BURGOYNE INVADES. 221 goyne at should proceed with a detachment by the St. Law- P'T. III. rence, Oswego, and Fort Stanwix, to Albany. Bur- P'D. II. goyne, proceeding by Champlain and the Hudson, was cH. v. to meet St. Leger at Albany, and both, to join General June 20. Clinton from New York. Burgoyne moved forward Burwith his army, and made his first encampment on the the river western shore of Lake Champlain, at the river Boquet. Boquet. 3. St. Leger had united with Sir John Johnson, and Battle of having nearly 2,000 troops, including savages, they Oriskany invested Fort Stanwix, commanded by Col. Ganse- Herkivoort. General Herkimer, having collected the militia, feat. marched to the relief of Gansevoort. He fell into an Indian ambuscade on the 6th of August, and was de- Aug. 6. feated and slain. St. Leger pressed upon the fort. mer's de Am. loss, 400. St. Leger to Mon treal. 4. General Schuyler, who commanded the northern forces, dispatched Arnold to its relief. On hearing of his approach, the Indians, having previously become su dissatisfied, mutinied and compelled St. Leger to re- returns turn to Montreal... Burgoyne advanced to Crown Point, from whence he proceeded to invest Ticonderoga, which was garrisoned by 3,000 men under Gen. St. Clair. Up to this period, a circumstance respecting this fort seems strangely to have been overlooked. June 30. It is commanded by an eminence near, called Mount BurDefiance. The troops of Burgoyne got possession of Crown this height on the 5th of July, and St. Clair, finding the post no longer tenable, evacuated it on the same night. goyne at Point 5. The garrison, separated into two divisions, were to proceed through Hubbardton to Skeenesborough. The first, under St. Clair, left the fort in the night, The BriJuly 5. two hours earlier than the second, under Colonel tish take Francis The stores and baggage, placed on board deroga. 200 batteaux, and convoyed by five armed galleys, were to meet the army at Skeenesborough. 6. General Frazer, with 850 of the British, pursued - 3. Describe the route of St. Leger? When, and by whom, was the battle of Oriskany fought? What was the American loss? 4. By what means was St. Leger forced to return? By what means did Burgoyne get possession of Ticonderoga? -5. What arrangements were made for the retreat of St. Clair's army?-6. Give an account of the disaster at Hubbardton ? Ticon 222 P'D. II. DISASTROUS RETREAT. PT. II. and attacked the division at Hubbardton, whose rear was commanded by Colonel Warner. The AmeriCH. V. cans made a brave resistance, but the British, in the heat of the action, receiving a reinforcement, the re1977. publicans were forced to give way. They fled in Am. loss, every direction, spreading through the country the July 7. k., w. terror of the British arms. Many of the wounded and pris., nearly" perished in the woods. k. July 12. Ft. Ed 1000. 7. A part of the stores and armed galleys, which Br. 1390, had been sent up the lake, fell into the hands of the British. St. Clair, on hearing of these disasters, struck into the woods on his left. He was joined by the St. Clair, remnant of the vanquished division, conducted by reaches Colonel Warner. After a distressing march, he ward. reached the camp of General Schuyler, at Fort Edward. Warner, with a detachment, remained in ManAug. 13. chester. Burgoyne took possession of Skeenesborough. Geer Schuyler, with the American army, retired from Fort at the Edward to Saratoga, and from thence to the islands at the mouth of the Mohawk. Schuyler Mo hawk. more po super 8. General Schuyler had obstructed the roads, by breaking the bridges, and, in the only passable defiles, Gates by cutting immense trees on both sides of the way, to pular, fall cross and lengthwise... General Gates was apSe pointed to supersede General Schuyler in the comSchuy- mand. Lincoln, Arnold, and Morgan, were sent north, which encouraged volunteers to join the army. The celebrated patriot of Poland, Kosciusko, was also in the army, as its chief engineer. ler. July 30. goyne Ft. Ed 9. Burgoyne, having with much labor and time, opened a way for his army, arrived at Fort Edward on reaches the 30th of July, but he was in want of supplies. Ward Learning that there was a large depôt of provisions at Bennington, he sent 500 men, under Lieut. Col. Baum, a German officer, to seize them. General Stark, with Baum at a body of New Hampshire and Vermont militia, was Bington. on his march to join General Schuyler. He met the Col. Ben 7. What became of St. Clair's division? Of Col. Warner's? Where was now Burgoyne? Where was Gen. Schuyler?-8. What popular officers now joined the army? 9. What detachment did Burgoyne send out? Where was Gen. Stark? Give an account of the battle of Bennington. THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS. P'D. II. 223 British force four miles from Bennington. Baum was P'T. III. killed, and his party defeated. The militia hau libpersed, to seek for plunder, when a British reinforce- CH. V. ment of 500 men arrived. The Green Mountain 1777. Boys, under Colonel Warner, appeared at the same Aug 6. time, and the British were again defeated, and com- loss 600 pelled to retreat. British 10. Miss M'Crea of Fort Edward, was engaged in marriage to Capt. Jones, an officer of Burgoyne's rmy. She left her father's house by stealth, anu his wrong step, she paid a direful penalty. The Indians whom she accompanied, and whom Capt. Jones had first sent, met in the woods a second party, whom murder he had unwisely dispatched to aid the first. They of Mias quarreled; each determining to conduct the lady to their employer. The first party, finding the second likely to succeed, tied her to a tree and shot her. The M'Crea encamps 11. When this tragic affair became known; it greatly Sept. 8. excited the minds of the people against the Bri- Gates tish, who had thus let loose the cruel savages upon at Sara the land; and there was now a general rising, and rush tega. to the camp of Gates. The army thus reinforced,-encouraged by the victory of Bennington, and now amounting to 5,000, Gates left the encampment at the islands, and advancing to Stillwater, occupied Behmus heights. Bur water. 12. On the 12th, Burgoyne crossed the Hudson, Sept. 19. and on the 14th, encamped at Saratoga, about three goyne miles distant from the American army. An obstinate defeated and bloody battle occurred at Stillwater on the 19th. at StillBoth sides claimed the victory; but the advantage was clearly on the side of the Americans. Skirmishes, British frequent and animated, occurred between this and the 7th of October, when a general battle was fought at Saratoga. 13. The Americans made the attack. The battle was fierce and desperate. The British gave way in 10. Relate the story of Miss M'Crea?-11. What effect did it produce on the public mind? What advance movement was made by Gates? -12. What by Burgoyne? Where did the armies meet and contend? Which had the advantage? When and where was a great and decisive battle fought ?-13. Why could not Burgoyne retreat? What did he do on the 17th of Oct.? Oct. 7. defeated at Sar.. toga. great on beth sides. 224 BURGOYNE'S SURRENDER PT. III. fifty minutes. That short time decided great events. The loss was severe in killed and wounded, on both P'D. II. CH. VI. sides. The British lost Gen. Frazer. Arnold had greatly distinguished himself in the battle, and was 1797. severely wounded... Burgoyne made efforts to retreat; Frazer is but he was hemmed in by a foe, whose army constantly increasing, now amounted to four times his own wasting numbers. He capitulated on the 17th o October. killed. 9,000. from de 14. The whole number surrendered, amounted to 5,762 men. There also fell into the hands of the Whole Americans, 35 brass field pieces, and 5,000 muskets Br. loss, It was stipulated that the British were to have free Part passage across the Atlantic; but they were not to serve sertion again in North America, during the war. On hearing of the defeat of Burgoyne, the British garrison at TiGarrison conderoga returned to Canada, and not a foe remained of Ti. in the northern section of the Union. Sir Henry Canada. Clinton had sailed up the Hudson; but as Burgoyne had failed, he returned to New York; having first barbarously burned Esopus, now Kingston. retreat to Howe CHAPTER VI. Battle of Brandywine.-British in Philadelphia.-Germantown 1. ADMIRAL and Gen. Howe, intent on the capture lands at of Philadelphia, left Sandy Hook on the 23d of July Elkton. They were long at sea. At length they were heard Aug. 25. of, sailing up the Chesapeake. They disembarked their marches troops, amounting to 18,000, at the head of the Bay to meet Washington crossed the Delaware and marched to of pose them. Approaching the enemy, he encampe Wash. him. 14. How many men were surrendered? How many pieces of artillery? What did Sir Henry Clinton ? CHAPTER VI.-1. Trace on the map and describe the course of Admiral Howe's fleet? What course did Washington take? BRITISH ENTER PHILADELPHIA 225 on the rising grounds which extend from Chad's Ford; P'T. III. and there, the shallow stream of the Brandywine, p’D. II. being between the armies, he awaited an attack from OH. VI. the British commander. 1997 Sept. 11 wine. Am. de feat. Br. loss, 500. 1,300. 2. Early in the morning, the hostile army commenced the assault Washington had made, and partly executed, a plan which would probably have won the day; but in the heat of the action, his judgment was misled by false intelligence, and he lost the battle. Gen. Green here distinguished himself; as did the brave Polander, Pulaski. Gen. La Fayette, endeavouring to bring back the flying, to face again the enemy, received a wound in the leg. When in his Am. loss, old age, the country for whom he here shed his blood, conveyed him home an honored guest, returning from her shores, the new war-ship which carried him to France, was named from this battle, the Brandywine. 3. Congress, finding themselves insecure in Philadelphia, adjourned to Lancaster, to which place the public archives and magazines were removed. A detachment of the British army, under Cornwallis, en- Sept. tered the American capital, while the main body, under Howe, took post at Germantown. The American enter army encamped at Skippack creek. Washington, knowing that Howe was weakened by detachments, left his camp at seven in the evening of Oct. 4th, and at dawn succeeded in giving the British a complete surprise. They at first retreated in disorder. Several m. loss, companies having thrown themselves into a stone k. 200. house, annoyed the Americans. A thick fog came on, pris. 400. and unable to distinguish friend from foe, confusion arose in the American ranks, and they lost the battle. The British Phila. Oct. 4. Ger man town. w. 600, starving. 4. Congress had made it death to any citizen to Howe in furnish the enemy with food; and such was the spirit danger of of the people, and the vigilance of the commander, that Howe now found his army in danger of starva 2. Give an account of the battle of Brandywine? Mention the loss on both sides? What officers distinguished themselves? What vessel was named after this battle? 3. What movement did Congress make? When did the British troops enter Philadelphia? Where were Generals Howe and Washington? De scribe the battle of Germantown? |