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and dangerous in good Americans to be unable to do their speaking-however simple and informal — as well as they do everything else. It is possible for everybody to speak well well enough, perhaps I might say. Not all can be eloquent or elegant:-nature and constitution have something to do with that;-but all can be clear, correct, sensible, and forcible. It is only necessary to begin on time and keep at it long enough. I have taken many observations, I have made some experiments, and I can claim the authority of some experience, when I say that the good work should begin in the schools — in lower grades — and be put on a different basis from that usually established. The main principle is to set the children trying to get something out of what they read to master it, in a word and to give them matter to read which will suggest to them that there is a kernel in the shell, which is worth cracking the shell for and showing to the people when they have got it out. We teach grammar nowadays not by rules and parsing, but by analysis and the explanation of how sense is packed into words. We teach languages, dead as well as live, not by mere constructions, but by showing how the Greek, Roman, or German used his own terms and sounds to convey just such human ideas as we exchange every day how Cicero, for instance, could and did say: "What's the news?" in just as easy and offhand a fashion as we can. What I would have is in itself easy. natural, and plain and need not cost much, which is always a consideration. Money and trouble are expended liberally to teach something (often, alas! no more than a something!) of music, freehand drawing, hygiene, and physiology. Is it not worth while to take pains and pay something toward laying the lasting foundations for the good voices and the good use of them, by which chiefly are right knowledge and right thought to be communicated and inculcated?

The New High School Building, Stockton

In educational matters Stockton seldom does things by halves. Six years ago an agitation for a new high school building started. Various legal obstacles were overcome, a high school district was formed, and finally in April, 1901, the citizens of Stockton, by a vote of 1444 to 65, voted to issue bonds for high school purposes to the amount of $150,000.

To call the attention of bond buyers to the bond issue a transcript of every step taken from the beginning of the formation of the Stockton high school district to the advertisement of the sale of bonds was printed and sent to all the banking and bond centres of the country. The transcript is a unique document and shows in concrete form how the technicalities required by Section 1670 of the Political Code must be complied with in forming a high school district. As a result of this careful work the Stockton bonds were sold at a good premium.

A site for the school, consisting of four city blocks, has been purchased. One half of the site is reserved for buildings and grounds, the remainder to be devoted to outdoor sports.

The sum of $12,000 has been set aside for equipment, $10,000 for improving the streets, grounds, and campus, and $100,000 for the building.

On Jan. 28th, the High School Board of Stockton advertised for plans for the building, the competition being open to any architect in good standing without reference to locality. For the benefit of architects a circular of information has been issued defining the conditions of the competition and outlining in a definite way the number, size, and use of the rooms with full information as to drawings, specifications, material, etc.

The circular is the best outline of a modern high school building ever issued

in California. It should be in the hands of every superintendent, board of education, and board of trustees in the state for use whenever new school buildings are to be erected.

While lack of space prevents the reproduction of the entire circular. the following extract giving the outline of the twenty-four classrooms and of the offices is given:

"(a) Twelve recitation or classrooms (three each for the English department, for mathematics, for history, and for the languages). The standard size for recitation and classrooms to be 22 by 32 feet, 24 by 30, or 24 by 32. Two of the twelve rooms may be as large as 27 by 36; not to exceed three may be as small as 18 by 24. In all cases rooms are to be adapted to their use, and, where needed, to be provided with necessary cases and closets for the storage of hooks and material.

"(b) Five rooms for the sciences (a science lecture room with a floor space of about 900 square feet, a laboratory for physics with a floor space of about 1000 square feet (27 by 36), one for chemistry with about 750 square feet (24 by 30), one for physical geography with about 750 square feet (24 by 30), and one for biology with about 550 square feet (18 by 30). The five rooms for the sciences to be properly lighted and ventilated and to be provided with all necessary closets and apparatus rooms, and with all fittings of every description needed in carrying on each line of work, with the exception of movable furniture and apparatus. If space permits, any or all of the laboratories may be increased in size.

"(c) Two rooms for the business department-one for bookkeeping and actual business practice with a floor space of from 1000 to 1300 square feet (27 by 36 or 30 by 42), and one for stenography and typewriting with a floor space of about 450 square feet (18 by 24).

"(d) Two rooms for drawing, each with a floor space of about 1000 square feet (27 by 36). The rooms for drawing to be provided with cases and lockers for the storage of models and material.

"(e) One study room with a floor space of about 2000 square feet (27 by 72), the room to be so planned that a partition can be run across it at any time, dividing it into two rooms each 27 by 36. The room to be equipped with cases for the general reference library.

"(f) One assembly and lecture room to seat at least 600 persons.

"(g) One gymnasium to be fully equipped with all necessary lockers, baths, dressing rooms, and everything necessary for a modern gymnasium, excepting movable apparatus.

"(h) Three rooms for the Board of Education and the City Superintendent of Schools-one public office, one private office, and one room, preferably a vault, equipped for the storage of records.

(i) Office for the principal and room for the teachers, in each case to be equipped with closets and cases for the storage of supplies, for books and for specimens.

"(j) Two small rooms with a floor space of about 100 square feet (8 by 12), to be equipped with cases and lockers, and to be well lighted."

University of California, Summer Session, 1902

GENERAL STATEMENT

The Summer Session for 1902 will begin Thursday, June 26, and close six weeks later, Wednesday, August 6. There will be no formal entrance examinations. Attendants must be of good moral character, and must be deemed by the Faculty to be of sufficient maturity and intelligence to profit by the exercises of the session. Courses will

be offered in the following subjects: Philosophy, Art, Education, History and Political Science, Political Economy, Greek, Latin, English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Art, Library Science, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Botany, Mineralogy, Agriculture, Forestry, Irrigation, Physical Culture.

FACULTY

Instruction will be given by members of the regular Faculty of the University and by others, among whom will be H. Morse Stephens, Professor of Modern European and English History in Cornell University; Josiah Royce, Professor of the History of Philosophy in Harvard University; J. Mark Baldwin, Stuart Professor of Psychology in Princeton University; F. Louis Soldan, Superintendent of Instruction of the Public Schools of St. Louis, Missouri; Robert Almer Harper, Professor of Botany in the University of Wisconsin; Bernard Eduard Fernow, Director of the New York State College of Forestry and Professor of Forestry in Cornell University; William Arnold Henry, Dean of the College of Agriculture and Director of the Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Wisconsin; Fred Newton Scott, Junior Professor of Rhetoric in the University of Michigan; Arthur Lachman, Professor of Chemistry in the University of Oregon; Charles Sears Baldwin, Assistant Professor of Rhetoric in Yale University; and Ernest George Merritt, Assistant Professor of Physics in Cornell University.

NEW DEPARTMENTS

Among the subjects represented in this year's Summer Session for the first time will be German, French, Italian, Art, Forestry, and Library Science. The Summer School of Library Science is planned to afford to persons actually engaged in library work acquaintance with recent advances in library methods.

FORESTRY

Forestry will be the subject of nine illustrated lectures, open to the general public, to be given by Director B. E. Fernow of the New York State College of Forestry, Cornell University, between June 26 and July 16. The lectures will be in Stiles Hall, at 8:00 p.m. Director Fernow will also offer a more detailed course, open to all registered students of the Summer Session. There will also be lectures on irrigation methods.

CALIFORNIA TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION

To the Teachers of California:—

The California Teachers' Association unanimously adopted the following resolution:

Whereas, it is deemed expedient that the teachers of this State organize so that they may act as a unit in order to secure much needed reforms in methods of school work; in order to make the profession of teaching more attractive, to the end that more men and women of ability will choose teaching as a life work; and in order to secure the enactment of laws which will make the public school system of more practical value to the masses of the people,

Therefore, be it resolved by the California Teachers' Association that the President of this Association appoint a Committee of five whose duty it shall be to work upon this question of organizing the teachers of this State, and report the result of its labors to this Association at its next regular meeting.

We, the undersigned, members of the committee appointed to carry into effect the resolution given above, have prepared the constitution given below, and have outlined a plan of work which we hope and believe will carry the provisions of this constitution and the spirit of the resolution adopted by the California Teachers' Association into successful effect. The success of this proposed federation, however, rests with the teachers of this State, and we respectfully ask you to give this matter your most serious and careful consideration. We believe that the best interests of education, and therefore the best interests of the teachers, urgently demand the success of this organization, and, therefore, it is with confidence that your active co-operation is requested.

California State Teachers' Federation

CONSTITUTION
ARTICLE I

This organization shall be known as the California State Teachers' Federation.

ARTICLE II

The object of this Federation is to further the educational interests of the State.

ARTICLE III

All persons who are engaged in teaching in the public or private schools of this State may become members of this Federation, subject to the conditions hereinafter stated.

ARTICLE IV

SECTION 1. The teachers in each county in the State, or city and county, or cities employing seventy or more teachers may organize a sub-federation, but this shall not be construed so as to prevent the teachers in a county and in a city or cities of that county from uniting and forming but one federation.

SEC. 2. It shall be the duty of each sub-federation to elect delegates to the State Council as provided for elsewhere in this constitution; to act upon such questions as may be submitted to it by the State Council; to discuss other questions of interest to school work; and each sub-federation shall have power to take such other action as it may deem of value to school work, but such acts must be in strict compliance with the provisions of this constitution.

SEC. 3. A meeting of each sub federation shall be held in connection with each county or city teachers' institute, unless otherwise ordered by a sub-federation.

ARTICLE V

SEC. 1. There shall be a central body of this Federation known as the State Council, which shall be composed of delegates from the sub-federations and from the normal schools and universities of the State, the basis of representation being as follows:

(a) One delegate from each sub-federation for each one hundred teachers or major fraction
thereof; provided, that each sub-federation shall be entitled to at least three delegates.
(b) The president of each State normal school.

(e) The professor of pedagogy in the University of California, and the professor of the pedagogi-
cal department in any other university of the State whose graduates are entitled to teach in
the public schools shall be a member of the State Council.

SEC. 2. The State Council shall, in the name of the federated teachers of the State, recommend such changes in school work and the passage of such laws as it deems will increase the efficiency of the school system, and it shall have full power to take such action as it may deem necessary to carry into effect its recommendations; it shall have power to publish and distribute educational literature and to do all things which in its judgment will advance the educational interests of the State.

SEC. 3. The State Council shall meet once a year, on the first Monday after the tenth day of July. On the written request of a majority of the delegates who are entitled to participate in the proceedings of the meeting the president shall call a special meeting. The Council at its annual meeting must designate the place at which the next annual meeting is to be held, and the petition for a special meeting must designate the purpose, time, and place for holding such meeting, and no business except that designated shall be transacted.

ARTICLE VI

SECTION 1. The officers of the State Council (who shall also be the officers of the State Federation) and the officers of each sub-federation shall be a president, a vice-president, a secretary, and a treasurer; provided, that the secretary shall have the power to appoint one or more assistants.

SEC. 2. All officers shall be elected by a majority vote at the regular or annual meeting.

SEC. 3. The duty of each officer shall be such as usually pertain to his office and such as are imposed by this constitution, or which may be imposed by the body of which he is an officer.

SEC. 4. The secretary of each sub-federation shall, between the first and fifth days of April of each year, furnish a list of its members to the state secretary of this Federation, and the state secretary shall have these lists printed and shall furnish a copy to each officer of the State Federation and of each subfederation.

SEC. 5. The treasurer of each sub-federation shall retain for the use of the sub-federation of which he is an officer one half of the amount of the dues which he collects, and shall forward, with as little delay as possible, the other half to the treasurer of the State Federation.

SEC. 6. The terms of office of each officer of the State Federation and of each sub-federation shall begin at the end of the session at which he was elected and shall continue through the next regular or annual session.

ARTICLE VII

The delegates to the State Council from each sub-federation shall be elected by a majority vote in such manner, time, and place as said sub-federation may decide. The term of office shall be one year and shall begin on the first day of each July.

ARTICLE VIII

SECTION 1. The annual membership dues of this Federation shall become due on the first day of January of each year, and they shall be two dollars per year, payable in advance to the treasurer of the subfederation of which the payee is a member; provided, that the first dues of each member shall be payable when he becomes a member and shall be for the time between then and the first day of January.

SEC. 2. Each sub-federation shall use its portion of the money collected as dues to pay the expenses

incurred by its delegates while attending the sessions of the State Council and for any other purpose which it may deem proper; the State Council shall use its portion of the money received from dues to publish and distribute educational literature and for all other purposes which in its judgment will advance the educational interests of the State.

ARTICLE IX

SECTION 1. Any member who neglects to pay his membership dues within three months after they become due shall thereby forfeit his membership in this Federation.

SEC. 2. A member who may change his residence from one sub-federation to another shall be entitled to membership in the latter without paying any additional dues.

SEC. 3. One fifth of the members of a sub federation shall constitute a quorum, and one fifth of the members of the State Council shall constitute a quorum.

SEC. 4. No proxies shall be allowed in a sub-federation or in the State Council. A member, in order to vote, must be present and cast his own ballot.

This constitution contains no provision for amendment, it being the desire of the committee to have it subject to amendment by a majority vote at the first meeting of the State Council.

C. C. Van Liew, Richard D. Faulkner, and W. C. Doub have been appointed a committee on suborganization. This committee has been directed to appoint a committee of three in each county and in each city entitled to a sub-federation, and to request the committees thus appointed to proceed at once with the organization of sub-federations and to have the sub-federations thus organized elect delegates to the State Council with as little delay as possible, so that the first meeting of the State Council may be held in San Francisco at the time provided for in the constitution.

In conclusion, we wish to state that we have done all that we can do to make this proposed federation a success; in due time each of you will be asked by a local committee to become a member, and the possibilities for good which will follow the success of this organization are so great that we place the whole matter in your hands, hoping and believing that you will insure its success.

February 19, 1902.

W. C. DOUB (Chairman), Bakersfield.
HUGH BALDWIN (Secretary), San Diego.
J. W. LINSCOTT (Treasurer), Santa Cruz.
RICHARD D. FAULKNER, San Francisco.
C. C. VAN LIEW, Chico.

Teachers' Institutes

Supt. Robert Furlong of Marin held his institute this year in Mill Valley. One day of the session was devoted to visiting the schools of Berkeley. Superintendent Furlong secured a number of excellent lecturers from Stanford and from the University of California. The program was an interesting one.

Supt. R. H. Webster held his annual institute in the Mission High School building, Mar. 19, 20, 21. Among the instructors were: President Jordan, President Wheeler, Prof. C. M. Gayley, Prof. Burt Estes Howard, C. A. Keeler, Jenne Long, and J. P. Blanton. The proceedings were quite interesting. The teachers gave Superintendent Webster a great ovation. Leslie A. Jordan had direct charge of the program. The annual teachers' institute has become quite a feature in the educational life of San Francisco. This year the management decided not to have section work but have addresses on educational topics that have to do with culture without special reference to classroom work.

Supt. Edward Hyatt held his institute the week beginning March 31st at Riverside. Supt. Hyatt sent out a return postal card to each teacher with the request that the teacher mark the studies desired at the institute. For instance, if a number of teachers desired geography, then a section of the institute, under a competent leader, would consider the topic. This is an improvement over the grade departments of the average institute. Superintendent Hyatt has succeeded admirably in giving electives to his teachers; the results were very satisfactory. Prof. Raymond Alden of Stanford and Supt. J. W. McClymonds of Oakland were among the instructors.