. These estimates were based on the requirements of supplies for a force of approximately a million men, to be maintained for one year. If the appropriation for 1918 is not made, a part of that fiscal year will not be provided for.

Mr. CALDWELL. Without regard to whether you had anything on hand to do part of that with or not.

Maj. PIERCE. No. The supplies on hand were considered, as shown by the attached table, re ordnance material and Signal Corps.

The CHAIRMAN. Take, for instance, the appropriation for the pay of the Army in the Regular Army appropriation bill which has passed the House and is now pending in the Senate. We provided for the pay of an Army of about 135,000 men. That sum is not included in your estimates for 1,000,000 men?

Maj. PIERCE. It is included, but only for one year from the date of passage of the act. The appropriation for pay, 1917, is nearly exhausted, due to the retention of the guard in the Federal service.

Mr. CALDWELL. I understood him to say he has made an estimate for 1,000,000 without regard to the 135,000 men.

Maj. PIERCE. Except for the instances I called attention to. These estimates are for one year from the date of the passage of the bill. Since the actual sum needed for carrying this war to a conclusion will probably be in excess of the total amount included in the 1918 regular estimates and this special estimate, it is urgently requested that the total be appropriated and no reductions made.

The estimates for supplies, services, and transportation is $813,245,164; for animals for the Army, $100,083,050. That would be for 529,000 animals. The estimates include some 40,000 motor trucks.

Mr. TILSON. Is it not the idea when you have large work, divisional work, you expect to use motor trucks, but for regimental and brigade work you are bound to use animals, because of the slower movements of the troops?

Maj. PIERCE. Exactly.

The estimates for construction, repair, and rentals is $65,545,559. That construction is largely for temporary cantonments, estimated at about $40 a man.

Mr. CALDWELL. Does that include construction of hangars and machine shops, and things of that sort, at such places, for instance, as Mineola, Long Island?

Maj. PIERCE. That is provided for in the bill.

Mr. CALDWELL. In this estimate?

Maj. PIERCE. It comes under the Signal Corps.

Mr. KAHN. You are asking for $54,000,000 for aviation. No doubt that construction is included in that estimate.

Maj. PIERCE. Yes; it is so included.

The total amount for the Quartermaster Corps is $1,561,626,063. For the Ordnance Department the estimates are as follows: Current expenses, $2,500,000; manufacture and purchase of ammunition for small arms and for hand use, etc., $40,298,000; manufacture and purchase of ammunition, targets, and other accessories for target practice, etc., $19,000,000; manufacture and purchase of arms, ammunition, target, etc., for rifle clubs, $1,600,000; manufacture, etc., of arms at national armories, $25,616,000; manufacture and purchase of ordnance stores to fill requisitions, overhauling, cleaning, etc., of ordnance and ordnance stores, $60,050,000; national trophy and medals for rifle contests, $10,000; purchase, manufacturing, and test of automatic machine rifles, $18,200,000; armored motor cars, purchase and manufacture of, $4,500,000; purchase, manufacture, and test of automatic machine rifles for National Guard, $31,200,000; antiaircraft guns, procurement and test of, $1,000,000.

Mr. CALDWELL. Is that to be divided between the Vickers and the Lewis guns?

Maj. PIERCE. Yes; a light type and a heavy type.

Mr. CALDWELL. About what proportion?

Maj. PIERCE. It has not been decided.

Mr. CALDWELL. You have an estimate for the purchase, manufacture, and test of automatic machine rifles for the National Guard— $31,200,000. If you buy the Lewis type of guns, you will get about ten times as many as of the other kind?

Maj. PIERCE. We can get the light type more rapidly, and the lighter type is the cheaper.

The estimate for the procurement and test of antiaircraft guns is $1,000,000; for ammunition for antiaircraft guns, $1,840,000. Mr. CALDWELL. How many does that call for?

Maj. PIERCE. The number is increasing all the time.

Mr. CALDWELL. How much will that buy?

Maj. PIERCE. Each one costs, with its pedestal, about $25,000.

Mr. CALDWELL. Does that include the accompanying searchlight? Maj. PIERCE. No.

Mr. CALDWELL. How are you going to use an antiaircraft gun at night without a searchlight?

Maj. PIERCE. These are provided by other departments.

The estimate for the procurement of field artillery for the National Guard is $99,800,000; for ammunition for field artillery, $92,000,000; arms and ordnance for Reserve Officers' Training Corps, $1,524,000; military equipment for schools and colleges, $718,000; civilian training camp, arms and ordnance equipment for, $4,000,000.

The estimates for armament of fortifications is as follows: Manufacture and purchase of mountain, field, and siege cannon, etc., $55,200,000; manufacture and purchase of ammunition for the above, $75,000,000; manufacture, purchase, etc., seacoast cannon, etc., $15,950,000; manufacture, purchase, etc., and ammunition for seacoast cannon, $14,000,000; manufacture, purchase, etc., ammunition, subcaliber guns, etc., for seacoast artillery practice, $700,000; alteration and maintenance of mobile artillery, including purchase and the manufacture of machinery, etc., $6,112,500; purchase, manufacture, etc., of ammunition, subcaliber guns, etc., for mountain, field, and siege artillery practice, $9,000,000; alteration and maintenance of seacoast artillery, etc., $700,000; for current expense of Sandy Hook Proving Grounds, $200,000; necessary expenses of officers on duty at proving grounds not occupying public quarters and for compensation of draftsmen, $50,000; submarine mines, purchase and maintenance, $3,326,330.

Panama Canal: Purchase, manufacture, etc., seacoast cannon, $3,588,000; purchase, manufacture, etc., ammunition for seacoast cannon, $3,400,000; alteration, maintenance, etc., of seacoast artillery, $750,000; submarine mines, their purchase, manufacture, etc., $250,000; alteration, maintenance, and repair of submarine mine material, $50,000; ordnance depot, construction, etc., $246,600.

Insular possessions: Purchase, manufacture, etc., of seacoast cannon, $1,060,000; purchase, manufacture, etc., ammunition for above, $8,000,000; alteration, maintenance, etc., of seacoast artillery, etc., $500,000; submarine mines, $73,000.

The total amount for the Ordnance Department is $602,007,430. Signal Corps: Signal Service of the Army, $4,817,766; aviation, $54,250,000; making a total for the Signal Corps of $59,067,766. Medical Department, $24,780,000.

Engineer Corps: Construction of guns and mortar batteries, $2,500,000; electrical installation at seacoast fortifications, $1,700,000; searchlights for harbor defenses, $5,900,000; casemates, batteries, etc., for submarine mines, $500,000; construction of land defenses in the United States, $2,000,000.

Mr. CALDWELL. Does that include land fortifications?

Maj. PIERCE. It includes projects already approved, mainly land defenses for permanent fortifications.

Contingent expenses in connection with construction of seacoast fortifications, $1,000,000.

Panama Canal Zone: Construction of seacoast batteries, $20,000; purchase and installation of electric light and power plants for seacoast fortifications, $55,000; searchlights for seacoast fortifications, $78,774; land defenses, $29,500.

Engineer operations in the field, $94,800,000; Engineer equipment of troops, $37,050,000. That makes a total for the Engineer Corps of $145,633,274.

The special estimate for contingencies of the Army is $1,150,000. The following amounts were appropriated for 1917: Contingencies of the Army, $50,000; contingencies of military observers abroad, $15,000; contingencies of the military information section, General Staff, $11,000. These items have been embraced in the estimate of $1,150,000 above mentioned.

92077-17-11

In explanation of the increase, it is noted that with the increase of the Army to approximately 1,000,000 men the items embraced under the contingencies of the Army must largely increase. It is thought the expenses will be at least $100,000 instead of $50,000, as formerly.

The amount, $15,000, hitherto allotted for the expenses of our observers abroad has proven altogether insufficient. Fifty thousand dollars is estimated as necessary for this purpose.

An increase from $11,000 to $1,000,000 is made for the military information section, General Staff. This is to provide ample funds for the gathering of information, to include secret-service work. The importance of this in time of war is very great, and the amount of money requested is not considered excessive. The total thought necessary is $1,150,000.

The estimate for the Army War College is $9,000. The Army. War College needs no increase, as its expenses will be approximately the same in war as in peace. The estimates for the United States service schools is $60,675, as against $35,350 appropriated for 1917. The expenses of the United States service schools will be augmented, due to the large number of new officers to be instructed. Four hundred and twenty-five provisional lieutenants have just finished a course of instruction at Fort Leavenworth. The school of musketry is instructing large numbers of noncommissioned officers in machine guns. The other schools will be used to capacity, and the increase from $35,350 to $60,675 is believed justified.

The estimate for contingencies in The Adjutant General's Office is $15,000.

Under the Chief of Coast Artillery, the estimate for fire control at fortifications is $3,147,225; for the Coast Artillery School at Fort Monroe, Va., $32,000; making a total for the Chief of Coast Artillery of $3,179,225.

The grand total of the estimates submitted by the various departments is $2,397,528,433.

Mr. SHALLENBERGER. In the estimate for the United States service schools you have increased the amount from $35,350, appropriated for 1917, to $60,675?

Maj. PIERCE. Yes, sir.

Mr. SHALLENBERGER. The amount appropriated for those schools last year was $35,350?

Maj. PIERCE. Yes, sir. This amount is based on the estimates from the schools themselves.

Mr. SHALLENBERGER. It struck me that was a very modest increase. Maj. PIERCE. If this appropriation asked for is made as a lumpsum appropriation, then whatever is necessary can be allotted as it is needed.

The Quartermaster General made an estimate that the cost of personal equipment was $194 and some cents for each man, and that is one reason why the odd figures come in this estimate. That means that the cost for the equipment to put a man in the field and give him everything necessary, viz, shoes, socks, clothing, uniform, shelter halves, etc., is $194. Estimates for these were made on the basis of prices of a few months ago. Since then prices have increased.

Mr. SHALLENBERGER. I understood you to say the cost of the equipment for each man totaled about $194?

Maj. PIERCE. For each man. Not the initial cost alone, but the cost, plus maintenance for one year.

Mr. SHALLENBERGER. What equipment he has to have, but not what he eats?

Maj. PIERCE. Yes. It amounts to $194 without food.

Mr. ANTHONY. That does not include what he eats?

Maj. PIERCE. No, sir.

Mr. FIELDS. That includes the initial cost plus the maintenance for one year?

Maj. PIERCE. Yes.

Mr. SHALLENBERGER. It has nothing to do with his pay?

Maj. PIERCE. No. The estimate for food was 30 cents a day, but prices have already gone up. The pay was estimated at the same rates and for the grades now authorized by law, with 20 per cent added for war. Of course the 20 per cent increase can not be given except by authority of Congress.

The estimates of the Ordnance Department were based on cost as given in the last tables, plus 25 per cent, but there have been great increases. For instance, small arms, rifles, in the last ordnance price tables were listed at $19.50, and a year ago only $12.50.

Mr. KAHN. That is due to the increase in the raw material cost? Maj. PIERCE. Yes, sir. In these estimates they have taken, in certain ones I do not think it is true in the case of all-the list prices and added 25 per cent.

Mr. TILSON. Do you figure you will get the Enfield rifle at about the same price as the Springfield?

Maj. PIERCE. I am not sure. The arrangement was explained to me the other day, but the price was not indicated. I do not understand that it has definitely been decided that we will adopt a modified Enfield.

Mr. TILSON. The arrangement has been explained, but I have not seen any figures as to whether we will get the Enfield rifle as cheaply as we did get our Springfield rifle.

Maj. PIERCE. These estimates provide as follows:

(a) The clothing and other quartermaster supplies necessary to fully equip 1,072,908 men and maintain these for one year. Personal equipment is calculated on the basis of a year and a half allowance in addition to the initial allowance. It also includes temporary or cantonment shelter for men, animals, and stores.

(b) The guns, ammunition, and other ordnance supplies necessary to fully equip 1,072,908 men and maintain these for one year. Maintenance is based on peace conditions and is included under the various items to the total amount of $73,604,500. If war conditions are to prevail, it is calculated that maintenance for one year will increase to $608,614,000. Assuming a state of war, the total estimates of the Ordnance Department submitted should be increased by $535,009,500. Mr. SHALLENBERGER. What do you mean by "maintenance"? Maj. PIERCE. The replacement of worn-out guns and of ammunition ammunition that is used in target practice

Mr. SHALLENBERGER. Wearing out generally?

Maj. PIERCE. Yes.

Mr. SHALLENBERGER. That figure will be $73,000,000?