NEW CENTURY SERIES of Anatomy, Physiology and Hygiene The latest series of physiologies published since the recent agitation regarding the systematic study of physiology and hygiene, including scientific temperance instruction, in our public schools. It represents the latest phases of scientific research and study, combined with the best methods of instruction. The books have been arranged in accordance with modern experimental methods and particular attention has been given to the treatment of alcohol and other narcotics and to the subject of right living. Anatomy, Physiology and Hygiene For High Schools. By Henry F. Hewes, M. D., Instructor in Physiological and Clinical Chemistry, Harvard University Medical School. Price, $1.00 With experimental work this book gives a connected outline of the processes which accomplish the maintenance of life in the body and of the rules of hygiene which it is necessary to follow in order to facilitate their harmonious action. Chapters are included upon the nature and action of bacteria in connection with infectious diseases, and also upon physical culture and gymnasium exercises. Elementary Anatomy, Physiology and Hygiene For Higher Grammar Grades. By Win- Treated according to the inductive method, beginning with the easily observed facts of plant physiology and leading by comparison up to human physiology and hygiene. Simple illustrations and experiments, but no dissections, are presented in connection with the physiological facts. A particular feature of the book is the lessons on domestic economy which form a noteworthy contribution to one of the most important problems of sociology. Intermediate Physiology and Hygiene For Fifth and Sixth Year Pupils, or corresponding The illustrations are a marked feature of this book, including both mechanical diagrams and attractive pictures designed to interest the pupil. Special attention is called to the simple comparisons of the bodies of human beings and of the lower animals. The object of this comparative study is to impress upon the mind of the pupil the unity of nature and to cultivate in him a love and sympathy for the lower animals. New Century Primer of Hygiene First Book for Pupils' Use. By Jeannette Winter A simple and attractive presentation of the elementary facts of physiology for pupils of the fourth year grade. The language used is free from technical terms and readily comprehended by the child, while familiar facts are used to emphasize the principles discussed. Brief object lessons in general physiology are given, together with a simple treatment of the most important laws of hygiene. Contains numerous illustrations and useful and practical suggestions. . Oral Lesson Book in Hygiene For Primary Teachers. By Henrietta Amelia Mirick, A. B., Assistant Editor School Physiology Journal. Price, $1.00 A manual for the teacher, containing suggestive oral lessons on the most elementary facts of anatomy physiology, and hygiene, for the first three years of school life. At the end of each lesson are points summarizing the most important features. Each day's work is thoroughly planned le and interesting. bri POPULAR BOOKS ON NATURE STUDY AND LIFE By Clifton F. Hodge, Assistant Professor of Physiology and Neurology in Clark University, Worcester, Mass. With an Introduction by Dr. G. Stanley Hall. 12 mo. Cloth. pages. List price, $1.50. E. H. RUSSELL, Principal of State Normal Far and away the best thing that has been done in this From the New England Journal of Education. 514 This is the most important school book that has come cut of the famous retreat of professional enthusiasts at Clark University. It contains more matter for use in schools than any other book of nature yet issued, more valuable information, more directions for teachers, more suggestions that can be followed. The book has been adopted by seven reading circles and by scores of cities and towns for use in the public schools. 8 cents for bound set of 17 sample leaflets, including suggestions for study, current questions and summary PRICE, $7.50 per 100. National Dept. of Scientific Temperance Instruction, 23 TRULL ST., BOSTON, MASS. Tobacco Habit By MRS. CHARLOTTE SMITH ANGSTMAN Is a timely book on an important topic. Have you informed yourself on this topic? Do you know what can be said against the tobacco habit ? You will find in this book a strong presentation of the evils resulting from the use of tobacco. School Physiology Journal 23 Trull Street, Boston, Mass. YOU OUGHT TO LOOK In order to introduce THE LITTLE $3 more; total value $6, all for $2.50. Send 10c. in stamps for specimen view and complete list, and Free sample of The Little Chronicle. Trial Subscription, 3 mos. 25c. If you like it send balance, $2.25, and get Scope and views and whole year. Both Scope and Paper widely used in schools. Agents make $15.00 to $25.00 weekly. Address: THE LITTLE CHRONICLE, 103 Randolph St., CHICAGO. BOSTON, MAY, 1904 That slips the sheath of jealous The violet at our feet, The lilac's honeyed bough, The wind-flower frail and sweet, The apple-blossom now— Each keeps its promise, as Love keeps its vow: A flower for every day in flowerful May! P HYSIOLOGY and hygiene were originally introduced into the public schools "for the purpose of affording information concerning the structure and functions of the human body, being expected thereby to contribute to the preservation and promotion of health; and they have kept their place, in spite of serious shortcomings, as a concession to the practical importance of sound ideas concerning health and disease." Physiology and hygiene, unlike most of the other subjects in our schools, are rarely taken into account in promoting pupils. "They are seldom included in the list of requirements for admission to colleges or technical schools, and never in those for medical schools. They are not often much considered in educational congresses. And yet it is doubtful whether any subject in the whole curriculum of the public schools is of greater intrinsic importance as a preparation for life, or is capable of affecting more profoundly the whole mental attitude of men and women toward an enduring and well organized civilization." No. 9 PHYSIOLOGY AND HYGIENE NOW ESTABLISHED SCIENCES Twenty-five years ago physiology was a new science, a mere adjunct to anatomy. Today it is established as an independent science, with its own professors, investigators, associations and other evidences of solidity. Hygiene has made even greater progress within this time; in the management of infectious diseases, the disposal of sewage, the improvement of public water supply, the laying of sanitary pavements, and the disposal of dust and garbage. Boards of health carry on sanitary research, supervise the medical inspection of schools, isolate cases of infectious disease, provide for the disinfection of clothing and premises, enforce vaccination, and vacate unwholesome dwellings. Our school authorities are promoting hygiene by providing playgrounds and better ventilated school buildings, and by greater attention to the position, sight and hearing of pupils. Moreover, the home-its site, drainage, wall papers, ventilation, cookery -and the individual body-its exercise, fatigue, work, rest, play, clothing, bathing, hunger, thirst, sleep, growth and old age-"all these are dealt with today, not superficially and by tradition or experience alone, as formerly, but also by experiment. Physiology and hygiene have become experimental sciences, and have thus taken on a new and higher value." 66 Such is the present status of these sciences that the object of public school training in them must still be primarily practical and technical; viz., " a sound preparation for the right conduct of physical life. For although it is one argument for increasing the efficiency of instruction in these subjects that they give information on matters of great human interest, and that, when rightly taught, they are of high educational value, still the primary purpose of teaching them is not to give information or mental discipline, but because their subject matter is of immediate and enduring importance in determining and promoting the right conduct of the physical life, and especially the preservation and promotion of health. Their value is special rather than general, practical rather than cultural, technical rather than disciplinary." While physiology and hygiene, in exceptional cases, have had a good influence in the school curriculum, they have not always justified their place; they have not, on the whole, accomplished what was originally expected of them. They are too often looked upon by school authorities as an unavoidable necessity, and by teachers and pupils as a bore. Competent educators have favored dropping them alto gether from the course. This unfortunate state of affairs is due largely to the fact that the primary purpose of these subjects in the curriculum has been neglected or forgotten. From the first, the details of gross and minute anatomy have formed the major part of the work in physiology and hygiene in the schools. Function in health and disease has had an insignificant place because it has been poorly understood. The teaching in the public schools has lagged behind the advance of medical and hygienic science. Today it is inexcusably behind the times. "We now have facts which any one can teach and which should be made known as a preparation for the proper conduct of life; and it is these facts which should form the main part of the teaching." Anatomy should be restricted to the minimum amount needed to give a clear conception of the general structure of the body as a mechanism and of the normal working of that mechanism. . . . An arid osteology is a poor introduction to the study of modern hygiene, nor is it calculated to arouse a compelling interest in the subject." PHYSIOLOGY MORE IMPORTANT THAN ANATOMY As to physiology, its educational value is much greater than that of pure anatomy. It is a good teaching subject, because it deals with a machine in which most of us are naturally interested. It has also the highest philosophic value; it imparts that lesson so well expressed in Huxley's statement, that "the distinctive feature of modern as contrasted with ancient physiology" is "the fundamental conception of the living body as a physical mechanism." The use and abuse of patent medicines and the frequent negligence in the care of the body prove that most people have not incorporated this fact in their physiology of living. "We have urged that anatomy has no place in the public school curriculum, except as it is necessary to the understanding of the problems of physiology and hygiene; and we shall see it cut down to the minimum needed for this purpose without the slightest regret." Fortunately, however, the course in physiology may be made strictly subservient to personal hygiene without sacrificing its philosophical value. physiology which is most useful in understanding the problems of personal hygiene is almost exactly the same body of facts which has the greatest philosophic value, and the method of presenting them is the same for the one purpose as for the other." For "the The course in physiology should teach the outlines of muscular contraction, nervous activity, circulation, nutrition, temperature-regulation, and without needless details. "Again, physiology should not be made primarily or even to any large extent in public schools a means of laboratory training. Such training can be had more readily and more advantageously in chemistry and physics. To attempt to give the same laboratory training in physiology as in these would inevitably be to consume that time which is urgently needed for hygiene. The fundamental facts of physiology can be demonstrated and enforced in the laboratory, even in common schools, without much difficulty, and we should not for a moment depreciate the value or the necessity of a certain amount of this kind of instruction; but the use of the laboratory (always time consuming) must not be allowed to distract attention from the true aim of this work or to interfere with its complete realization.” The course in physiology should "impart enough facts of structure and function to furnish a solid basis for sound training in hygiene, and to give meanwhile an abiding sense of the material composition and mechanical character of the human body and its environment and operation. With so much of preparation it becomes easy to pass on to a practical consideration of health and disease, the means of promoting the former and avoiding the latter." HYGIENE MORE IMPORTANT THAN PHYSIOLOGY The strictly hygienic part of the subject begins with personal hygiene-" the proper regulation of activities of individual life-muscular work, mental activity, feeding, protection against colds and other inflammations, the care of the body by, bathing and clothing and the like. These should not be given in short paragraphs, but should be fully treated for their own sake and from the standpoint of the organism asa whole rather than from that of special organs. These are subjects about which every one needs real and true information, and sooner or later seeks it. Shall such information be obtained from the public schools, or sought unwisely in the brazen advertisements of magazine originators of new systems of physical training or in the rash and not disinterested advice of advocates of new breakfast foods?" The hygiene of the family, of the community, of states, and of nations each has a place in our preparation for sound private and public life, and, therefore, in the public school, where the great majority of our householders, housekeepers and heads of families receive all their education. "The principles underlying household |