Shillings. Ten times 3 are 30, and 7 are 37-37s. make 1 pound 17 shillings; set down £1 17. This product is the price of 100-Multiply it by 11 and you will have the price of 1100. Pence, opposite C. Eleven times 6 are 66-66 pence are 5s. 6d.; set down 6 and carry 5 to the shillings. Shillings. Eleven times 7 are 77, and 5 I carried are 82-2 and carry 8-11 times 1 is 11, and 8 are 19-the half of 19 is 9 and 1 over; set the 1 in tens' place of shillings, and carry 9 to the pounds. Pounds. Eleven times 1 is 11, and 9 I carried make 20set 20 in the place of pounds. Thus we have £20 12 6 for the price of 1100 pounds. Now multiply the price of one pound by 11 and by. 5, to find the price of 55 pounds-add this price to that of 1100 pounds, and you will have the answer. Farthings, opposite A a. Eleven times 2 are 22-22 farthings make 5d. 2q.; set down 2 and carry 5. Pence. Eleven times 4 are 44, and 5 I carried are 49-49d. make 4s. 1d.; set down 1 in the pence and 4 in the shillings. Farthings, opposite E. Five times 2 are 10-10 farthings make 2 pence 2 farthings; set down 2 and carry 2 to the pence. Pence. Five times 1 is 5 and 2 I carried are 7-set down 7 in the pence. K Shillings. Five times 4 are 20-20s. make one pound; set down O in the shillings, and 1 in the place of pounds. This makes £1 0 7 2 for the price of 55 pounds. 2 Price of 55 pounds, added 0 the price of 1100 pounds. £1 0 7 To 20 12 6 Makes £21 13 1 2 the answer for 1155 lbs. Answer in words, Twenty-one pounds thirteen shillings and one penny half-penny. When an Integer, that is, a whole number, costs so much a pound, what will a hundred weight cost? RULE. Multiply the price of one Integer by 7 and by 8, and the second product by 2: the third product will be the price of 112. NOTE 1st.-A hundred weight Avoirdupois contains 112 pounds; consequently any number being multiplied by 7, and that product by 8, will make a product 56 times the first number; and this second product multiplied by 2, will make a product 112 times greater than the first number. 1X7=7X8=56 and 56×2=112. Read thus, 1 multiplied by 7 equals 7, multiplied by 8 equals 56; and 56 multiplied by 2 equals 112. NOTE 2nd.-It will make no difference to multiply by 8 first, then by 7. KEY TO CARD No. 19. LESSON 22. EXAMPLE. If 1 pound of Indigo cost £0 17 5 what will 112 pounds cost, that is what will one hundred weight Avoirdupois, cost? Pence. Eight times 5 are 40-40 pence make 6 19 4 Price of 8 pounds. 3s. 4d.; set down 4 and carry 3 to the shillings. Shillings. Eight times 7 are 56, and 3 I carried are 59-9 and carry 5-8 times 1 are 8 and 5 are 13; the half of 13 is 6 and 1 over, place 1 by the 3 and carry 6 to the place of pounds. This operation makes a product of £6 19 4.Multiply this sum by 7. Pence. Seven times 4 are 28-28 pence make 2s. 4d.; set down 4 and carry 2. Shillings. Seven times 9 are 63, and 2 I carried are 65-5 and carry 6-7 times 1 of 13 is 6 and 1 over; the pounds. are 7, and 6 are 13-the half set 1 by the 9 and carry 6 to Pounds. Seven times 6 are 42, and 6 I carried are 48; set 48 in the pounds. This makes a product of £48 15 4 the price of 56 pounds-Multiply this sum by 2. Pence. Twice 4 are 8; set down 8 and carry nothingtwice 15 are 30-30s. make 1 pound 10 shillings; set down 10 for shillings, and carry one to the pounds. Twice 8 are 16, and one I carried makes 17; set down 7 and carry one-twice 4 are 8 and 1 makes 9 .set down 9. Thus we have a sum of £97 10 8 for the answer. KEY TO CARD No. 19. LESSON 23. When fish come at £0 0 5 a pound, what will a hundred weight cost? £0 0.5 Eight times 5 are 40-40 pence equal 3s. 4d.; set 4 in the pence, and 3 in the shillings. Second Operation. Seven times 4 are 28-28 pence are 2s. 4d.: set down 4 and carry 2. Seven times 3 are 21 and 2 are 23; set down £1 3. Here we have a sum of £1 3 4 for the price of 56 pounds, which sum when multiplied by 2, will give a product for the price of 112 pounds. Pence. Twice 4 are 8; set down 8 in the Shillings. pence. Twice 3 are 6; set 6 in the shillings. Pounds. Twice 1 are 2; set 2 in the pounds. Answer in words, Two pounds six shillings and eight pence. END OF PART THIRD. INTRODUCTION TO ARITHMETIC. PART IV. CONTAINING COMMON MULTIPLICATION. MULTIPLICATION. KEY TO CARD No. 20. Inform the learners that the number to be multiplied is called the Multiplicand. The number we multiply by, Multiplier, and the result or sum total, the Product. Let them also know, that the Multiplicand and Multiplier are called Factors: that is, the upper, and lower, factor; and it makes no difference in the Product which number stands uppermost; only place the smallest Factor under for the ease of multiplying. LESSON 1. Multiplicand, 4 6 4 3 2 upper Factor, 5 24 lower Factor, Multiplier, 185728 92864 Intermediate Products. 2 3 2 1 6 0 24,33 0,3 6 8 Product. Here give notice how the figures must be arranged in the several intermediate Products. Always place the first figure of a product exactly under its Multiplier. K* |