7.3.

Section

104. The beginning of knowledge is in the senses

105. There may also be internal accessions to knowledge

106. Instances of notions which have an internal origin

107. Other instances of ideas which have an internal origin

CHAPTER II. /.

ORIGINAL SUGGESTION.

108. Import of suggestion, and its application in Reid and Stewart

109. Ideas of existence, mind, self-existence, and personal identity

110. Of the nature of unity, and the origin of that notion

111. Nature of succession, and origin of the idea of succession

112. Origin of the notion of duration

113. Illustrations of the nature of duration

114. Of time and its measurements, and of eternity

115. The idea of space not of external origin

116. The idea of space has its origin in suggestion

117. Of the origin of the idea of power.

118. Occasions of the origin of the idea of power.

119. Of the ideas of right and wrong

120. Origin of the ideas of moral merit and demerit

121. Of other elements of knowledge developed in suggestion

122. Suggestion a source of principles as well as of ideas

CHAPTER III.<

CONSCIOUSNESS.

123. Consciousness the 2d source of internal knowledge; its nature. 136

124. Further remarks on the proper objects of consciousness

125. Consciousnes a ground or law of belief

126. Instances of knowledge developed in consciousness

CHAPTER IV.AS.

RELATIVE SUGGESTION OR JUDGMENT.

127. Of the susceptibility of perceiving or feeling relations

128. Occasions on which feelings of relation may arise

129. Of the use of correlative terms

130. Of relations of identity and diversity

131. (11.) Relations of degree, and names expressive of them

. 137

138

ib.

132. (III.) Of relations of proportion

143

134. (v.) Of relations of time

133. (IV.) Of relations of place or position

135. (vi.) Of ideas of possession

136. (VII.) Of relations of cause and effect

147

137. Of complex terms involving the relation of cause and effect

138. Connexion of relative suggestion with reasoning

CHAPTER V. .

ASSOCIATION. (1.) PRIMARY LAWS.

139. Reasons for considering this subject here

140. Meaning of association and illustrations

141. Of the general laws of association

142. Resemblance the first general law of association

143. Of resemblance in the effects produced

144. Contrast the second general or primary law

145. Contiguity the third general or primary law

146. Cause and effect the fourth primary law

Section

CHAPTER VI.

ASSOCIATION. (II.) SECONDARY LAWS.

147. Secondary laws, and their connexion with the primary

148. Of the influence of lapse of time

149. Secondary law of repetition or habit

150. Of the secondary law of co-existent emotion

151. Original difference in the mental constitution

152. The foregoing as applicable to the sensibilities

CHAPTER VII.

MEMORY.

166

. 167

153. Remarks on the general nature of memory

154. Of memory as a ground or law of belief

155. Of differences in the strength of memory

156. Of circumstantial memory, or that species of memory which is

based on the relations of contiguity in time and place

157. Illustrations of specific or circumstantial memory

158. Of philosophic memory, or that species of memory which is based

on other relations than those of contiguity

159. Illustrations of philosophic memory

160. Of that species of memory called intentional recollection

161. Nature of intentional recollection.

162. Instance illustrative of the preceding statements

163. Marks of a good memory

164. Directions or rules for the improvement of the memory

165. Further directions for the improvement of the memory

166. Of observance of the truth in connexion with memory

CHAPTER VIII..

DURATION OF MEMORY.

168

169

170

171

167. Restoration of thoughts and feelings supposed to be forgotten

168. Mental action quickened by influence on the physical system

169. Other instances of quickened mental action, and of a restoration

of thoughts

evere attack of fever.

of a severe

170. Effect on the memory

171. Approval and illustrations of these views from Coleridge

172. Application of the principles of this chapter to education

173. Connexion of this doctrine with the final judgment and a future

179. Reasoning implies the existence of antecedent or assumed propo-

183 Of reasoning in connexion with language or expression

184. Illustration of the foregoing section

Section

CHAPTER X.

DEMONSTRATIVE REASONING.

185. Of the subjects of demonstrative reasoning.

186. Use of definitions and axioms in demonstrative reasoning

187. The opposites of demonstrative reasonings absurd

188. Demonstrations do not admit of different degrees of belief

189. Of the use of diagrams in demonstrations

CHAPTER XI. 20.

MORAL REASONING.

190. Of the subjects and importance of moral reasoning

191. Of the nature of moral certainty

193. Of reasoning by induction

192. Of reasoning from analogy

194. Of combined or accumulated arguments

. 208

209

. 210

CHAPTER XII. 2/

PRACTICAL DIRECTIONS IN REASONING.

195. Rules relating to the practice of reasoning

211

ib.

212

213

ib.

196. Of being influenced in reasoning by a love of the truth

197. Care to be used in correctly stating the subject of discussion

198. Consider the kind of evidence applicable to the subject

199. Reject the aid of false arguments or sophisms

200. Fallacia equivocationis, or the use of equivocal terms and phrases 215

201. Of the sophism of estimating actions and character from the cir

cumstances of success merely

202. Of adherence to our opinions

216

203. Effects on the mind of debating for victory instead of truth

CHAPTER XIII.

IMAGINATION.

204. Imagination an intellectual rather than a sensitive process

205. The imagination closely related to the reasoning power

206. Definition of the power of imagination

207. Process of the mind in the creations of the imagination

208. Further remarks on the same subject

209. Illustration from the writings of Dr. Reid

210. Grounds of the preference of one conception to another

211. Illustration of the subject from Milton

212. The creations of imagination not entirely voluntary

213. Illustration of the statements of the preceding section

214. On the utility of the faculty of the imagination

215. Importance of the imagination in connexion with reasoning

CHAPTER XIV.

DISORDERED INTELLECTUAL ACTION.

(1.) EXCITED CONCEPTIONS OR APPARITIONS.

216. Disordered intellectual action as connected with the body

217. Of excited conceptions and of apparitions in general

218. Of the less permanent excited conceptions of sight

219. Of the less permament excited conceptions of sound

220. First cause of permanently vivid conceptions or apparitions.-

Morbid sensibility of the retina of the eye

Section

221. Second cause of permanently excited conceptions or apparitions.

Neglect of periodical blood-letting

222. Methods of relief adopted in this case

223. Third cause of excited conceptions. Attacks of fever

224. Fourth cause of apparitions and other excited conceptions. In-

flammation of the brain

Pago

237

. 239

240

241

225. Facts having relation to the fourth cause of excited conceptions. 242

226. Fifth cause of apparitions. Hysteria

.

CHAPTER XV.

DISORDERED INTELLECTUAL ACTION.

(II.) INSANITY.

227. Meaning of the term insanity

228. Of disordered or alienated sensations

229. Of disordered or alienated external perception

230. Disordered state or insanity of original suggestion

231. Unsoundness or insanity of consciousness

232. Insanity of the judgment or relative suggestion

233. Disordered or alienated association. Light-headedness

234. Illustrations of this mental disorder

235. Of partial insanity or alienation of the memory

236. Of the power of reasoning in the partially insane

237. Instance of the above form of insanity of reasoning

238. Partial mental alienation by means of the imagination

239. Insanity or alienation of the power of belief

DIVISION II.

THE SENSIBILITIES.

SENTIENT OR SENSITIVE STATES OF THE MIND.-SENTIMENTS

INTRODUCTION.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE SENSIBILITIES.

261

ib.

3. 240. Reference to the general division of the whole mind

241. The action of the sensibilities implies that of the intellect

242. Division of the sensibilities into natural or pathematic, and moral 262

243. The moral and natural sensibilities have different objects

244. The moral sensibilities higher in rank than the natural

245. The moral sensibilities wanting in brutes

246. Classification of the natural sensibilities

247. Classification of the moral sensibilities

NATURAL OR PATHEMATIC SENSIBILITIES.

NATURAL OR PATHEMATIC SENTIMENTS.

CLASS I.

EMOTIONS OR EMOTIVE STATES OF THE MIND.

CHAPTER I.+

NATURE OF THE EMOTIONS.

248. We have a knowledge of emotions by consciousness

269

249. The place of emotions, considered in reference to other mental

acts

270

250. The character of emotions changes so as to comform to that of

Section

CHAPTER II. §.

EMOTIONS OF BEAUTY.

252. Characteristics of emotions of beauty

253. Of what is meant by beautiful objects

254. Of the distinction between beautiful and other objects

255. Grounds or occasions of emotions of beauty various

256. All objects not equally fitted to cause these emotions

257. A susceptibility of emotions of beauty an ultimate principle of our

mental constitution

258. Remarks on the beauty of forms.-The circle

259. Original or intrinsic beauty.-The circle

260. Of the beauty of straight and angular forms

261. Of square, pyramidal, and triangular forms

262. Of the original or intrinsic beauty of colours

277

278

279

. 280

ib.

281

283

263. Further illustrations of the original beauty of colours

264. Of sounds considered as a source of beauty.

265. Illustrations of the original beauty of sounds

266. Further instances of the original beauty of sounds

287

290

267. The permanency of musical power dependent on its being intrinsic ib.

268. Of motion as an element of beauty

269. Explanation of the beauty of motion from Kaimes

CHAPTER III. 24,

ASSOCIATED BEAUTY.

270. Associated beauty implies an antecedent or intrinsic beauty

271. Objects may become beautiful by association merely

272. Further illustrations of associated feelings

273. Instances of national associations.

274. The sources of associated beauty coincident with those of human

happiness

275. Summary of views in regard to the beautiful

CHAPTER IV 25

EMOTIONS OF SUBLIMITY.

276. Connexion between beauty and sublimity

277. The occasions of the emotions of sublimity various

278. Great extent or expansion an occasion of sublimity

279. Great height an element or occasion of sublimity

280. Of depth in connexion with the sublime

281. Of colours in connexion with the sublime

282. Of sounds as furnishing an occasion of sublime emotions

283. Of motion in connexion with the sublime

284. Indications of power accompanied by emotions of the sublime

285. Of the original or primary sublimity of objects

286. Considerations in proof of the original sublimity of objects.

287. Influence of association on emotions of sublimity

CHAPTER V.

EMOTIONS OF THE LUDICROUS.

297

291. Of wit as it consists in burlesque or in debasing objects

ib.

292. Of wit when employed in aggrandizing objects

293. Of the character and occasions of humour

312

313

294. Of the practical utility of feelings of the ludicrous

. 314